Mukhtaṣar al-Shaykh Khalīl ibn Isḥāq fī al-fiqh ʻalá madhhab al-Imām Mālik ibn Anas al-Aṣbaḥī

[Khalīl ibn Isḥāq al-Jundī].

Hādhā al-Majmūʻ fī masāʼil al-inzālāt wa-al-khalawāt wa-al-kardār wa-mā yatbaʻu dhālika min al-naṣbah wa-al-jalsah wa-al-ḥazqah wa-min bayʻ al-waqf al-kharib ʻalá mashʹhūr madhhab al-Imām al-Aʻẓam Abī Ḥanīfah al-Nuʻmān wa-madhhab Imām Dār al-Hijrah Mālik ibn Anas

1. Risālah fī al-khulūw wa-wujūhihi ʻinda al-Miṣrīyīn wa-al-Maghāribah / li-Ismāʻīl al-Tamīmī -- 2. Suʼāl wa-fatāwá ʻanh / li-Ibrāhīm al-Riyāḥī -- 3. Asʼilah wa-ajwibah fī masāʼil al-kardār / li-Aḥmad ibn al-Khūjah -- 4. Faṣl fī ʻĀrīyat al-khulūw wa-faṣl fī al-inzālāt min Manẓūmat Laqṭ al-durar / li-Muḥammad al-Sanūsī -- 5. Jumlat Taqārīr wa-fatāwá fī al-khalawāt wa-al-inzālāt / li-Muḥammad Bayram wa-al-Shādhilī ibn Ṣāliḥ -- 6. Risālah fī Taḥqīq masʼalat al-khulūw ʻinda al-Mālikīyah / li-Aḥmad al-Fayyūmī al-Farqāwī al-Miṣrī -- 7. Risālah fī al-Kalām ʻalá bayʻ al-waqf idhā khariba wa-mā li-ahl al-madhhab min al-kalām fī dhālik / li-Yaḥyá ibn Muḥammad al-Ḥaṭṭāb.

Observationes clinicae : I. Generales de febre quadam acuta in tractu Germaniae mari Balthico vicino ac praesertim Lubecae observata. II. Speciales, de admirandis ... quibusdam scillae in pulvere exhibitae virtutibus /

Mode of access: Internet.

Histoire du bimaculated duck de pennant confondu longtemps avec l'anas Glocitans de Pallas & c.

Mode of access: Internet.

Mukhtaṣar al-Shaykh Khalīl ibn Isḥāq fī al-fiqh ʻalá Madhhab al-Imām Mālik ibn Anas al-Asbaḥī [microform].

Microfilm.

Population genetic of three species of Clupeidae family Sardinella sindensis, Sardinella albella, Dussumieria acuta in the Persian Gulf & Oman Sea

Sardines and other Microfilidae have very important ecological role in marine ecosystems because they are first consumers in marine food chain and they are the main food of valuable species as tuna. So decries in their population will decline fishing of these spices. There are 10 genus of Clupeidae in south of Iran and Sardinella is the one of the most abundant of them. In this study we investigated about morphological and genetically differences in population of 3 species: Sardinella sindensis, Sardinella abella, Dussomieria acuta. About 65 specimens of Sardinella sindensis, 61 specimens of Sardinella albella and 63 specimens of, Dussomieria acuta from three regions of their distribution: Jask (Oman Sea), Qeshm (Hormoz) and Lengeh (Pearsian Gulf) have been collected. Morphological research of their characters and statistical studies were done. To determine the genetically structure of specie's population we sequenced 500 bp of mitochondrial control region. Genetical studies determine meaningful difference in alleles and heterozigosity frequency of Sardinella sindensis. This must be the result of divergence in population of this species. Morphological investigation of Sardinella albella shows the meaningful difference. But detailed studies diffused it. Genetical studies show a meaningful variance in allele and heterosigosity frequency. This may be an aspect of sardine tendency to live in estuaries. Morphological research of Dussomieria acuta in Jask and Lengeh show a meaningful variance in these regions. Such a situation might be result of Monsoon, upwelling and better weather which occur in Oman Sea in spite of Persian Gulf.

