Crescimento econômico e desigualdade entre gêneros no Brasil: uma abordagem através da curva de kuznets

Este trabalho busca apresentar a relação entre o crescimento econômico e a desigualdade de gênero, no Brasil durante o período de 1990 a 2012, verificando se esta relação apresenta-se como a Curva de Kuznets, isto é, se apresenta fases, crescimento da desigualdade de gênero e decrescimento da desigualdade de gênero conforme ocorre o crescimento econômico no país. Através do método de Mínimos Quadrados Ordinários (MQO) será estimado um modelo quadrático e um modelo cúbico, buscando testar se a hipótese da Curva de Kuznets apresentará o formato de “U” invertido ou o formato de “S” da curva adaptada de Kuznets para gênero. Os resultados obtidos mostram que o Brasil se encontra, possivelmente, entre a primeira fase e a segunda fase da relação entre o crescimento econômico e a desigualdade de gênero, neste período, apresentando o formato de “U” invertido.

Ecologia reprodutiva do peixe-donzela, Stegastes fuscus cuvier, 1830 (osteichthyes: pomacentridae) em arrecifes rochosos da praia de Búzios, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil

The reproductive ecology of fish plays a key role both for rational exploitation methods and for protective measures of natural stocks. The purpose of this study was to analyze the reproductive aspects of the damsel-fish, Stegastes fuscus, during October 2004 to September 2005, in the coastal rocky reefs of Búzios Beach, Nísia Floresta, RN. Fish were captured using hooks and hand nets, during low tide. Reproduction was determined using sexual ratio, mean length of first maturation (L50), absolute fecundity and macroscopic characteristics of gonads. The following parameters were related to gonadosomatic index (GSI): condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), rain fall and temperature. In relation to sex distribution, it was observed that 78% were females and 22% were males. The L50 was 6.2 cm for females and 7.0 for males. Average fecundity was 6832 oocytes. Results showed that S. fuscus had better body condition in the months prior to spawning, particularly during initial and intermediate stages of maturation. Five stages of gonadal maturation were identified through macroscopic analysis: immature, in maturation, mature, spent and resting. The HSI was inversely related to the GSI. This was possibly due to the reproductive cycle of this species which was associated to the dry period of this region. During this period, low rain fall and high temperatures provide an propitious reproductive condition for the study species

As Santas Casas da Misericórdia na República Brasileira 1922-1945

O principal objectivo desta dissertação é o de conhecer um pouco melhor o processo de implementação das Santas Casas de Misericórdia no Brasil, dando especial ênfase à sua expansão durante o período de consolidação da República brasileira, mais concretamente entre 1922 a 1945. A necessária contextualização levou a pesquisa sobre as Misericórdias até à fase colonial e imperial do Brasil, acabando por demonstrar que as mesmas se fortaleceram no segmento de assistência médica, durante o período em análise, tomando o Estado brasileiro dependente das suas actividades. Este trabalho discute ainda o imaginário social da caridade e filantropia e a forma como tais preceitos configuraram a assistência médico-social no país. ABSTRACT; This dissertation aims to better know the implementation process of the Santas Casas de Misericórdia in Brazil, highlighting their expansion during the Republic, mainly between 1922 and 1945. For a better historical contextualization the study explores the Brazil's colonial and imperial phases, demonstrating that the Misericórdias progressively strength their power in the medical assistance segment, becoming the State dependent of their activities. The dissertation also discusses the philanthropy and charity's collective social imagery, as well as the way in which such concepts shaped the medico-social assistance in the country.

Cooperação e competição entre políticas no Brasil: os custos da governabilidade no presidencialismo de coalizão

Public policies have been studied in the various fields of humanities and social sciences, from different theoretical and technical aspects. However, there is still a lack of studies that incorporate the dimension that encompasses the political action and its interference in such actions, also recognizing the importance of the institutional setting of the Brazilian presidential model in implementing these policies. This fragmented and multiparty system has led to power heterogeneous sets of political parties. Thus, the ministerial offices, more than assisting the President´s government project, manage particularized agendas, which are party biased and have the influence of interest groups in hegemonic themes addressed by government agencies. When these agendas operate in sectoral and specialized policies, the friction level is apparently low. However, when this occurs in intersectoral actions, such as in regional development, there is evidence of strong signs of competition among government agencies, which in theory, should operate in an integrated manner. Although this is not a specific feature of Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva´s government- the period to be studied- there was similar behavior in Fernando Henrique Cardoso´s presidency, one realizes that the expansion of coalition on behalf of governance is increasingly interfering in the outcome of intersectoral public policies, due to these multiple arguments in action. In order to understand these processes, this study focused on the Sustainable and Integrated Development Programme for Differentiated Meso-Regions (PROMESO), part of the National Policy for Regional Development (NPRD). The program provides interface with various government agencies and their public policies in a clear intersectoral design. The research sought to identify and analyze the relationships between government agencies and their programs with interest groups, whether political parties or other segments of civil society, highlighting the logic of favoritism, which poses in second place the integration of actions in the intersectoral policies. Therefore, besides the theoretical debate that incorporates several categories of political science, public administration, public policy, geography and economics, the study focused on secondary sources, using different government agencies databases in order to raise information. It was observed that the interference of partisan politics has been disastrous for some public policies. Thus, the research confirms that cooperative character is fragile within government agencies, often limited to official documents, and that there is indeed, a striking feature of competition, especially when it comes to transversalized policies

El reconocimiento social de los curanderos y la construcción de una identidad médica en el siglo XIX en Brasil

El artículo intenta discutir la formación de la identidad médica a partir del análisis del proceso de descalificación oficial de los curanderos y de los esfuerzos por diferenciar el conocimiento médico de la llamada charlatanería en Río de Janeiro de la primera mitad del siglo XIX. En este sentido, se trata de señalar la diferencia entre el período en que las actividades de los curanderos eran legitimadas por la Fisicatura-mor (órgano del gobierno responsable por la normatividad de las prácticas de cura) a partir de la concesión de licencias a los mismos y luego para el momento en que los médicos organizados en instituciones y articulados políticamente comienzan el proceso de descalificación de los curanderos populares y también en la apropiación de sus conocimientos. El artículo analiza las licencias y peticiones así como discursos de políticos del período para demostrar la búsqueda de la hegemonía social del conocimiento médico, principalmente por la asociación del conocimiento de las plantas dominadas por los curanderos populares y la legitimidad de la población hacia ellos.

Direito como efetividade e luta pela terra no Brasil

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, 2016.