La intervención específica en el proceso lector : repercusiones en la expresión escrita.

Resumen tomado de la publicación. Resumen en inglés. Monográfico: La normativa

Adaptació específica del Pràcticum de la UdL en les noves titulacions de grau

El present projecte està constituït, en la seva majoria, pel professorat implicat en les pràctiques tutelades o en els diferents programes de cooperació educativa Universitat-Empresa que la Universitat de Lleida ve impartint des del curs acadèmic 1995-1996. A partir de la dilatada experiència dels membres del grup es vol fer una aproximació a la planificació del pràcticum. Per tant, l'objectiu principal del projecte és l'adaptació del pràcticum de la Universitat de Lleida en els Graus de Administració i Direcció d'Empreses, Enginyeria Informàtica, Enginyeria Industrial, Enginyeria de l'Edificació, Biotecnologia i Tecnologia dels Aliments, considerant les especificitats pròpies de cada perfil formatiu i professional. Es tracta, doncs, de redissenyar o adaptar els programes de pràcticum d'aquestes titulacions per adequar-los als nous perfils competencials a l'empara de l'EEES. Per això, aquest document s'ha estructurat en quatre apartats. En el primer s'ha recopilat la normativa vigent que regula el pràcticum, en un segon apartat s'han analitzat els objectius i competències que es volen assolir amb el pràcticum, a continuació es proposa una organització acadèmica que, finalment, quedarà documentada amb la documentació bàsica del procés

Prediction of postprandial blood glucose under intra-patient variability and uncertainty and its use in the design of insulin dosing strategies for type 1 diabetic patients

In this thesis I propose a novel method to estimate the dose and injection-to-meal time for low-risk intensive insulin therapy. This dosage-aid system uses an optimization algorithm to determine the insulin dose and injection-to-meal time that minimizes the risk of postprandial hyper- and hypoglycaemia in type 1 diabetic patients. To this end, the algorithm applies a methodology that quantifies the risk of experiencing different grades of hypo- or hyperglycaemia in the postprandial state induced by insulin therapy according to an individual patient’s parameters. This methodology is based on modal interval analysis (MIA). Applying MIA, the postprandial glucose level is predicted with consideration of intra-patient variability and other sources of uncertainty. A worst-case approach is then used to calculate the risk index. In this way, a safer prediction of possible hyper- and hypoglycaemic episodes induced by the insulin therapy tested can be calculated in terms of these uncertainties.

Zooplankton structure and dynamics in Mediterranean marshes (Empordà Wetlands): a size-based approach

Zooplankton community structure (composition, diversity, dynamics and trophic relationships) of Mediterranian marshes, has been analysed by means of a size based approach. In temporary basins the shape of the biomass-size spectra is related to the hydrological cycle. Linear shape spectra are more frequent in flooding situations when nutrient input causes population growth of small-sized organisms, more than compensating for the effect of competitive interactions. During confinement conditions the scarcity of food would decrease zooplankton growth and increase intra- and interspecific interactions between zooplankton organisms which favour the greatest sizes thus leading to the appearance of curved shape spectra. Temporary and permanent basins have similar taxonomic composition but the latter have higher species diversity, a more simplified temporal pattern and a size distribution dominated mainly by smaller sizes. In permanents basins zooplankton growth is not only conditioned by the availability of resources but by the variable predation of planktivorous fish, so that the temporal variability of the spectra may also be a result of temporal differences in fish predation. Size diversity seems to be a better indicator of the degree of this community structure than species diversity. The tendency of size diversity to increase during succession makes it useful to discriminate between different succession stages, fact that is not achieved by analysing only species diversity since it is low both under large and frequent or small and rare disturbances. Amino acid composition differences found among stages of copepod species indicate a gradual change in diet during the life cycle of these copepods, which provide evidence of food niche partitioning during ontogeny, whereas Daphnia species show a relatively constant amino acid composition. There is a relationship between the degree of trophic niche overlap among stages of the different species and nutrient concentration. Copepods, which have low trophic niche overlap among stages are dominant in food-limited environments, probably because trophic niche partitioning during development allow them to reduce intraspecific competition between adults, juveniles and nauplii. Daphnia species are only dominant in water bodies or periods with high productivity, probably due to the high trophic niche overlap between juveniles and adults. These findings suggest that, in addition to the effect of interspecific competition, predation and abiotic factors, the intraspecific competition might play also an important role in structuring zooplankton assemblages.

