Parâmetros de controle de qualidade de Cucurbita ficifolia Bouhé para fitoterápicos

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição Humana, 2015.

Projeto café do trabalhador como promotor de segurança alimentar e nutricional: avaliação da eficácia da unidade Natal-RN

The evaluation of public policies that promote Food Security and Nutrition (FSN) it s a multidisciplinary activity extremely relevant to the effectiveness of actions to legitimize the Human Right to Adequate Food (HRAF). This study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the unit project Natal-RN Café do Trabalhador in promoting SAN to its users. The theoretical framework is based on the public and political and on the dimensions of the concept of FSN (quantity and quality-regularity). Through a qualitative approach, methodologically this was the work of an evaluation of efficiency of the unit Natal-RN of Café do Trabalhador project in light of the assumptions of the concept of SAN. Data collection was conducted through retrospective archival research in official documents of the project, semi-structured interviews with managers involved in its implementation (representative of the Secretary of State for Employment, Housing and Care of RN SETHAS and third party), socioeconomic questionnaire applied to the users of the unit, check the amount, regularity and quality of meals offered for 15 days (menu routine) using the descriptive form menu and form filling type checklist for verification of compliance with good practices . Methods of analysis, we used content analysis, descriptive statistics and compared to previously established parameters for the project. As categories of analysis were defined organizational arrangement, access, user, food quantity-regularity and food quality. The results show that, it was found in the category arrangement that will implement the project dismissed technical criteria for choosing the districts and the quantitative distribution of meals for each location. It was found that the valuation of the shares of the company outsources technical SETHA has not been performed. We observed in the access category, the unit has a strategic location, but lack of space in the refectory. The main obstacle to economic access for users is the lack of a register for the beneficiaries. In the category of users, it was identified that the clientele of the project it is predominantly men, with more than 51 years, low education, earning wages less 1 obtained through informal employment, which they move up through the unit transport collective, go to all days of operation due primarily to price. About the meals category quantity-regularity of food showed that the menu serves 95% of the desired needs, and that holidays and weekends are periods of disrupting the regularity of supply of meals. Regarding the category of food quality, it was found that the nutritional aspect on the menu are food sources rich in sodium, nitrates and low in fiber. In the aspect of hygiene and sanitation are the main limitations related to waste management, lack of exposure controls of food prepared and inadequacies of the physical structure. The results showed that in general and the institutional arrangement of the organs attached to the project should establish a systematic evaluation project is to establish as a promoter of and FSN overcome these obstacles

Plan de exportación de café procesado hacia Costa Rica. Caso ilustrativo.

Exportadora de Café posee un potencial de crecimiento en el extranjero, existe una oportunidad de desarrollo en la capital de Costa Rica, San José. La fortaleza más grande con la que cuenta la empresa es de poseer una base grande de clientes productores de café que cuentan con un alto grado de lealtad y buena cuota de mercado. Otra de sus fortalezas es la capacidad de respuesta a sus obligaciones a corto plazo. Su principal debilidad es el desconocimiento técnico y especializado en comercialización extranjera, además de un marketing deficiente. Los factores climatológicos y naturales como las distintas plagas son una gran amenaza para la empresa, además de la competencia intensa y aumento de las exportaciones mundiales; sin embargo, se debe tomar la oportunidad que brinda la exportación de café hacia otros países, por medio de la aplicación de nuevas tecnologías y técnicas para elevar la calidad del grano. Se recomienda introducir café en Costa Rica segmentando el mercado meta de la siguiente manera “hombres y mujeres que habiten en San José, Costa Rica, con edades de 18 años en adelante, con ingresos entre ₵ 286.467,36 ($ 541.53) y ₵ 323.978,14 ($ 612.44), que gusten de café y que prefieran comprarlo para preparar en casa a través de supermercados y pulperías que estén cercanas a su lugar de residencia, con una frecuencia de consumo diaria por la mañana y tarde”. En cuanto a las estrategias de marketing mix, en la estrategia del producto se recomienda exportar “Golden Coffee” con un cambio de imagen de la marca: tanto del empaque como del logo, ejecutando las normas del empacado del producto. En la estrategia del “Precio” se aconseja a la empresa establecer un precio similar a la competencia para poder competir con las empresas ya posicionadas en el mercado de Costa Rica. En la parte de la “Plaza” se exhorta a la empresa a ingresar por medio de distribuidores que tengan presencia en el mercado de Costa Rica, para poder llegar a la mayoría de clientes y ser un referente a la hora de comprar café de calidad. En la estrategia de la “Promoción” se sugiere implementar un plan de medios, brindando mecanismos sobre cómo se puede utilizar las diferentes herramientas de comunicación y las temporadas más idóneas de la marca para penetrar en el mercado objetivo. Se brinda un resumen del total de la inversión con el ingreso de la empresa en los cinco años del programa propuesto para Exportadora de café, totalizándose en$125,550.25.Las ventas proyectadas para el primer año son de $ 353,520.00 y para cuando sea el año 2021, las ventas habrán crecido hasta alcanzar los $ 441,900.00 Realizando una evaluación de proyectos financieramente, el valor actual neto de los flujos de efectivo generados es de $ 22,200.58. Por otro lado, la Tasa Interna de Retorno (TIR) es de19%, porcentaje queindica que el proceso exportador es viable en el mercado de San José Costa Rica.

