Administración de recursos informáticos y control de proyectos mediante plataforma web en la compañía de construcción y consultoría civil SYSTEMS CIA. LTDA.

Ante el vertiginoso crecimiento de la competencia en el campo motiva la creación de una metodología para la Gestión de proyectos teniendo en cuenta las buenas prácticas disponibles a nivel mundial. El uso de TIC’s representará la forma de afrontar a la competencia que actualmente las empresas enfrentan, gestión de procesos, administración de recursos, generar responsabilidades y compromisos en los procesos con los que se llevan a cabo los proyectos marcarán un cambio en el cumplimiento de metas y objetivos. Tomando en cuenta lo anterior y luego de una evaluación a los procesos con los que se manejan actualmente los proyectos, se definirá una metodología para gestionar los proyectos, una vez definidos los procesos que van a intervenir, se abordará el tema de buscar la herramienta idónea para la administración de los proyectos vía Web, manteniendo el control de los mismos, generando un beneficio en lo referente al uso de los recursos con los que dispone la empresa. Generar indicadores de Gestión dentro de la herramienta seleccionada será una ventaja que se deberá tomar en consideración al momento de escoger la plataforma Web para llevar a cabo el control oportuno en el avance de los procesos. El uso de las TIC’s conjugado con una metodología adecuada, fomentará el desarrollo de las compañías logrando así poder planificar la gestión de los recursos: Humanos, Financieros y materiales, con sus respectivos ahorros en tiempo y dinero.

Information brokers and the use of budgetary and financial information by politicians: the case of Portugal

This paper analyses the intermediary role of the technical bodies that support the use of budgetary and financial information by central government politicians in Portugal. The main findings show that information brokers are playing a central role in preparing this information in a credible, simple and understandable way. However, even if not intentionally, the information they present can be biased. Politicians need to be aware that the information brokers they rely on may not be giving them ‘neutral’ information.

Characterization of patients undergoing noninvasive ventilation admitted in unit intermediate care

Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is the application of a ventilatory support without resorting to invasive methods. Today it’s considered a credible therapeutic option, with enough scientiic evidence to support its application in various situations and clinical settings related to the treatment of acute respiratory disease, as well as chronic respiratory disease. Objectives: Characterize patients undergoing NIV admitted in Unit Intermediate Care (ICU) in the period from October 1st 2015 to June 30th 2016. Methods: Prospective study conducted in ICU between October 2015 and June 2016. In this study were included all patients hospitalized in this unit (ICU) and in that time period a sample of 57 participants was obtained. As data collection instruments we used a questionnaire for sociodemographic and clinical data and the Braden scale. Results: Participants were mostly male 38 (66.7%), the average age 69.5 ± 11.3 years, ranging between 43 and 92 years. They weighed on average 76.6 kg (52 and 150), with an average body mass index of 28.5 kg/m2 (20 to 58.5). With skin intact 28 (49.1%) with abnormal perfusion 12 (21.1%), with altered sensitivity 11 (19.3%) and a high risk of ulcer on the scale of Braden 37 (65%). The admission diagnosis was respiratory failure 33 (57.3%) and had different backgrounds. We used reused mask 53 (93.0%), the average time of NIV was 7.1 days (1-28), 4.8 days of hospitalization (1-18) and an average of 7.8 IPAP pressure. 11 (19.3%) of the participants developed face ulcer pressure.Conclusions: The NIV is used in patients with advanced age, obesity, respiratory failure and high risk of face ulcer development.

Strategic Context, Organizational Features and Network Performances: A Survey on Collaborative Networked Organizations of Italian SMEs