Igarapés de Manaus – uma oportunidade de ação intra-urbana

Este trabalho toma como base para reflexão uma intervenção na área dos Igarapés de Manaus desenvolvido pelo Governo do Estado com co-financiamento e apoio do Banco Interamericano de Desenvolvimento. Sem mecanismos adequados para atender ao crescimento urbano e habitacional para uma população que quintuplicou de 1970 a 2003, passando de 300.000 habitantes para quase 1,5 milhões (50% da população do Estado), a cidade sofreu com sistemáticas invasões de terras, originando situações de grande vulnerabilidade ambiental. A ocupação dessas áreas sem aptidão para ocupação urbana, representa um grave problema ambiental, urbanístico e social para a cidade. O Plano Diretor Municipal, recentemente concluído em 2002, prevê Áreas de Especial Interesse Social, e abre caminho para o desenvolvimento de legislação apropriada. O projeto em questão oferece uma boa oportunidade para testar uma abordagem inovadora no tratamento da problemática . Pretende-se fazer uma reflexão que se centra basicamente no desafio de promover uma ação ambientalmente adequada e socialmente integradora, com ênfase na promoção da regularidade jurídica e urbanística. Dessa forma o trabalho abordará as seguintes questões: como compatibilizar necessidades territoriais locais com as do conjunto da cidade, que oportunidades existem para a regularização fundiária e urbanística; e como mediar a preservação ambiental com equidade e justiça social.

Las fronteras intra-andinas: avances y retrocesos (Otros Temas)

El artículo analiza el proceso de integración fronteriza en la CAN partiendo de sus antecedentes y señalando las fortalezas y debilidades que lo han acompañado. La autora realiza un análisis de la importancia que el tema tiene para Colombia debido a que es este país el que más fronteras andinas comparte y el que presenta un intenso conflicto cuyos efectos se sienten en los países vecinos. Finalmente formula algunas sugerencias para el manejo de los asuntos fronterizos en la CAN a corto, mediano y largo plazo.

Pautas para una regulación específica de las cooperativa de ahorro y crédito cerradas en el Ecuador

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito generar las pautas para una regulación específica de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito cerradas en el Ecuador, para viabilizar la nueva normativa legal que rige al Sistema Financiero Nacional, dentro del cual se incluye a las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito como integrantes del sector popular y solidario. Al inicio se hace un análisis del origen del cooperativismo a nivel mundial y en el Ecuador; detallando sus bases ideológicas que lo convierte en un sistema económico distinto; se hace un estudio de la Identidad Cooperativa que corresponde a sus valores principios universales; a partir de esta información se establece su ubicación en la legislación ecuatoriana y la diferenciación con otras organizaciones económicas, determinación de la naturaleza jurídica de las cooperativas de ahorro y crédito. El análisis continúa con el estudio de las regulaciones emitidas en el Ecuador, con respecto a las actividades permitidas a estas cooperativas financieras, estableciendo la falta de especificidad y falencias en la emisión de tales normas. Esta investigación concluye con la generación de pautas para la emisión de regulaciones específicas, haciendo un aporte a las entidades públicas encargadas de la regulación para que través de sus gestión se fortalezca el Sistema Financiero Nacional, sin desvirtuar la esencia de las empresas cooperativas financieras con interés social, en los temas de: actividades financieras y complementarias, gobierno cooperativo y responsabilidad social.

Intra-Euro rebalancing is inevitable, but insufficient. Bruegel Policy Contribution 2012/15, August 2012

Greece, Portugal and Spain face a serious risk of external solvency due to their close to minus 100 percent of GDP net negative international investment positions, which are largely composed of debt. The perceived inability of these countries to rebalance their external positions is a major root of the euro crisis. Intra-euro rebalancing through declines in unit labour costs (ULC) in southern Europe, and ULC increases in northern Europe should continue, but has limits because: The share of intra-euro trade has declined. Intra-euro trade balances have already adjusted to a great extent. The intra-euro real exchange rates of Greece, Portugal and Spain have also either already adjusted or do not indicate significant appreciations since 2000. There are only two main current account surplus countries, Germany and the Netherlands. A purely intra-euro adjustment strategy would require too-significant wage increases in northern countries and wage declines in southern countries, which do not seem to be feasible. Before the crisis, the euro was significantly overvalued despite the close-to balanced current account position. The euro has depreciated recently, but more is needed to support the extra-euro trade of southern euro-area members. A weaker euro would also boost exports, growth, inflation and wage increases in Germany, thereby helping further intra-euro adjustment and the survival of the euro.