Mitochondrial control region haplotypes of the South American sea lion Otaria flavescens (Shaw, 1800)

The South American sea lion, Otaria flavescens, is widely distributed along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of South America. However, along the Brazilian coast, there are only two nonbreeding sites for the species (Refúgio de Vida Silvestre da Ilha dos Lobos and Refúgio de Vida Silvestre do Molhe Leste da Barra do Rio Grande), both in Southern Brazil. In this region, the species is continuously under the effect of anthropic activities, mainly those related to environmental contamination with organic and inorganic chemicals and fishery interactions. This paper reports, for the first time, the genetic diversity of O. flavescens found along the Southern Brazilian coast. A 287-bp fragment of the mitochondrial DNA control region (D-loop) was analyzed. Seven novel haplotypes were found in 56 individuals (OFA1-OFA7), with OFA1 being the most frequent (47.54%). Nucleotide diversity was moderate (π = 0.62%) and haplotype diversity was relatively low (67%). Furthermore, the median joining network analysis indicated that Brazilian haplotypes formed a reciprocal monophyletic clade when compared to the haplotypes from the Peruvian population on the Pacific coast. These two populations do not share haplotypes and may have become isolated some time back. Further genetic studies covering the entire species distribution are necessary to better understand the biological implications of the results reported here for the management and conservation of South American sea lions.

Effects of different concentrations of passion fruit peel (Passiflora edulis) on the glicemic control in diabetic rat

Diabetes mellitus, an endocrine disorder, is the major cause of morbidity in developing countries, and it is considered the fourth leading cause of death worldwide. The conventional therapy for diabetes is insulin treatment. The peel of the Passion fruit is rich in fiber and prevents the absorption of carbohydrates, and thus can control and reduce the blood sugar rate. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the passion fruit peel flour on the glicemia of diabetic rats, as well as to study the probable action mechanisms. Wistar rats were used in the experiment and were offered the flours of the passion fruit peel in three concentrations: 5, 10, and 15%, and a casein diet as control. The most significant effect on the reduction of the glicemic rate was obtained with the 5% diet. The best values of hepatic glycogen were found in the 5 and 10% diets. The results of this study suggest that the 5% passion fruit flour diet was the one that provided the best reduction of blood glucose levels (59%) and the higher increase of the hepatic glycogen level (71%). The conversion of blood glucose into hepatic glycogen was considered the probable action mechanism involved.

Design of automatic control system for the precipitation of bromelain from the extract of pineapple wastes

In this work, bromelain was recovered from ground pineapple stem and rind by means of precipitation with alcohol at low temperature. Bromelain is the name of a group of powerful protein-digesting, or proteolytic, enzymes that are particularly useful for reducing muscle and tissue inflammation and as a digestive aid. Temperature control is crucial to avoid irreversible protein denaturation and consequently to improve the quality of the enzyme recovered. The process was carried out alternatively in two fed-batch pilot tanks: a glass tank and a stainless steel tank. Aliquots containing 100 mL of pineapple aqueous extract were fed into the tank. Inside the jacketed tank, the protein was exposed to unsteady operating conditions during the addition of the precipitating agent (ethanol 99.5%) because the dilution ratio "aqueous extract to ethanol" and heat transfer area changed. The coolant flow rate was manipulated through a variable speed pump. Fine tuned conventional and adaptive PID controllers were on-line implemented using a fieldbus digital control system. The processing performance efficiency was enhanced and so was the quality (enzyme activity) of the product.

Influence of food components on lipid metabolism: scenarios and perspective on the control and prevention of dyslipidemias

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main causes of death in the Western world. Among the risk factors that are modifiable by diet, for reducing cardiovascular disease risks, the total plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, and HDL-C are the most important. Dietary measures can balance these components of the lipid profile thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases. The main food components that affect the lipid profile and can be modified by diet are the saturated and trans fats, unsaturated fats, cholesterol, phytosterols, plant protein, and soluble fiber. A wealth of evidence suggests that saturated and trans fats and cholesterol in the diet raise the total plasma cholesterol and LDL-C. Trans fats also reduce HDL-C, an important lipoprotein for mediating the reverse cholesterol transport. On the other hand, phytosterols, plant proteins, isoflavones, and soluble fiber are protective diet factors against cardiovascular diseases by modulating plasma lipoprotein levels. These food components at certain concentrations are able to reduce the total cholesterol, TG, and LDL-C and raise the plasma levels of HDL-C. Therefore, diet is an important tool for the prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases, and should be taken into account as a whole, i.e., not only the food components that modulate plasma concentrations of lipoproteins, but also the diet content of macro nutrients and micronutrients should be considered.

