Voltammetric immunosensor for the diagnosis of celiac disease based on the quantification of anti-gliadin antibodies

Antibodies against gliadin are used to detect celiac disease (CD) in patients. An electrochemical immunosensor for the voltammetric detection of human anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA) IgA and AGA IgG in real serum samples is proposed. The transducer surface consists of screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with a carbon nanotube/gold nanoparticle hybrid system, which provides a very useful surface for the amplification of the immunological interactions. The immunosensing strategy is based on the immobilization of gliadin, the antigen for the autoantibodies of interest, onto the nanostructured surface. The antigen–antibody interaction is recorded using alkaline phosphatase labeled anti-human antibodies and a mixture of 3-indoxyl phosphate with silver ions (3-IP/Ag+) was used as the substrate. The analytical signal is based on the anodic redissolution of the enzymatically generated silver by cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical behavior of this immunosensor was carefully evaluated assessing aspects as sensitivity, non-specific binding and matrix effects, and repeatability and reproducibility. The results were supported with a commercial ELISA test.

Nanohybrid materials as transducer surfaces for electrochemical sensing applications

A nanohybrid electrochemical transducer surface was developed using carbon and gold nanomaterials. The strategy relayed on casting multiwalled carbon nanotubes or carbon nanofibers onto a screen-printed carbon electrode surface, followed by in situ generation of gold nanoparticles by electrochemical deposition of ionic gold, in a reproducible manner. These transducers, so fabricated, were characterized using both electrochemical and microscopic techniques. Biofunctionality was evaluated using the streptavidin-biotin interaction system as the biological reaction model. These platforms allow to achieve low detection limits (in the order of pmoles), are reproducible and stable at least for a month after their preparation, being a perfect candidate to be used as transducer of different sensor devices.

Celiac disease diagnosis and gluten-free food analytical control

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy, characterized by an inappropriate T-cell-mediated immune response to the ingestion of certain dietary cereal proteins in genetically susceptible individuals. This disorder presents environmental, genetic, and immunological components. CD presents a prevalence of up to 1% in populations of European ancestry, yet a high percentage of cases remain underdiagnosed. The diagnosis and treatment should be made early since untreated disease causes growth retardation and atypical symptoms, like infertility or neurological disorders. The diagnostic criteria for CD, which requires endoscopy with small bowel biopsy, have been changing over the last few decades, especially due to the advent of serological tests with higher sensitivity and specificity. The use of serological markers can be very useful to rule out clinical suspicious cases and also to help monitor the patients, after adherence to a gluten-free diet. Since the current treatment consists of a life-long glutenfree diet, which leads to significant clinical and histological improvement, the standardization of an assay to assess in an unequivocal way gluten in gluten-free foodstuff is of major importance.

An electrochemical deamidated gliadin antibody immunosensor for celiac disease clinical diagnosis

The first electrochemical immunosensor (EI) for the detection of antibodies against deamidated gliadin peptides (DGP) is described here. A disposable nanohybrid screen-printed carbon electrode modified with DGP was employed as the transducer's sensing surface. Real serumsampleswere successfully assayed and the results were corroborated with an ELISA kit. The presented EI is a promising analytical tool for celiac disease diagnosis.

Multiplexed electrochemical immunosensor for detection of celiac disease serological markers

Celiac disease (CD) is a gluten-induced autoimmune enteropathy characterized by the presence of antibodies against gliadin (AGA) and anti-tissue transglutaminase (anti-tTG) antibodies. A disposable electrochemical dual immunosensor for the simultaneous detection of IgA and IgG type AGA and antitTG antibodies in real patient’s samples is presented. The proposed immunosensor is based on a dual screen-printed carbon electrode, with two working electrodes, nanostructured with a carbon–metal hybrid system that worked as the transducer surface. The immunosensing strategy consisted of the immobilization of gliadin and tTG (i.e. CD specific antigens) on the nanostructured electrode surface. The electrochemical detection of the human antibodies present in the assayed serum samples was carried out through the antigen–antibody interaction and recorded using alkaline phosphatase labelled anti-human antibodies and a mixture of 3-indoxyl phosphate with silver ions was used as the substrate. The analytical signal was based on the anodic redissolution of enzymatically generated silver by cyclic voltammetry. The results obtained were corroborated with commercial ELISA kits indicating that the developed sensor can be a good alternative to the traditional methods allowing a decentralization of the analyses towards a point-of-care strategy.

Vulnerabilidade dos sistemas dunares da praia do Meco

Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente, perfil de Engenharia Ecológica

Bestiários dispersos em obras de Gabriel García Márquez, Horacio Quiroga, José Cardoso Pires e Miguel Torga

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Línguas, Literaturas e Culturas, área de especialização em Estudos Ibéricos e Ibero-Americanos

Travels of Ruiz, Pavón, and Dombey in Peru and Chile (1777-1788) / by Hipólito Ruiz ; with an epilogue and official documents added by Agustín Jesús Barreiro ; translation by B.E. Dahlgren.

v.21(1940)

The Inflation Bias under Calvo and Rotemberg Pricing.