Part 15: Performance Management Frameworks

GESTIÓN HÍDRICA LOCAL

Resumen La Evaluación Múlticriterio (EMC), integra las diferentes dimensiones de una realidad en un sólo marco de análisis, para brindar un acercamiento de la gestión del recurso hídrico en los cantones Barva, Santa Bárbara y San Rafael de Heredia, con el objetivo de generar las políticas hídricas locales adecuadas. Esta estructura metodológica presenta una gran transparencia como herramienta en la toma de decisiones, identificando claramente los diferentes actores involucrados, describiendo, al mismo tiempo los problemas de gestión del recurso hídrico en la zona; a la vez que permite delimitar los conflictos sociales y mostrar diferentes posibilidades para su solución a través de compromisos y diálogo entre las partes. De éste diálogo emergen soluciones concretas, estructuradas como políticas locales hídricas, tales como: Planes de Gestión Hídrica, Inversión Pública y Privada, Coordinación Institucional, Reforma Institucional/legal. La zona presenta una atmósfera conflictiva alrededor de la gestión del agua y por tanto en la estructuración de políticas hídricas locales. Esta conflictividad ‘sectorial’(es decir por cantón) se superpone a una extraordinaria conflictividad ‘territorial’. La escasez o competencia sobre el agua se fundamenta en unas demandas crecientes que son expresión de un proceso de desarrollo urbano y turístico acelerado y desordenado.   Abstract The Evaluation Multi-criteria analysis (EMA), integrates the different dimensions of a reality in an analysis mark, to offer an approach of the administration of the hydric resources in the Heredia´s cities of Barva, Santa Bárbara and San Rafael, with the objective of generating the local adequate hydrics policies. This methodological structure presents a great transparency like tool in the taking of decisions, identifying the different involved actors clearly, describing, at the same time, the problems of administration of the hydric resources in the area; and at the same time, it allows to define the social conflicts, as showing different possibilities for their solution through commitments and dialogue among the parts. Of this dialogue concrete solutions they emerge, structured as hydrics local policies, such as: Plans of hydric management, Public and Private Investment, Institutional Coordination, Institucional/legal reforms. The area presents a conflicting atmosphere around the administration of the water and therefore in the structuring of local hydrics policies. This conflict 'sectorial' (to say for canton) it is superimposed to an extraordinary 'territorial' conflict. The shortage or competition for water are based in some growing demands that are expression of a process of quick and disordered urban and tourist development.

Management interventions in dairy herds: exploring within herd uncertainty using an integrated Bayesian model

Knowledge of the efficacy of an intervention for disease control on an individual farm is essential to make good decisions on preventive healthcare, but the uncertainty in outcome associated with undertaking a specific control strategy has rarely been considered in veterinary medicine. The purpose of this research was to explore the uncertainty in change in disease incidence and financial benefit that could occur on different farms, when two effective farm management interventions are undertaken. Bovine mastitis was used as an example disease and the research was conducted using data from an intervention study as prior information within an integrated Bayesian simulation model. Predictions were made of the reduction in clinical mastitis within 30 days of calving on 52 farms, attributable to the application of two herd interventions previously reported as effective; rotation of dry cow pasture and differential dry cow therapy. Results indicated that there were important degrees of uncertainty in the predicted reduction in clinical mastitis for individual farms when either intervention was undertaken; the magnitude of the 95% credible intervals for reduced clinical mastitis incidence were substantial and of clinical relevance. The large uncertainty associated with the predicted reduction in clinical mastitis attributable to the interventions resulted in important variability in possible financial outcomes for each farm. The uncertainty in outcome associated with farm control measures illustrates the difficulty facing a veterinary clinician when making an on-farm decision and highlights the importance of iterative herd health procedures (continual evaluation, reassessment and adjusted interventions) to optimise health in an individual herd.

Behavioral Norms in Virtual Organizations

Part 2: Behaviour and Coordination

TRIPS and Special & Differential Treatment – Revisiting the Case for Derogations in Applying Patent Protection for Pharmaceuticals in Developing Count

In this paper we apply an implicit threshold approach, malleable to the principle of graduation, to identify countries that should benefit from derogations from WTO TRIPS commitments for pharmaceutical patents under the tenets of Special and Differential Treatment. This is based on the identification of four broad constraints loosely classified as; economic constraints; access topharmaceuticals; capacity constraints; and incidence of health outcomes. We identify these by means of analytical criteria and create a composite index that ranks countries according to the observed constraints which delimit the capabilities and desirability of implementing TRIPs disciplines. We discuss the use of negotiated weights and thresholds in determining participation and graduation into general provisions of the agreement. It follows that countries below the chosen threshold should be exempt from these hence receiving Special and Differential Treatment.

