Espesor macular medido con tomografía de coherencia óptica en ojos pseudoafáquicos con implante amarillo vs. transparente

Objetivo: Evaluar mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica (OCT) las variaciones de espesor macular producidas a lo largo del tiempo en ojos pseudoafáquicos implantados con una lente intraocular (LIO) transparente en comparación con sus respectivos ojos contralarerales implantados con LIO amarilla. Métodos: El espesor macular de 36 ojos de 18 sujetos fue evaluado mediante OCT. Los sujetos presentaban edades superiores a 65 años y habían sido intervenidos de cataratas en ambos ojos en 2 cirugías independientes. La principal característica de los individuos es que llevaban implantada una LIO con diferente absorción en cada ojo: transparente (absorbente de la radiación ultravioleta) y amarilla (con filtro adicional absorbente de las radiaciones violeta-azul del espectro visible). El espesor macular se evaluó en 2 sesiones separadas en el tiempo por un intervalo de tiempo de 5 años, mediante el sistema Stratus-OCT (protocolo fast macular thickness). Se analizaron estadísticamente las diferencias en la evolución del espesor macular entre ojos con diferente tipo de LIO. Resultados: Tras 5 años de seguimiento, se observó que los ojos implantados con LIO transparente manifestaban una reducción del espesor macular estadísticamente significativa, superior a la esperada por el aumento de la edad. Sin embargo, los ojos implantados con LIOs amarillas mantuvieron su espesor macular estable. La disminución del espesor macular promedio en ojos implantados con LIO transparente fue de 5 ± 8 μm (p = 0,02) y la reducción del espesor foveal fue de 10 ± 17 μm (p = 0,02). Conclusiones: Los cambios de espesor macular producidos en ojos implantados con una LIO amarilla difieren de los cambios manifestados en ojos con LIO transparente. Estas observaciones apuntan a un posible efecto protector de las LIOs amarillas contra los efectos dañinos de la luz en sujetos pseudoafáquicos. Sin embargo, estudios con un mayor tamaño muestral y mayor tiempo de seguimiento son necesarios para confirmar que la protección inducida por este tipo de LIO es clínicamente significativa.

Avaliação do estresse oxidativo induzido por superfícies de titânio

Commercially pure Titanium (cp Ti) is a material largely used in orthopedic and dental implants due to its biocompatibility properties. Changes in the surface of cp Ti can determine the functional response of the cells such as facilitating implant fixation and stabilization, and increased roughness of the surface has been shown to improve adhesion and cellular proliferation. Various surface modification methods have been developed to increase roughness, such as mechanical, chemical, electrochemical and plasma treatment. An argon plasma treatment generates a surface that has good mechanical proprieties without chemical composition modification. Besides the topography, biological responses to the implant contribute significantly to its success. Oxidative stress induced by the biomaterials is considered one of the major causes of implant failure. For this reason the oxidative potential of titanium surfaces subjected to plasma treatment was evaluated on this work. CHO-k1 cells were cultivated on smooth or roughed Ti disks, and after three days, the redox balance was investigated measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, total antioxidant capacity and biomarkers of ROS attack. The results showed cells grown on titanium surfaces are subjected to intracellular oxidative stress due to hydrogen peroxide generation. Titanium discs subjected to the plasma treatment induced less oxidative stress than the untreated ones, which resulted in improved cellular ability. Our data suggest that plasma treated titanium may be a more biocompatible biomaterial.

Impactos ambientales en la microcuenca del río Parafuso, Amazonas oriental, Brasil

The research analyzed the environmental impact on hydrographic microbasin of Parafuso stream at Moju county, Para State, Amazon (Brazil). Data were obtained using digital images, documentary research, questionnaires, semi structured interviews, direct observation and participatory mapping. The results showed that anthropogenic actions and population growth without planning, associated with not planned use of the natural resources, has been caused intense degradation in the physical, biological and anthropogenic environment. The identified springs of the Parafuso stream are difuse, temporary and altered. The parafuso stream network was classified at second order. Most of the environmental impacts identified are adverse character, of great importance, high magnitude and long duration. The physical environment is the most impacted. The major impacting activity is the agriculture, with long term damage in the physical and biological environment, in order of magnitude and importance.

O acesso de uma família de cristãos-novos portugueses à Ordem de Cristo

Traça-se o percurso social de uma família de mercadores cristãos-novos do final do séc. XVI até meados do séc. XVIII. Em meados do Seiscentos, os Serrões Pimentéis já eram militares e um deles foi cosmógrafo-mor do Reino. No início do séc. XVIII, um elemento da família conseguiu um hábito de Cristo, mas reprovou nas habilitações. O objetivo do artigo é analisar de que modos esta parentela lidou com o embaraço que constituía a sua origem cristã-nova e o insucesso referido.

