Highfield Campus Winter Minecraft Map

Contains data (c) Defra (OGL) and Open Street Map (CC-BY-SA)

La atención a las víctimas de atentados por minas antipersonal (MAP) y municiones sin explorar (MUSE) en Colombia bajo el marco del Derecho Internacional Humanitario

En las situaciones en que se presenta un conflicto armado, por lo general surge una violación de los Derechos Humanos y del Derecho Internacional Humanitario, lo que hace que los Estados en su afán por restablecer la paz en sus territorios, tengan como objeto principal la solución de los mismos, acudiendo a procesos de reconciliación, como lo son la negociación con los actores armados. En medio de los conflictos armados, la vida de las personas se ve afectada, ya que un conflicto armado produce víctimas de diversa índole, que tienen una característica especial, ya sea porque se encuentran en una situación de riesgo, pues son poblaciones que se encuentran en zonas donde se desarrolla la guerra o se encuentran cerca a objetivos militares y por tal motivo están en riesgo de convertirse en víctimas del conflicto, o porque son afectados directamente por el conflicto, es decir que ya son víctimas porque están heridos, enfermos, o se encuentran en manos del adversario y son considerados prisioneros de guerra. Es importante tener en cuenta que el sufrimiento de estas personas es muy grande y que en ocasiones puede llegar a prolongarse durante largo tiempo.

Trans-Ancestral Studies Fine Map the SLE-Susceptibility Locus TNFSF4

We previously established an 80 kb haplotype upstream of TNFSF4 as a susceptibility locus in the autoimmune disease SLE. SLE-associated alleles at this locus are associated with inflammatory disorders, including atherosclerosis and ischaemic stroke. In Europeans, the TNFSF4 causal variants have remained elusive due to strong linkage disequilibrium exhibited by alleles spanning the region. Using a trans-ancestral approach to fine-map the locus, utilising 17,900 SLE and control subjects including Amerindian/Hispanics (1348 cases, 717 controls), African-Americans (AA) (1529, 2048) and better powered cohorts of Europeans and East Asians, we find strong association of risk alleles in all ethnicities; the AA association replicates in African-American Gullah (152,122). The best evidence of association comes from two adjacent markers: rs2205960-T (P = 1.71×10-34, OR = 1.43[1.26-1.60]) and rs1234317-T (P = 1.16×10-28, OR = 1.38[1.24-1.54]). Inference of fine-scale recombination rates for all populations tested finds the 80 kb risk and non-risk haplotypes in all except African-Americans. In this population the decay of recombination equates to an 11 kb risk haplotype, anchored in the 5′ region proximal to TNFSF4 and tagged by rs2205960-T after 1000 Genomes phase 1 (v3) imputation. Conditional regression analyses delineate the 5′ risk signal to rs2205960-T and the independent non-risk signal to rs1234314-C. Our case-only and SLE-control cohorts demonstrate robust association of rs2205960-T with autoantibody production. The rs2205960-T is predicted to form part of a decameric motif which binds NF-κBp65 with increased affinity compared to rs2205960-G. ChIP-seq data also indicate NF-κB interaction with the DNA sequence at this position in LCL cells. Our research suggests association of rs2205960-T with SLE across multiple groups and an independent non-risk signal at rs1234314-C. rs2205960-T is associated with autoantibody production and lymphopenia. Our data confirm a global signal at TNFSF4 and a role for the expressed product at multiple stages of lymphocyte dysregulation during SLE pathogenesis. We confirm the validity of trans-ancestral mapping in a complex trait. © 2013 Manku et al.

16/6-idiotype expressing antibodies induce brain inflammation and cognitive impairment in mice: the mosaic of central nervous system involvement in lupus

Background: The 16/6-idiotype (16/6-Id) of the human anti-DNA antibody was found to induce experimental lupus in naive mice, manifested by production of autoantibodies, leukopenia and elevated inflammatory markers, as well as kidney and brain involvement. We assessed behavior and brain pathology of naive mice injected intracerebra-ventricularly (ICV) with the 16/6-Id antibody. Methods: C3H female mice were injected ICV to the right hemisphere with the human 16/6-Id antibody or commercial human IgG antibodies (control). The mice were tested for depression by the forced swimming test (FST), locomotor and explorative activity by the staircase test, and cognitive functions were examined by the novel object recognition and Y-maze tests. Brain slices were stained for inflammatory processes. Results: 16/6-Id injected mice were cognitively impaired as shown by significant differences in the preference for a new object in the novel object recognition test compared to controls (P = 0.012). Similarly, the preference for spatial novelty in the Y-maze test was significantly higher in the control group compared to the 16/6-Id-injected mice (42% vs. 9%, respectively, P = 0.065). Depression-like behavior and locomotor activity were not significantly different between the16/6-Id-injected and the control mice. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed an increase in astrocytes and microglial activation in the hippocampus and amygdala, in the 16/6-Id injected group compared to the control. Conclusions: Passive transfer of 16/6-Id antibodies directly into mice brain resulted in cognitive impairments and histological evidence for brain inflammation. These findings shed additional light on the diverse mosaic pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric lupus.