Efeitos tóxicos induzidos pelos nanomateriais Fulereno (C60) e Nanoprata no Poliqueto Laeonereis Acuta (Nereididae) e nas comunidades bacterianas que habitam sua superfície corporal

O fulereno (C60) pertence a uma família de nanomateriais (NM) constituída exclusivamente de átomos de carbono, sendo encontrado na forma de suspensão na água (nC60). A nanoprata (nAg) possui um excepcional e amplo espectro bactericida e um custo de fabricação relativamente baixo. No entanto, pouco se sabe a respeito dos eventuais efeitos tóxicos induzidos por estes NM em organismos estuarinos. O poliqueto Laeonereis acuta tem o muco colonizado por comunidades bacterianas. Há registros de que L. acuta apresenta um gradiente corporal para concentração de EAO e capacidade antioxidante total. Neste estudo, os poliquetos foram expostos in vivo durante 24 horas ao nC60 e à nAg, separadamente. Após isso, as unidades formadoras de colônias (UFC) bacterianas foram contadas e pesadas, além de serem realizadas diversas medições bioquímicas nos poliquetos e nas bactérias. Os números de UFC bacterianas expostas ao nC60 foi menor na concentração de 0.01mg/L e os números de UFC bacterianas expostas à nAg foram similares aos dados de biomassa, diminuindo na maior concentração (1.0 mg/L) (p<0.05). A capacidade antioxidante contra radicais peroxil em homogeneizados bacterianos expostos ao nC60 foi menor na concentração de 0.1mg/L quando comparado ao controle (p<0.05). A região anterior apresentou menor capacidade antioxidante (p<0.05) nos poliquetos expostos a 1.0 mg/L, quando comparado ao controle. Os poliquetos expostos à nAg apresentaram menor capacidade antioxidante na região posterior na concentração de 1.0 mg/L quando comparado ao controle (p<0.05). O conteúdo de peróxidos lipídicos (TBARS) foi reduzido na região anterior dos poliquetos expostos nas duas menores concentrações ( 0.01 e 0.1 mg/L) de nC60 (p<0.05). Na região corporal posterior, somente os organismos expostos a maior concentração de nC60 (1.0 mg/L) mostraram aumento na concentração de TBARS quando comparado ao grupo controle (p<0.05). A atividade da enzima glutationa-Stransferase (GST) foi aumentada (p<0.05) na região média e posterior dos poliquetos expostos a 0.1 mg/L de nC60. Como conclusões pode se dizer que os dois NM induziram efeitos tóxicos ainda numa situação (escuridão) onde o fulereno não é fotoexcitado. O aumento na produção e comercialização de produtos com NM levanta a questão dos riscos ambientais associados ao desenvolvimento da nanotecnologia.

O processo criativo e a personalidade criadora : um estudo da poética de Anaïs Nin no poema em prosa A Casa do Incesto

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura, 2016.

Structural features of the epididymal region of the domestic duck (Anas plathyrynchos)

A região epididimária do pato doméstico era composta pelos ductúlos eferentes, os quais hitotopologicamente foram caracterizados como dúctulos eferentes proximal e distal e, sequencialmente, pelo ducto epididimal. O epitélio dos dúctulos eferentes era pseudo-estratificado, formado por células colunares. O epitélio dos ductos epididimários mostrou-se também pseudo-estratificado, mas não ciliado. de acordo com as análises histomorfométricas, a média da altura epitelial foi significativamente maior nos dútulos esferentes distais, diferindo das baixas médias de altura epitelial observadas nos dúctulos eferentes proximais e ducto epididimal. A média dos diâmetros máximos e mínimos foi significativamente maior nos dúctulos eferentes proximais, comparativamente as médias dos mesmos diâmetros dos outros dúctulos.

