Avaliação de técnicas de classificação digital de imagens landsat em diferentes padrões de cobertura da terra em Rondônia

Dados de sensoriamento remoto têm sido largamente utilizados para classificação da cobertura e uso da terra, em particular graças à aquisição periódica de imagens de satélite e à generalização dos sistemas de processamento digital de imagens, que oferecem uma variedade de algoritmos de classificação de imagens. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar alguns dos métodos mais comuns de classificações supervisionadas e não supervisionadas para imagens do sensor TM do satélite Landsat-5, em três áreas com diferentes padrões de paisagem em Rondônia: (1) áreas de fazendas de "Médio porte", (2) assentamentos no padrão "Espinha de peixe" e (3) áreas de contato entre floresta e "Cerrado". A comparação com um mapa de referência baseado na estatística Kappa produziu indicadores de desempenho bons ou superiores (melhores resultados - K-médias: k = 0,68; k = 0,77; k = 0,64 e MaxVer: k = 0,71; k = 0,89; k = 0,70, respectivamente nas três áreas citadas), para os algoritmos utilizados. Os resultados indicaram que a escolha de um algoritmo deve considerar tanto a capacidade de discriminar várias assinaturas espectrais em diferentes padrões de paisagem quanto a relação custo/benefício decorrente das várias etapas do trabalho dos operadores que elaboram um mapa de cobertura e uso da terra. Este trabalho apontou a necessidade de esforço mais sistemático de avaliação prévia de várias opções de execução de um projeto específico antes de se iniciar o trabalho de elaboração de um mapa de cobertura e uso da terra.

Costs and Benefits of a Shared Digital Long-Term Preservation System

This paper describes the cost-benefit analysis of digital long-term preservation (LTP) that was carried out in the context of the Finnish National Digital Library Project (NDL) in 2010. The analysis was based on the assumption that as many as 200 archives, libraries, and museums will share an LTP system. The term ‘system’ shall be understood as encompassing not only information technology, but also human resources, organizational structures, policies and funding mechanisms. The cost analysis shows that an LTP system will incur, over the first 12 years, cumulative costs of €42 million, i.e. an average of €3.5 million per annum. Human resources and investments in information technology are the major cost factors. After the initial stages, the analysis predicts annual costs of circa €4 million. The analysis compared scenarios with and without a shared LTP system. The results indicate that a shared system will have remarkable benefits. At the development and implementation stages, a shared system shows an advantage of €30 million against the alternative scenario consisting of five independent LTP solutions. During the later stages, the advantage is estimated at €10 million per annum. The cumulative cost benefit over the first 12 years would amount to circa €100 million.

Comparação entre análise de tronco digital e convencional em árvores de mimosa scabrella bentham e pinus taeda L.

A análise completa de tronco é bastante aplicada em estudos de crescimento de espécies florestais que apresentam anéis de crescimento distinguíveis. As medições dos anéis são feitas manualmente com régua milimetrada, procedimento estabelecido como convencional. Porém, Rosot et al. (2003) desenvolveram procedimentos para que essas medições sejam feitas por programas de computador, trazendo avanço significativo para a aplicação da técnica. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar as medições manuais com as digitais em análise de tronco de Mimosa scabrella e Pinus taeda. Seis árvores de cada espécie foram utilizadas, e as diferenças entre os dois procedimentos para DAP (cm), altura total (m), área transversal (cm²) e volume (cm³) de cada anel de crescimento foram comparadas com um teste t(0,05)de dados pareados. As diferenças entre as medições manuais e as digitais foram significativas apenas para o volume do P. taeda em algumas idades. Os resultados indicam que a anatro digital é uma boa opção para a anatro convencional, demandando pessoa treinada para utilizar as ferramentas de Sistema de Informações Geográficas (SIG).

Regionalização de vazões com base em modelo digital de elevação para a bacia do Rio Paraíba do Sul

A regionalização de vazões tem sido realizada com o objetivo de disponibilizar informações hidrológicas em locais sem dados ou com poucas informações disponíveis, porém a determinação das características físicas das bacias de drenagem para cada local de interesse limita consideravelmente a aplicação dos resultados de um estudo convencional de regionalização de vazões. Uma das soluções para esse problema é a automação do processo de delimitação de bacias, utilizando-se de modelo digital de elevação hidrologicamente consistente (MDEHC). O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi a regionalização de vazões máxima, mínima e média de longo período e da curva de permanência para a bacia hidrográfica do Rio Paraíba do Sul, a montante da cidade de Volta Redonda, com base em um MDEHC. O modelo digital de elevação mostrou-se hidrologicamente consistente, possibilitando, assim, a determinação automática das características físicas da bacia. Foram identificadas quatro regiões hidrologicamente homogêneas e obtidas equações de regressão em que a área de drenagem e o comprimento do curso d'água principal se caracterizaram como as variáveis mais expressivas para a representação das diversas variáveis e funções regionalizadas.