New Keynesian models rely heavily on two workhorse models of nominal inertia - price contracts of random duration (Calvo, 1983) and price adjustment costs (Rotemberg, 1982) - to generate a meaningful role for monetary policy. These alternative descriptions of price stickiness are often used interchangeably since, to a first order of approximation they imply an isomorphic Phillips curve and, if the steady-state is efficient, identical objectives for the policy maker and as a result in an LQ framework, the same policy conclusions. In this paper we compute time-consistent optimal monetary policy in bench-mark New Keynesian models containing each form of price stickiness. Using global solution techniques we find that the inflation bias problem under Calvo contracts is significantly greater than under Rotemberg pricing, despite the fact that the former typically significant exhibits far greater welfare costs of inflation. The rates of inflation observed under this policy are non-trivial and suggest that the model can comfortably generate the rates of inflation at which the problematic issues highlighted in the trend inflation literature emerge, as well as the movements in trend inflation emphasized in empirical studies of the evolution of inflation. Finally, we consider the response to cost push shocks across both models and find these can also be significantly different. The choice of which form of nominal inertia to adopt is not innocuous.

Consumers’ sensory acceptability of pork from immunocastrated male pigs

Boar taint is the off-odour or off flavour of cooked pork. Currently, the most common method of controlling boar taint is surgical castration. However, immunocastration has been used in some parts of the world as an alternative to surgical castration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensory acceptability of meat from immunocastrated pigs (IM) compared with meat from females (FE), surgically castrated (CM) and entire males (EM). Twenty animals of each type were evaluated by 201 consumers in 20 sessions. Longissimus thoracis muscle of the different animals was cooked in an oven at 180 °C for 10 min. Consumers scored the odour and the flavour of the meat in a 9-point category scale without an intermediate level. There were no significant differences in consumer’s evaluation of meat from IM, CM, and FE. In contrast, EM meat presented a higher percentage of dissatisfied scores and was significantly (P & 0.05) less accepted than meat from CM, IM and FE. Consumers’ acceptability of EM meat was always lower, independently of its androstenone levels. However meat with low levels of androstenone was more accepted that meat with medium or high levels of this substance. It can be concluded that immunocastration produced pork that was accepted by the consumers, and was indistinguishable from pork from CM or FE.

La reconstrucción del espejo: el cuento español en la Antología de cuentistas españoles contemporáneos de Francisco García Pavón

El presente trabajo ofrece un estudio exhaustivo de la Antología de cuentistas españoles contemporáneos, de Francisco García Pavón, obra que contribuyó en su día a la difusión y consolidación del cuento en nuestro país. A través del análisis de las piezas contenidas en sus tres ediciones y de las relaciones que se establecen entre ellas, así como del estudio de la vida y la obra de cada uno de sus autores, puede observarse la evolución que ha experimentado el género en España desde los años de la primera posguerra hasta la década de los ochenta.

Selecció d'espais oberts a recuperar i propostes d'ús: una aproximació per anàlisi espacial i multicriteri

Dins de matrius eminentment forestals, els espais oberts agrícoles juguen un paper important diversificant els hàbitats i, de retruc, donant cabuda a l’ecosistema a un nombre d’espècies que d’ells depenen en tots o en alguns moments del seu cicle biològic. La pèrdua d’espais agrícoles tradicionals va més enllà de la pèrdua de varietats agrícoles i ramaderes i de flora arvense associada, i afecta també a molts d’altres organismes. A més de la seva importància directa en la biodiversitat, els espais oberts agrícoles també representen un trencament de la continuïtat del combustible i requereixen el manteniment de vies d’accés, tot coadjuvant a mantenir un paisatge amb un menor risc d’incendi. La zona d’estudi ha estat els Parcs Naturals de Sant Llorenç de Munt i L’Obac, i Garraf, Olèrdola i Foix. Hem considerat de forma simplificada el paisatge dels Parcs com a mosaics amb diferents fases (arbrat dens, arbustiu dens, espais oberts, roquissars i petites zones urbanes) i pressuposa que l’objectiu de la gestió dels Parcs és la conservació d’aquests mosaics i no la seva uniformització en paisatges forestals continus. Hem localitzat e inventariat els espais oberts agrícoles actius i abandonats (recentment i des de 1957) de la zona com a capes SIG, tot associant a cada espai el conjunt de característiques necessàries per la seva gestió i organitzant-los en una Base de Dades lligada a les capes SIG. Un cop fet això, i per tal d’ordenar les actuacions de recuperació, hem establert un sistema de priorització dels espais candidats a través d’anàlisi multi-criteri. En aquesta priorització, ha jugat un paper destacat l’impacte de l’eventual recuperació de cada espai en la geometria del mosaic, la qual cosa ha requerit anàlisi i simulació espacial. Finalment, hem elaborat un conjunt de projectes d’actuació en certs espais concrets per a que serveixin com a models d’actuació.

Estudio prospectivo de eficacia y seguridad de pegaptanib sodio en el tratamiento primario del edema macular secundario a trombosis venosa de la retina

Objectiu:Avaluar l’eficàcia i seguretat de pegaptanib de sodi en el tractament de l’edema macular secundari a obstrucció venosa de la retina (OVR). Mètode: Estudi prospectiu de 16 pacients amb edema macular secundari a OVR tractats mitjançant injeccions intravítrees de pegaptanib de sodi 1mg (0’05ml) a demanda amb un període de seguiment mínim de 6 mesos. Resultat: Millora significativa de l’agudesa visual i del perfil foveal en els nostres pacients. No alarmes de seguretat noves. Conclusions: Pegaptanib de sodi sembla proporcionar beneficis anatòmics i funcionals en el tractament de l’edema macular secundari a trombosis venosa de la retina.