Democratização do acesso ao ensino superior: os cursos de graduação à distância na UFRN

This thesis pursuits to contextualize the theoretical debate between the implementation of public education policy of the Federal Government focused in a distance learning and legal foundations for its enforcement, in order to raise questions and comments on the topic in question. Its importance is back to provide scientific input and can offer to the academy, particularly in the UFRN, and elements of society to question and rethink the complex relationship between the socio-economic and geographic access to higher education. It consists of a descriptive study on the institutionalization of distance education in UFRN as a mechanism for expanding access to higher education, for both, the research seeks to understand if the distance undergraduate courses offered by the UAB system and implemented at UFRN, promote expanding access to higher education, as it is during implementation that the rules, routines and social processes are converted from intentions to action. The discussion of this study lasted between two opposing views of Implementation models: Top-down and Bottom-up. It is worth noting that the documents PNE, PDE and programs and UAB MEETING reflect positively in improving the educational level of the population of the country It is a qualitative study, using the means Bibliographic, Document and Field Study, where they were performed 04 (four) in 2010 interviews with the management framework SEDIS / UAB in UFRN. The data were analyzed and addressed through techniques: Document Analysis and Content Analysis. The results show that the process of implementation of distance education at UFRN is in progress. According to our results, the research objective is achieved, but there was a need to rethink the conditions of the infrastructure of poles, the structure of the academic calendar, the management of the SEDIS UFRN, regarding the expansion of existing vacancies and the supply of new courses by the need for a redesign as the Secretariat's ability to hold the offerings of undergraduate courses offered by the Federal Government to be implemented in the institution. It was also found that levels of evasion still presents a challenge to the teaching model. Given the context, we concluded that the greatest contribution of UAB and consequently UFRN by distance learning for undergraduate courses (Bachelor in Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Geography and Biological Sciences, beyond the bachelor's degrees in Business and Public Administration ) is related to increasing the number of vacancies and accessibility of a population that was previously deprived of access to university

O argumento de inclusão enquanto política de acesso à universidade pública

There are a great number of evidences showing that education is extremely important in many economic and social dimensions. In Brazil, education is a right guaranteed by the Federal Constitution; however, in the Brazilian legislation the right to the three stages of basic education: Kindergarten, Elementary and High School is better promoted and supported than the right to education at College level. According to educational census data (INEP, 2009), 78% of all enrolments in College education are in private schools, while the reverse is found in High School: 84% of all matriculations are in public schools, which shows a contradiction in the admission into the universities. The Brazilian scenario presents that public universities receive mostly students who performed better and were prepared in elementary and high school education in private schools, while private universities attend students who received their basic education in public schools, which are characterized as low quality. These facts have led researchers to raise the possible determinants of student performance on standardized tests, such as the Brazilian Vestibular exam, to guide the development of policies aimed at equal access to College education. Seeking inspiration in North American models of affirmative action policies, some Brazilian public universities have suggested rate policies to enable and facilitate the entry of "minorities" (blacks, pardos1, natives, people of low income and public school students) to free College education. At the Federal University of the state Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), the first incentives for candidates from public schools emerged in 2006, being improved and widespread during the last 7 years. This study aimed to analyse and discuss the Argument of Inclution (AI) - the affirmative action policy that provides additional scoring for students from public schools. From an extensive database, the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique was used as well as a Quantile Regression considering as control the variables of personal, socioeconomic and educational characteristics of the candidates from the Brazilian Vestibular exam 2010 of the Federal University of the state Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). The results demonstrate the importance of this incentive system, besides the magnitude of other variables

O direito antitruste na economia digital : implicações concorrenciais do acesso a dados

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, 2016.

Desempenho e background familiar: um estudo no acesso a uma instituição de ensino técnico federal no Brasil

This paper comprises an investigation on the influence of the variable family backgrounds (father school level, mother school level and family income) over the pupil s performance in admissions examination (entrance test or PROITEC) at Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio Grande do Norte (IFRN). From that point of view, the main goal of this research is to analyze the influence of the family background as a determiner of the pupil´s performance in the access to Technical and Professional education at IFRN. Secondary data were used from two databases (entrance test and PROITEC) adding up to 19.226 observations to the vacancies offered in the year of 2013. Aiming at achieving the proposed goal, a conceptual model composed of three hypothesis was developed. The results were presented in four stages: stage I presentation of the descriptive statistical results of the two databases; stage II separation of the campi in clusters; stage III analysis of multiple regressions; stage IV analysis of the logistics regressions. Two statistical tests were used to validate the hypothesis: T-test and Wald test. Hypothesis 1 and 2 were confirmed and H3 was refused. The results presented favorable causal connections to the family income and the father school level variables (with bigger effect for fathers with a higher education degree). The mother school level variable did not provide statistical significance for this research. Based on this result, after this work, this institution is to develop a strategic plan to assist in the success rate of students preparing diagnoses in order to diminish the effects of the variables that impacted negatively

Análise de tensões em modelos biomecânicos osso-implante

Em áreas da medicina há processos cirúrgicos que envolvem a furação do tecido ósseo, dependendo o seu sucesso da conjugação de diferentes parâmetros. O esforço de corte na furação pode provocar dano no tecido ósseo. Utiliza-se um procedimento experimental para verificar o dano em tecidos ósseos submetidos a furações. São utilizados materiais compósitos com características similares ao osso cortical. Para a avaliação do dano ósseo serão obtidas as deformações na superfície da estrutura.