Proximate cues to phases of movement in a highly dispersive waterfowl, anas superciliosa

BACKGROUND: Waterfowl can exploit distant ephemeral wetlands in arid environments and provide valuable insights into the response of birds to rapid environmental change, and behavioural flexibility of avian movements. Currently much of our understanding of behavioural flexibility of avian movement comes from studies of migration in seasonally predictable biomes in the northern hemisphere. We used GPS transmitters to track 20 Pacific black duck (Anas superciliosa) in arid central Australia. We exploited La Niña conditions that brought extensive flooding, so allowing a rare opportunity to investigate how weather and other environmental factors predict initiation of long distance movement toward freshly flooded habitats. We employed behavioural change point analysis to identify three phases of movement: sedentary, exploratory and long distance oriented movement. We then used random forest models to determine the ability of meteorological and remote sensed landscape variables to predict initiation of these phases. RESULTS: We found that initiation of exploratory movement phases is influenced by fluctuations in local weather conditions and accumulated rainfall in the landscape. Initiation of long distance movement phases was found to be highly individualistic with minor influence from local weather conditions. CONCLUSIONS: Our study reveals how individuals utilise local conditions to respond to changes in resource distribution at broad scales. Our findings suggest that individual movement decisions of dispersive birds are informed by the integration of multiple weather cues operating at different temporal and spatial scales.

Weak negative associations between avian influenza virus infection and movement behaviour in a key host species, the mallard Anas platyrhynchos

Animal movements may contribute to the spread of pathogens. In the case of avian influenza virus, [migratory] birds have been suggested to play a role in the spread of some highly pathogenic strains (e.g. H5N1, H5N8), as well as their low pathogenic precursors which circulate naturally in wild birds. For a better understanding of the emergence and spread of both highly pathogenic (HPAIV) and low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV), the potential effects of LPAIVs on bird movement need to be evaluated. In a key host species, the mallard Anas platyrhynchos, we tested whether LPAIV infection status affected daily local (< 100 m) and regional (> 100 m) movements by comparing movement behaviour 1) within individuals (captured and sampled at two time points) and 2) between individuals (captured and sampled at one time point). We fitted free-living adult males with GPS loggers throughout the autumn LPAIV infection peak, and sampled them for LPAIV infection at logger deployment and at logger removal on recapture. Within individuals, we found no association between LPAIV infection and daily local and regional movements. Among individuals, daily regional movements of LPAIV infected mallards in the last days of tracking were lower than those of non-infected birds. Moreover, these regional movements of LPAIV infected birds were additionally reduced by poor weather conditions (i.e. increased wind and/or precipitation and lower temperatures). Local movements of LPAIV infected birds in the first days of tracking were higher when temperature decreased. Our study thus demonstrates that bird-assisted dispersal rate of LPAIV may be lower on a regional scale than expected on the basis of the movement behaviour of non-infected birds. Our study underlines the importance of understanding the impact of pathogen infection on host movement in order to assess its potential role in the emergence and spread of infectious diseases.

Automatic classification of human epithelial type 2 cell indirect immunofluorescence images using cell pyramid matching

This paper describes a novel system for automatic classification of images obtained from Anti-Nuclear Antibody (ANA) pathology tests on Human Epithelial type 2 (HEp-2) cells using the Indirect Immunofluorescence (IIF) protocol. The IIF protocol on HEp-2 cells has been the hallmark method to identify the presence of ANAs, due to its high sensitivity and the large range of antigens that can be detected. However, it suffers from numerous shortcomings, such as being subjective as well as time and labour intensive. Computer Aided Diagnostic (CAD) systems have been developed to address these problems, which automatically classify a HEp-2 cell image into one of its known patterns (eg. speckled, homogeneous). Most of the existing CAD systems use handpicked features to represent a HEp-2 cell image, which may only work in limited scenarios. We propose a novel automatic cell image classification method termed Cell Pyramid Matching (CPM), which is comprised of regional histograms of visual words coupled with the Multiple Kernel Learning framework. We present a study of several variations of generating histograms and show the efficacy of the system on two publicly available datasets: the ICPR HEp-2 cell classification contest dataset and the SNPHEp-2 dataset.

Overview of design concepts of traditional Iranian architecture and its reflections in Iranian contemporary architecture

This article has attempted to investigate the patterns of traditional architecture in Iran's warm and dry climate and whether these patterns have been attended to in Iran's contemporary architecture or not. Since the two elements of culture and climate are much significant in Iran's traditional constructions, this article aimed at dealing with subjects such as the causes of the shapes of traditional buildings in Iran's warm and dry climate in constructions like houses, schools, mosques and bazaars, and why they were constructed in those shapes, and also considering their patterns in these places in the light of cultural and climatic aspects, and their cultural and climatic relationships and investigating cultural-climatic causes of the directions and situations designed for the spaces present in these buildings and finally it is intended to classify the conceptual patterns of the traditional architecture of Iran's warm and dry climate. The article is going to consider the amount of using these patterns in Iran's contemporary architecture. The study has been conducted using library and field method.