Integrated pest management and the (un)sustainable use of pesticides

Doutoramento em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL

Legal Framework for Cross-Regional Networks: The Case of Services and Migration

Paper prepared by Marion Panizzon and Charlotte Sieber-Gasser for the International Conference on the Political Economy of Liberalising Trade in Services, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 14-15 June 2010 Recent literature has shed light on the economic potential of cross-border networks. These networks, consisting of expatriates and their acquaintances from abroad and at home, provide the basis for the creation of cross-border value added chains and therewith the means for turning brain drain into brain circulation. Both aspects are potentially valuable for economic growth in the developing world. Unilateral co-development policies operating through co-funding of expatriate business ventures, but also bilateral agreements liberalising circular migration for a limited set of per-sons testify to the increasing awareness of governments about the potential, which expatriate networks hold for economic growth in developing countries. Whereas such punctual efforts are valuable, viewed from a long term perspective, these top-down, government mandated Diaspora stimulation programs, will not replace, this paper argues, the market-driven liberalisation of infrastructure and other services in developing countries. Nor will they carry, in the case of circular labour migration, the political momentum to liberalise labour market admission for those non-nationals, who will eventually emerge as the future transnational entrepreneurs. It will take a combination of mode 4 and infrastructure services openings-cum regulation for countries at both sides of the spectrum to provide the basis and precondition for transnational business and entrepreneurial networks to emerge and translate into cross-border, value added production chains. Two key issues are of particular relevance in this context: (i) the services sector, especially in infrastructure, tends to suffer from inefficiencies, particularly in developing countries, and (ii) labour migration, a highly complex issue, still faces disproportionately rigid barriers despite well-documented global welfare gains. Both are hindrances for emerging markets to fully take advantage of the potential of these cross-border networks. Adapting the legal framework for enhancing the regulatory and institutional frameworks for services trade, especially in infrastructure services sectors (ISS) and labour migration could provide the incentives necessary for brain circulation and strengthen cross-border value added chains by lowering transaction costs. This paper analyses the shortfalls of the global legal framework – the shallow status quo of GATS commitments in ISS and mode 4 particular – in relation to stimulating brain circulation and the creation of cross-border value added chains in emerging markets. It highlights the necessity of adapting the legal framework, both on the global and the regional level, to stimulate broader and wider market access in the four key ISS sectors (telecommunications, transport, professional and financial services) in developing countries, as domestic supply capacity, global competitiveness and economic diversification in ISS sectors are necessary for mobilising expatriate re-turns, both physical and virtual. The paper argues that industrialised, labour receiving countries need to offer mode 4 market access to wider categories of persons, especially to students, graduate trainees and young professionals from abroad. Further-more, free trade in semi-finished products and mode 4 market access are crucial for the creation of cross-border value added chains across the developing world. Finally, the paper discusses on the basis of a case study on Jordan why the key features of trade agreements, which promote circular migration and the creation of cross-border value added chains, consist of trade liberalisation in services and liberal migration policies.

O novo Código florestal e a regularização do passivo ambiental dos imóveis rurais : o caso de Querência

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável, 2016.

Davidson's externalisms

Donald Davidson ha tenido un papel extremamente importante en lo que hoy se llama Externismo. Sin embargo, la formulación exacta de su externismo no es obvia porque sus compromisos están dispersos a lo largo de muchos de sus artículos. El objetivo de este trabajo es explorar los detalles de su externismo. Indicaremos que Davidson, sin duda defiende, que la mente no está auto-contenida. No obstante, tal idea tiene por lo menos dos sentidos distintos en su trabajo: por un lado, estados y contenidos mentales deben ser individuados, en parte, respecto a factores externos a la piel de uno, porque fueron causados por ellos; y por otro lado, estados y contenidos mentales deben ser individuados por factores externos porque la mente está constituida por conocimiento. Indicaremos que la relación entre estos dos niveles explicativos, aparentemente armoniosa, se vuelve conflictiva dentro del mismo programa davidsoniano. ______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

