982 resultados para Greeley, Horace, 1811-1872.


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Based on the perturbative series representation of a complex-source-point spherical wave an expression for cylindrically symmetrical complex-argument Laguerre-Gauss beams of radial order n is derived. This description acquires the accuracy up to any order of diffraction angle, and its first three corrected terms are in accordance with those given by Seshadri [Opt. Lett. 27, 1872 (2002)] based on the virtual source method. Numerical results show that on the beam axis the number of orders of nonvanishing nonparaxial corrections is equal to n. Meanwhile a higher radial mode number n leads to a smaller convergent domain of radius. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America.

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分别用稀盐酸、王水以及(NH_4)_2S溶液处理p-GaN表面,通过测试样品表面Ols的X射线光电子能谱(XPS),比较了这些溶液去除p-GaN表面氧化层的能力;在经不同溶液处理后的样品表面,以相同的条件制作Ni/Au电极,并测试其与p-GaN的比接触电阻,结果表明经稀盐酸处理后的样品表面,由于其氧含量较高,不能与Ni/Au形成良好的欧姆接触,而经王水和(NH_4)_2S溶液处理后的p-GaN表面,能与Ni/Au形成良好的欧姆接触;最后,通过比较样品表面的Ga/N原子浓度比,探讨了王水处理p-GaN表面能够形成良好欧姆接触的原因.

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通过改变氢气对硅烷气体的稀释程度,并保持其他的沉积参量不变,用等离子体增强化学气相沉积(PECVD)方法成功地制备出非晶/微晶相变过渡区域的硅薄膜样品。测量了样品的室温光电导和暗电导,样品的光电性能优越,在50 mW·cm~(-2)的白光照射下,光电导和暗电导的比值达到10~6。在室温下用微区喇曼谱研究了薄膜的微结构特性,用高斯函数对喇曼谱进行了拟合分析。结果表明,在我们的样品制备条件下,当H_2和SiH_4的流量比R较小时,样品表现出典型的非晶硅薄膜 的结构特性;随流量比R的增大,薄膜表现出两相结构,其中的微晶成分随氢稀释比的增大逐渐增多;用量子尺寸效应估算了两个高氢稀释样品(R > 50)中微晶粒子的平均尺寸大小为2.4 nm左右;样品的中程有序度随氢稀释程度的增加而增大。

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以生态安全面临着严重威胁的我国干旱区民勤绿洲湖区灌区景观为例 ,研究地下水资源的时空变化对灌区生态安全的影响 .利用GIS进行地下水的空间插值得到地下水埋深与地下水矿化度的时空变化 .结果表明 ,地下水埋深在 14年间持续下降 ,且灌区中心地带的地下水埋深的下降速率较边缘地带快 ,导致地下水降落漏斗不断加深 ,并逐渐由灌区中心向边缘扩展 .大于 3m的地下水埋深面积比例逐年增加 ,由 1987年占湖区总面积的 81.2 %上升到 2 0 0 1年的 97.4 % .地下水埋深的持续下降导致土壤含水量降低是除人为破坏而引起林木自然衰败、死亡 ,并引起灌区自然生态安全水平降低的主要原因 .当地下水埋深超过 8m ,地下 2m处土壤含水率达到 12 %以下 ,大部分乔木林枯梢率达到 90 %以上 ,而灌木林枯梢率也达到 5 0 %以上 .受地下水位下降的影响 ,14年间有林地、灌木林地与疏林地的斑块面积分别减少了6 7%、5 4 %与 31% ,斑块数量减少 35、4 2与 5 0块 .地下水矿化度的上升导致作物的安全生长格局发生显著变化 ,导致农业经济效益降低、种植业结构调整受到严重制约 ,构成对灌区经济生态安全的严重影响 .合理分配流域中、下游水资源量 ,限制人类不合理的土地利用方式 ,减少灌区耕地面积 ,构建安全的景观格局 ,逐渐恢复地下水

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By fusing an electron-deficient ring system with the phenyl ring of a 2-phenylpyridine (ppy)-type ligand, a new and synthetically versatile strategy for the phosphorescence color tuning of cyclometalated iridium(III) and platinum(II) metallophosphors has been established. Two robust red electrophosphors with enhanced electron-injection/electron-transporting features were prepared by using an electron-trapping fluoren-9-one chromophore in the ligand design. The thermal, photophysical, redox and electrophosphorescent properties of these complexes are reported. These exciting results can be attributed to a switch of the metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) character of the transition from the pyridyl groups in the traditional Ir-III or Pt-II ppy-type complexes to the electron-deficient ring core, and the spectral assignments corroborate well with the electrochemical data as well as the timedependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations. The electron-withdrawing character of the fused ring results in much more stable MLCT states, inducing a substantial red-shift of the triplet emission energy from yellow to red for the Ir-III complex and even green to red for the PtII counterpart.

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The sol-gel-derived ceramic-carbon nanotube (SGCCN) nanocomposite film fabricated by doping multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) into a silicate get matrix was used to immobilize protein. The SGCCN film can provide a favorable microenvironment for horseradish peroxidase (HRP) to perform direct electron transfer (DET) at glassy carbon electrode. The HRP immobilized in the SGCCN film shows a pair of well-defined redox waves and retains its bioelectrocatalytic activity to the reduction of O-2 and H2O2, which is superior to that immobilized in silica sol-gel film.

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Three series of MBS core-shell impact modifiers were prepared by grafting styrene and methyl methacrylate onto PB or SBR seed latex in emulsion polymerization. All the MBS modifiers were designed to have the same total chemical composition, and MMA/Bd/St equals 30/42/28, which is a prerequisite for producing transparent blends with PVC. Under this composition, there were three different ways of arrangement for styrene in MBS, which led to the different structure of MBS modifier. The concentration of MBS in PVC/MBS blends was kept at a constant value of 20 wt.%. The effects of arrangement of St in MBS on the mechanical and optical properties of PVC/MBS blends were studied. The notched Izod impact test results showed that the MBS with a PB homopolymer core grafted with St had a lowest brittle-ductile transition (BDT) temperature and BDT temperature increased with the amount of St copolymerized with Bd in the core of MBS. The transparency of blends also increased with the amount of St copolymerized with Bd in the core. TEM results showed that the arrangement of St in MBS influenced the deformation behavior. Two deformation modes were observed in the blends: cavitation and shear yielding.