Eficiência e razão de hedge: uma análise dos mercados futuro brasileiros de boi, café, etanol, milho e soja

This research aims to investigate the Hedge Efficiency and Optimal Hedge Ratio for the future market of cattle, coffee, ethanol, corn and soybean. This paper uses the Optimal Hedge Ratio and Hedge Effectiveness through multivariate GARCH models with error correction, attempting to the possible phenomenon of Optimal Hedge Ratio differential during the crop and intercrop period. The Optimal Hedge Ratio must be bigger in the intercrop period due to the uncertainty related to a possible supply shock (LAZZARINI, 2010). Among the future contracts studied in this research, the coffee, ethanol and soybean contracts were not object of this phenomenon investigation, yet. Furthermore, the corn and ethanol contracts were not object of researches which deal with Dynamic Hedging Strategy. This paper distinguishes itself for including the GARCH model with error correction, which it was never considered when the possible Optimal Hedge Ratio differential during the crop and intercrop period were investigated. The commodities quotation were used as future price in the market future of BM&FBOVESPA and as spot market, the CEPEA index, in the period from May 2010 to June 2013 to cattle, coffee, ethanol and corn, and to August 2012 to soybean, with daily frequency. Similar results were achieved for all the commodities. There is a long term relationship among the spot market and future market, bicausality and the spot market and future market of cattle, coffee, ethanol and corn, and unicausality of the future price of soybean on spot price. The Optimal Hedge Ratio was estimated from three different strategies: linear regression by MQO, BEKK-GARCH diagonal model, and BEKK-GARCH diagonal with intercrop dummy. The MQO regression model, pointed out the Hedge inefficiency, taking into consideration that the Optimal Hedge presented was too low. The second model represents the strategy of dynamic hedge, which collected time variations in the Optimal Hedge. The last Hedge strategy did not detect Optimal Hedge Ratio differential between the crop and intercrop period, therefore, unlikely what they expected, the investor do not need increase his/her investment in the future market during the intercrop

Modelo de empresa diversificada de productos innovadores de café gourmet

El presente trabajo de grado consiste en la elaboración de un modelo de empresa diversificada de tres productos innovadores hechos a base de café gourmet: Sirup de café, botanas de semillas de café y café instantáneo gourmet. En el modelo se detalla el estudio de mercado, la factibilidad técnica y el estudio socio económico para la elaboración del modelo

Chapolera recolectando café

Chapolera recolectando café. C. 1970.

Recolector de café

Recolector de café. C. 1990

Recolectores de café

Recolectores de café. C. 1995

Planta de café

Planta de café. observamos sus vivos y hermosos granos. Caicedonia. C. 1980.

Síntese e impregnação de peneiras moleculares Fe MCM-41 derivada de sílica da casca do arroz

The mesoporous molecular sieves of the MCM-41 and FeMCM-41 type are considered promissory as support for metals used as catalysts in oil-based materials refine processes and as adsorbents for environmental protection proposes. In this work MCM-41 and FeMCM41 were synthesized using rice husk ash - RHA as alternative to the conventional silica source. Hydrothermal synthesis was the method chosen to prepare the materials. Pre-defined synthesis parameters were 100°C for 168 hours, later the precursor was calcinated at 550°C for 2 hours under nitrogen and air flow. The sieves containing different proportions of iron were produced by two routes: introduction of iron salt direct synthesis; and a modification post synthesis consisting in iron salt 1 % and 5% impregnation in the material followed by thermal decomposition. The molecular sieves were characterized by X ray diffraction XRD, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR, X ray fluorescence spectroscopy XFR, scanning electronic microscopy SEM, specific surface area using the BET method, Termogravimetry TG. The kinetic model of Flynn Wall was used with the aim of determining the apparent activation energy of the surfactant remove (CTMABr) in the MCM- 41 porous. The analysis made possible the morphology characterization, identifying the presence of hexagonal structure typical for mesoporous materials, as well as observation of the MCM41 and iron of characteristic bands.