Fatores de risco associados à lesão renal aguda em pacientes tratados com polimixina B em um hospital terciário

Resumo Introdução: O uso de polimixinas foi praticamente abandonado nos anos 1970 devido as altas taxas de nefropatia. Entretanto, foram reintroduzidas na prática médica devido a sua ação contra bactérias gram negativas resistentes a carbapenemicos. A literatura recente sugere uma taxa de nefropatia mais baixa do que a historicamente reportada. Objetivo: Determinar a incidência de nefropatia associada ao uso de polimixina utilizando os critérios de RIFLE. Métodos: Foi realizada coorte retrospectiva de todos pacientes adultos que receberam polimixina B no Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição de dezembro de 2010 até março de 2011. Resultados: 61 pacientes (43%) preencheram os critérios de rifle para injúria renal e 28 (13,7%) necessitaram de diálise. Preditores independentes para nefrotoxicidade foram hipotensão (OR, 2.79; CI 1.14-5.8; p = 0.006) e uso concomitante de vancomicina (OR, 2.86; CI, 1.27-6.4; p = 0.011). Conclusão: Nessa coorte retrospectiva, nefrotoxicidade (definida pelos criterios de RIFLE) ocorreu em 43% dos pacientes tratados com polimixina B. O uso concomitante de vancomicina e hipotensão foram fatores de risco independentes para desenvolvimento de nefropatia. Mais estudos são necessarios, particularmente com polimixina B, para esclarecer se as caracteristicas dessa droga e da colistina são sobreponíveis.

Satisfacción y lealtad del taller de formación en control social y veedurías ciudadanas

Banco del conocimiento

Control social : red de control social - Boletín Informativo no. 2

Gestión del conocimiento

Resolución N° 23 ¿Debe la Cámara de Comercio realizar algún control o verificación sobre las autorizaciones previas de la superintendencia de vigilancia y seguridad privada?

Servicios registrales

Resolución N° 16 del 26 de enero de 2010 ¿Requisitos que verifica la cámara en la cesión de cuotas de empresas unipersonales?

Servicios registrales

Resolución N° 049 del 19 de marzo de 2010 ¿Es posible dar aplicación a las reuniones especiales como la de segunda convocatoria al interior de una entidad sin ánimo de lucro? ¿Cuáles son las condiciones para su aplicabilidad? ¿En que consiste la remisión normativa y cuál es su alcance respecto de las ESAL?

Servicios registrales

Resolución N° 63 del 14 de abril de 2010 ¿Cuáles son las causas en las que se basa la Cámara para abstenerse de inscribir un nombramiento? ¿Tienen las cámaras facultades para valorar posibles conflictos de competencia respecto de los administradores nombrados? ¿Puede la cámara evaluar presuntas falsedades contenidas en el documento sujeto a registro?

Servicios registrales

Resolución N° 067 del 21 de abril de 2010 ¿Cuáles son los elementos objeto de verificación por parte de la cámara en las cesiones de cuotas sociales y nombramientos en Sociedades de Responsabilidad Limitada?

Servicios registrales

Resolución N° 071 del 27 de abril de 2010 ¿Cuáles son los elementos que las Cámaras de comercio verifican en el proceso de disolución y liquidación de sociedades? ¿Cuándo opera la disolución sin necesidad de declaración de la misma?

Servicios registrales

Resolución N° 079 del 140 de mayo de 2010 ¿Cuáles son los elementos esenciales de las reuniones por derecho propio? Procede en virtud de la ausencia de convocatoria a reunión ordinaria o la indebida realización de la misma?

Servicios registrales

Resolución N° 83 del 123 de mayo de 2010 ¿Escapa a la competencia de la Cámara de Comercio revisar asuntos sustanciales de los actos sometidos a registro? ¿Puede la Cámara de Comercio oficiar a autoridades jurisdiccionales para que adelanten investigaciones? Elementos para la viabilidad de las reuniones por derecho propio del articulo 422 del Código Comercio?

Servicios registrales