Conceptual and statistical modelling of environmental effects in population dynamics

Population dynamics are generally viewed as the result of intrinsic (purely density dependent) and extrinsic (environmental) processes. Both components, and potential interactions between those two, have to be modelled in order to understand and predict dynamics of natural populations; a topic that is of great importance in population management and conservation. This thesis focuses on modelling environmental effects in population dynamics and how effects of potentially relevant environmental variables can be statistically identified and quantified from time series data. Chapter I presents some useful models of multiplicative environmental effects for unstructured density dependent populations. The presented models can be written as standard multiple regression models that are easy to fit to data. Chapters II IV constitute empirical studies that statistically model environmental effects on population dynamics of several migratory bird species with different life history characteristics and migration strategies. In Chapter II, spruce cone crops are found to have a strong positive effect on the population growth of the great spotted woodpecker (Dendrocopos major), while cone crops of pine another important food resource for the species do not effectively explain population growth. The study compares rate- and ratio-dependent effects of cone availability, using state-space models that distinguish between process and observation error in the time series data. Chapter III shows how drought, in combination with settling behaviour during migration, produces asymmetric spatially synchronous patterns of population dynamics in North American ducks (genus Anas). Chapter IV investigates the dynamics of a Finnish population of skylark (Alauda arvensis), and point out effects of rainfall and habitat quality on population growth. Because the skylark time series and some of the environmental variables included show strong positive autocorrelation, the statistical significances are calculated using a Monte Carlo method, where random autocorrelated time series are generated. Chapter V is a simulation-based study, showing that ignoring observation error in analyses of population time series data can bias the estimated effects and measures of uncertainty, if the environmental variables are autocorrelated. It is concluded that the use of state-space models is an effective way to reach more accurate results. In summary, there are several biological assumptions and methodological issues that can affect the inferential outcome when estimating environmental effects from time series data, and that therefore need special attention. The functional form of the environmental effects and potential interactions between environment and population density are important to deal with. Other issues that should be considered are assumptions about density dependent regulation, modelling potential observation error, and when needed, accounting for spatial and/or temporal autocorrelation.

Simplified Treatment of Childhood Acute Bone and Joint Infections

Acute childhood osteomyelitis (OM), septic arthritis (SA), and their combination osteomyelitis with adjacent septic arthritis (OM+SA), are treated with long courses of antimicrobials and immediate surgery. We conducted a prospective multi-center randomized trial among Finnish children at age 3 months to 15 years in 1983-2005. According to the two-by-two factorial study design, children with OM or OM+SA received 20 or 30 days of antimicrobials, whereas those with SA were treated for 10 or 30 days. In addition, the whole series was randomized to be treated with clindamycin or a first-generation cephalosporin. Cases were included only if the causative agent was isolated. The treatment was instituted intravenously, but only for the first 2-4 days. Percutaneous aspiration was done to obtain a representative sample for bacteriology, but all other surgical intervention was kept at a minimum. A total of 265 patients fulfilled our strict inclusion criteria and were analyzed; 106 children had OM, 134 SA, and 25 OM+SA. In the OM group, one child in the long and one child in the short-term treatment group developed sequelae. One child with SA twice developed a late re-infection of the same joint, but the causative agents differed. Regarding surgery, diagnostic arthrocentesis or corticotomy was the only surgical procedure performed in most cases. Routine arthrotomy was not required even in hip arthritis. Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) proved to be a reliable laboratory index in the diagnosis and monitoring of osteoarticular infections. The recovery rate was similar regardless of whether clindamycin or a first-generation cephalosporin was used. We conclude that a course of 20 days of these well-absorbing antimicrobials is sufficient for OM or OM+SA, and 10 days for SA in most cases beyond the neonatal age. A short intravenous phase of only 2-5 days often suffices. CRP gives valuable information in monitoring the course of illness. Besides diagnostic aspiration, surgery should be reserved for selected cases.