Digitisation at NLF and the National Digital Library

Esitys Bulgarian kirjastoseuran seminaarissa 15.3.2012

Comparison between hydrographically conditioned digital elevation models in the morphometric charaterization of watersheds

The aim of this study was to compare the hydrographically conditioned digital elevation models (HCDEMs) generated from data of VNIR (Visible Near Infrared) sensor of ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer), of SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) and topographical maps from IBGE in a scale of 1:50,000, processed in the Geographical Information System (GIS), aiming the morphometric characterization of watersheds. It was taken as basis the Sub-basin of São Bartolomeu River, obtaining morphometric characteristics from HCDEMs. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and cross validation were the statistics indexes used to evaluate the quality of HCDEMs. The percentage differences in the morphometric parameters obtained from these three different data sets were less than 10%, except for the mean slope (21%). In general, it was observed a good agreement between HCDEMs generated from remote sensing data and IBGE maps. The result of HCDEM ASTER was slightly higher than that from HCDEM SRTM. The HCDEM ASTER was more accurate than the HCDEM SRTM in basins with high altitudes and rugged terrain, by presenting frequency altimetry nearest to HCDEM IBGE, considered standard in this study.

Emancipating and developing learning activity: Systemic intervention and re-instrumentation in higher education.

The central theme of this thesis is the emancipation and further development of learning activity in higher education in the context of the ongoing digital transformation of our societies. It was developed in response to the highly problematic mainstream approach to digital re-instrumentation of teaching and studying practises in contemporary higher education. The mainstream approach is largely based on centralisation, standardisation, commoditisation, and commercialisation, while re-producing the general patterns of control, responsibility, and dependence that are characteristic for activity systems of schooling. Whereas much of educational research and development focuses on the optimisation and fine-tuning of schooling, the overall inquiry that is underlying this thesis has been carried out from an explicitly critical position and within a framework of action science. It thus conceptualises learning activity in higher education not only as an object of inquiry but also as an object to engage with and to intervene into from a perspective of intentional change. The knowledge-constituting interest of this type of inquiry can be tentatively described as a combination of heuristic-instrumental (guidelines for contextualised action and intervention), practical-phronetic (deliberation of value-rational aspects of means and ends), and developmental-emancipatory (deliberation of issues of power, self-determination, and growth) aspects. Its goal is the production of orientation knowledge for educational practise. The thesis provides an analysis, argumentation, and normative claim on why the development of learning activity should be turned into an object of individual|collective inquiry and intentional change in higher education, and why the current state of affairs in higher education actually impedes such a development. It argues for a decisive shift of attention to the intentional emancipation and further development of learning activity as an important cultural instrument for human (self-)production within the digital transformation. The thesis also attempts an in-depth exploration of what type of methodological rationale can actually be applied to an object of inquiry (developing learning activity) that is at the same time conceptualised as an object of intentional change within the ongoing digital transformation. The result of this retrospective reflection is the formulation of “optimally incomplete” guidelines for educational R&D practise that shares the practicalphronetic (value related) and developmental-emancipatory (power related) orientations that had been driving the overall inquiry. In addition, the thesis formulates the instrumental-heuristic knowledge claim that the conceptual instruments that were adapted and validated in the context of a series of intervention studies provide means to effectively intervene into existing practise in higher education to support the necessary development of (increasingly emancipated) networked learning activity. It suggests that digital networked instruments (tools and services) generally should be considered and treated as transient elements within critical systemic intervention research in higher education. It further argues for the predominant use of loosely-coupled, digital networked instruments that allow for individual|collective ownership, control, (co-)production, and re-use in other contexts and for other purposes. Since the range of digital instrumentation options is continuously expanding and currently shows no signs of an imminent slow-down or consolidation, individual and collective exploration and experimentation of this realm needs to be systematically incorporated into higher education practise.

Positron measurements in Mg-doped GaN and development of digital Doppler broadening spectroscopy

In this work parameters of Mg-doped GaN samples were studied using positron annihilation spectroscopy and analyzed. It is shown that gallium vacancies exist in an unintentionally doped sample. Next, the sample with higher concentration of Mg and low growth temperature contains vacancy clusters. In case of low concentration of Mg the growth temperature does not affect the formation of defects. Analog electronics can be replaced by a modern digital device. While promising a high quantity of benefits, the performance of these digitizers requires thorough adjustment. A 14-bit two channel digitizer has been tested in order to achieve better performance than the one of a traditional analog setup, and the adjustment process is described. It has been shown that the digital device is unable to achieve better energy resolution, but it is quite close to the corresponding attribute of the available analog system, which had been used for measurements in Mg-doped GaN.

Mobile learning and video experience in delivering digital content

In recent years, the worldwide distribution of smartphone devices has been growing rapidly. Mobile technologies are evolving fast, a situation which provides new possibilities for mobile learning applications. Along with new delivery methods, this development enables new concepts for learning. This study focuses on the effectiveness and experience of a mobile learning video promoting the key features of a specific device. Through relevant learning theories, mobile technologies and empirical findings, the thesis presents the key elements for a mobile learning video that are essential for effective learning. This study also explores how previous experience with mobile services and knowledge of a mobile handset relate to final learning results. Moreover, this study discusses the optimal delivery mechanisms for a mobile video. The target group for the study consists of twenty employees of a Sanoma Company. The main findings show that the individual experience of learning and the actual learning results may differ and that the design for certain video elements, such as sound and the presentation of technical features, can have an impact on the experience and effectiveness of a mobile learning video. Moreover, a video delivery method based on cloud technologies and HTML5 is suggested to be used in parallel with standalone applications.

Focus on Users – The National Digital Library of Finland

Heli Kautosen esitys Digital Humanities 2012 -konferenssissa Hampurissa 20.7.2012

The National Digital Library of Finland – Public Interface FINNA

Aki Lassilan esitys IFLA-konferenssissa Helsingissä 14.8.2012.