Type 2 diabetes; elderly; cognitive deficit; cognitive flexibility; executive functions Resumen

Through meditation, people become aware of what happens in the body and mind, accepting the present experiences as they are and getting a better understanding of the true nature of things. Meditation practices and its inclusion as an intervention technique, have generated great interest in identifying the brain mechanisms through which these practices operate. Different studies suggest that the practice of meditation is associated with the use of different neural networks as well as changes in brain structure and function, represented in higher concentration of gray matter structures at the hippocampus, the right anterior insula, orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and greater involvement of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). These and other unrelated studies, shows the multiple implications of the regular practice of mindfulness in the structures and functions of the brain and its relation to certain observable and subjective states in people who practice it. Such evidence enabling the inclusion of mindfulness in psychological therapy where multiple applications have been developed to prove its effectiveness in treating affective and emotional problems, crisis management, social skills, verbal creativity, addiction and craving management, family and caregivers stress of dementia patients and others. However, neuropsychological rehabilitation has no formal proposals for intervention from these findings. The aim of this paper is to propose use of Mindfulness in neuropsychological rehabilitation process, taking the positions and theory of A.R. Luria.

Efectos a largo plazo del tratamiento de un adolescente con fobia social generalizada mediante el cognitive-behavioral group therapy for adolescents (CBGT-A).

Contiene tablas. Resumen tomado de la revista

Linguistic and cognitive delays in very preterm infants at 2 years : general or specific delays?. 'Retrasos lingüísticos y cognitivos en niños prematuros extremos a los 2 años : ¿retrasos generales o específicos?

Resumen basado en el de la publicación. Resumen en español

The role of parental investments for cognitive and noncognitive skill formation : evidence for the first 11 years of life. 'El papel de la influencia de los padres en el desarrollo cognitivo y la formación de habilidades cognitivas : evidencias de los primeros 11 años de vida'.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

How children think and learn : the social contexts of cognitive development.

Se hace un repaso detallado de las teorías y los debates en torno a cómo los niños piensan y aprenden. También se reconocen los difíciles problemas a los que se enfrentan los profesores cuando tratan de conjugar la teoría y la investigación con la práctica en el aula.

Barcelona : pocket map and guide.

Guía de bolsillo para descubrir Barcelona y sus mejores museos, monumentos, restaurantes, bares y tiendas, horarios, y datos sobre el transporte. Repleta de palabras, fotos, mapas para ayudar al visitante en la localización de más de doscientos lugares de interés.

Seville and Andalusia : pocket map and guide.

Guía de bolsillo para descubrir Sevilla y sus mejores museos, monumentos, restaurantes, bares y tiendas, horarios, y datos sobre el transporte. Repleta de palabras, fotos, mapas para ayudar al visitante en la localización de más de doscientos lugares de interés.

London: pocket map and guide.

Guía de bolsillo para descubrir Londres y sus mejores museos, monumentos, restaurantes, bares y tiendas, horarios, y datos sobre el transporte. Repleta de palabras, fotos, mapas para ayudar al visitante en la localización de más de doscientos lugares de interés.

Madrid : pocket map and guide.

Guía de bolsillo para descubrir Madrid y sus mejores museos, monumentos, restaurantes, bares y tiendas, horarios, y datos sobre el transporte. Repleta de palabras, fotos, mapas para ayudar al visitante en la localización de más de doscientos lugares de interés.

Grammar games : cognitive, affective and drama activities for EFL students.

Es un recurso para los profesores que incluye una gran variedad de juegos sobre la lengua inglesa para realizar en el aula. Cada juego se centra en uno o varios puntos de la gramática y para cada uno de ellos se dan explicaciones sobre su nivel, los materiales necesarios, puntos de la gramática tratados y tiempo requerido.

More grammar games : cognitive, affective and movement activities for EFL students.

Es un recurso para el profesor que contiene una colección de juegos sobre partes fundamentales de la gramática. Cada actividad se presenta con un resumen que especifica el área de la gramática tratada, el nivel al que se refiere, el tiempo requerido y el material necesario.