Controle social e transparência : avaliação do modelo de acesso à informação no Brasil

O objetivo principal deste estudo é avaliar se as medidas e ações implementadas pelos governantes para aperfeiçoar o modelo de governança pública brasileiro estão contribuindo para elevar o nível de controle social e de transparência na administração pública. Pressupomos que a promoção da transparência e do acesso à informação é uma medida essencial para o fortalecimento do controle social e da democracia, e por decorrência, para a melhoria da qualidade da gestão pública. Trata-se de um artigo teóricoempírico e bibliográfico, apoiado nas abordagens das teorias da governança, neoinstitucional e da agência. A partir da literatura, relatórios e das normas legais, buscamos identificar inicialmente as motivações que levaram à adaptação e transferência das experiências da governança corporativa para o setor público. Realizou-se, ainda, uma pesquisa de campo para avaliar a qualidades das informações das despesas públicas disponibilizadas pelos portais de transparência dos 200 municípios mais populosos do país. Conclui-se, por fim, que ainda existem inúmeros desafios e obstáculos a serem superados nos âmbitos sociocultural e institucional. Essas dificuldades são agravadas por deficiências de competência e de valores éticos e morais dos governantes e políticos, essenciais para viabilizar uma boa governança pública, elevar a transparência e aumentar o controle social no Brasil. _______________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

O acesso, posse e controle da terra das mulheres rurais nas comunidades do distrito de Inharrime

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Departamento de Serviço Social, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Política Social, 2016.

O acesso e a qualidade do ensino primário público em Angola (2002-2012) : estudo de caso das províncias de Benguela, Huambo, Bié e Moxico

Doutoramento em Estudos de Desenvolvimento

La comprensión de sentidos no literales en niños y adolescentes: un estudio comparativo con oyentes, sordos con implante coclear y sordos no implantados

Las dificultades que presenta la población sorda para interpretar los sentidos no literales han suscitado un interés reciente en los últimos años, y se han realizado bastantes estudios al respecto, aunque hay que señalar que todavía pocos de estos han cubierto un rango amplio de edad hasta llegar a considerar edades de adolescencia tardía. Asimismo, todavía son pocos los estudios que han investigado el efecto que el implante coclear tiene en el desarrollo de las habilidades de inferencia mentalista implicadas en habilidades complejas de teoría de la mente y en edades posteriores a la adolescencia. Este estudio introduce dos aspectos importantes: la inclusión de participantes sordos de un rango de edad amplio, llegando a los años de adolescencia muy tardía, y la consideración de niños y adolescentes tanto no implantados como usuarios de implante coclear. El presente estudio se centra, por una parte, en el análisis comparativo de las dificultades que tienen los niños y adolescentes sordos no implantados, los sordos implantados y los oyentes a la hora de comprender determinados tipos de enunciados deliberadamente falsos o sentidos no literales, concretamente la metáfora, la mentira y la ironía. El segundo gran centro de interés lo representa la identificación de las variables que explican el diferente nivel de rendimiento en la interpretación de estos sentidos en cada uno de los grupos de niños y adolescentes sordos considerados en esta investigación. Esta tesis consta de dos bloques: - Marco teórico En esta parte se realiza la exposición de las principales teorías pragmáticas que han ofrecido explicación de qué son y cómo se interpretan los sentidos no literales del lenguaje, y se hace una descripción de las variables que dan cuenta de su correcta comprensión. Asimismo, se hace una revisión de trabajos de investigación realizados con población sorda que han encontrado relaciones entre las habilidades de lenguaje, teoría de la mente y comprensión de los sentidos no literales del lenguaje. El marco teórico finaliza con el planteamiento de los objetivos e hipótesis derivadas de los mismos sobre los que se basado el estudio empírico. - Estudios empírico En esta parte se presentan, en primer lugar, las características de los participantes que han sido incluidos en el estudio (niños y adolescentes sordos no implantados, implantados y oyentes), así como los instrumentos de evaluación utilizados y el procedimiento de aplicación de las distintas pruebas y tareas. A continuación, se exponen los resultados obtenidos tras el análisis estadístico de los datos, y se incluyen la discusión y las conclusiones a las que conduce la reflexión sobre dichos resultados. Asimismo, se ha realizado un comentario acerca de las limitaciones que presenta el estudio, junto con posibles líneas futuras de interés propuestas con el objetivo de poder seguir ampliando la información que existe acerca del tema tratado. Finalmente, se ofrece un capítulo de referencias bibliográficas, y un apéndice en el que consultar las distintas pruebas y tareas que han sido empleados durante el proceso de recogida de datos sobre las distintas variables estudiadas en la presente investigación.