Obtenção de filtro cerâmico a partir da diatomita e casca de arroz carbonizada visando tratamento de efluente têxtil

The effluents released by the textile industry have high concentrations of alkali, carbohydrates, proteins, in addition to colors containing heavy metals. Therefore, a filter was prepared aiming primarily to the removal of color. In order to prepare this filter, rice hulls and diatomite were used, which have in their structure, basically amorphous hydrated silica. The silica exists in three crystalline forms: quartz, tridymite and cristobalite. In accordance with the above considerations, this study was divided into two stages; the first corresponds to the preparation of the filter and the second to carry out the tests in the effluent/filter in order to verify the efficiency of the color removal. First, the raw material was subjected to a chemical analysis and XRD, and then the diatomite was mixed, via humid, with a planetarium windmill with 20 %, 40 %, 60 % and 80 % of rice husk ash. To the mixture, 5 % carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was added as a binder at room temperature. The samples were uniaxially compacted into metallic matrix of 0.3 x 0.1 cm² of area at a pressure of 167 MPa by means of hydraulic press and then sintered at temperatures of 1,000 °C, 1,200 °C and 1,400 °C for 1 h and submitted to granulometry test using laser, linear retraction, water absorption, apparent porosity and resistance to bending, DTA, TMA and XRD. To examine the pore structure of the samples scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used. Also tests were carried out in a mercury porosimeter to verify the average size of the pores and real density of the samples. In the second stage, samples of the effluent were collected from a local industry, whose name will be preserved, located in Igapó, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte - RN. The effluent was first pretreated before filtration and then subjected to a treatment of flotation. The effluent was then characterized before and after filtration, with parameters of color, turbidity, suspended solids, pH, chemical and biochemical oxygen demand (COD and BOD). Thus, through the XRD analysis the formation of cristobalite α in all samples was observed. The best average size of pore was found to be 1.75 μm with 61.04 % apparent porosity, thus obtaining an average 97.9 % color removal and 99.8 % removal of suspended solid

PERCEPCIÓN DE LA DEMANDA EN LAS CADENAS AGROALIMENTARIAS: CASOS DE CAFÉ, CHAYOTE Y MELÓN EN COSTA RICA

Al analizar las cadenas agroindustriales encontramos que entre el consumidor final de los mercados de exportación y los  cultivadores en países en desarrollo, existen distintos agentes que componen la cadena global: comercializadores y procesadores internos, exportadores, importadores, procesadores y comercializadores externos, que modifican el producto o le incorporan valor agregado a efecto de satisfacer finalmente al consumidor final. Conocer las características del  negocio en las etapas finales de la cadena es de gran importancia porque el acceso a los mercados internacionales, la participación en los mismos y el porcentaje de apropiación de beneficios por parte de los agentes nacionales participantes en la cadena global está relacionado con dicho nivel de conocimiento y crece al aumentar el grado de satisfacción de lasnecesidades de orden superior que proporciona un producto. Este es un énfasis que metodológicamente ha sido olvidado en los estudios de las cadenas agroindustriales, que tienden a focalizar el análisis en la producción sin considerar  adecuadamente los aspectos de la demanda

Estudios sobre el café

"Bien se sabe cuán exigente es el café en todas las operaciones que con él se ejecutan: si cuando está tostándose, se retira del fuego antes de haber soltado el aceite esencial que contiene la cafeína, esto es, el principio excitante y aromático, todavía no es café; si deja tostar demasiado, ya nos es café; si se emplea agua impura o alterada por excesiva ebullición, el aroma y el sabor se pervierten; si se guarda la infusión por más de cierto tiempo, el gusto menos educado le encuentra sensibles cambios desfavorables; y así muchas otras hipótesis y reglas análogas." Rafael Uribe Uribe