The contribution of Angola to the early spread of the HIV-1 epidemic

Poster presented at the 22nd International HIV Dynamics and Evolution. Budapest, Hungary, 13-16 May 2015

Tridimensionalidade do Campo de Batalha

O presente Relatório Científico Final do Trabalho de Investigação Aplicada versa o emprego do Exército Português nas Operações de Combate em Ambiente Urbano, no âmbito das missões internacionais da North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Com a realização do presente trabalho pretende-se verificar e analisar a doutrina, organização, treino e meios do Exército Português para a condução de Operações de Combate em Ambiente Urbano em contexto das missões internacionais no âmbito da North Atlantic Treaty Organization. As características e tendências do atual ambiente operacional apontam para uma tipologia de Operações militares marcadas essencialmente por aspetos inerentes à complexidade do ambiente urbano. Apesar das suas particularidades, estas operações inserem-se em todo o espetro do conflito, inclusive em Operações de Apoio à Paz onde a ameaça pode provocar o escalar de violência. Desta forma o Exército Português terá que possuir capacidades militares que se adequem às possibilidades de atuação das forças em Teatros de Operações onde o ambiente é essencialmente urbano, possibilitando assim cumprir com a sua missão, assegurando os compromissos internacionais do Estado Português no âmbito militar. Assim, esta investigação iniciar-se-á com um enquadramento teórico, fundamentado numa pesquisa bibliográfica, seguida de uma componente prática, correspondente à análise documental e entrevistas que permitam obter respostas para a questão central em apreço. Estas duas componentes culminam com a conclusão do trabalho resultante do processo de investigação verificando que, apesar de algumas lacunas e limitações, as forças militares dispõem de inquestionáveis competências para conduzirem operações que envolvam combate em ambiente urbano no quadro das missões internacionais da North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

A participação de Portugal no Teatro de Operações Kosovo : O caso do 1º Batalhão de Infantaria Mecanizado

O Teatro de Operações Kosovo localiza-se numa região caraterizada por séculos de confluência de rotas comerciais, culturas, etnias e religiões distintas e que, por essa e outras razões tem sido assolada por inúmeros conflitos. Numa fase pós Guerra Fria, as forças internacionais, dada a escalada da violência, intervieram neste cenário integrando também forças portuguesas, entre as quais e por diversas vezes, o 1º Batalhão de Infantaria Mecanizado. Desde o início desta intervenção, desde os finais da década de noventa, até à atualidade, o teatro de operações referido experimentou diversas alterações de cariz social, politico e étnico que se traduziram por vezes em conflitos e fenómenos violentos. Dada a intervenção portuguesa num ambiente de conflitualidade volátil e em permanente mutação, inserida no âmbito das Missões de Apoio à Paz, o trabalho de investigação desenvolvido assume como objetivo descrever as alterações ao nível do emprego do 1º Batalhão de Infantaria Mecanizado, para fazer face à tipologia Kosovo do período pós Guerra Fria (2000-2014). Pretende-se que estas alterações sejam compreendidas e interpretadas através da implementação de um modelo de análise baseado nos fatores de decisão militares1, que sistematiza e organiza informação constante em documentos resultantes de cada um dos empenhamentos abordados, bem como no depoimento de militares presentes nesses mesmos contextos, no período abordado. No que a este último aspeto concerne, a aplicação do método indutivo usando como instrumento de opção metodológica o Estudo de Caso, permite a recolha de dados qualitativos resultantes das respostas obtidas nas entrevistas semiestruturadas, a militares presentes no Kosovo no período compreendido entre 2000 e 2014. Após toda a investigação realizada, parecem ganhar evidência alterações ao nível do emprego do 1º Batalhão de Infantaria Mecanizado no TO Kosovo, evidências essas materializadas nos fatores Missão, Ameaça, Tarefas, Viaturas, Efetivo e Orgânica, como consequência quer das restruturações efetuadas da Kosovo Force (KFOR), quer das oscilações de conflitualidade inerentes ao próprio teatro, que, ao longo do lapso de tempo estudado, atravessou períodos de menor e maior estabilidade.