"Jag är inte en så'n som är bra på matte" : Hur faktorer i skolan kan påverka elevers matematiska subjektskapande

Matematik som ämne har under lång tid uppfattats som maskulint kodat. Sådana genusstyrda föreställningar kan anses leva kvar än idag, då det efter analys av statistik framgår att de personer som väljer yrken och utbildningar som är matematikintensiva till stor del är män. I skolans styrdokument står det att att elevers könstillhörighet inte ska avgöra vilka studier och arbeten de väljer i framtiden. Syftet med denna studie är därför att undersöka hur flickors och pojkars matematiska subjektskapande påverkas av faktorer i skolan. Genom att utgå från begrepp som kan ses som centrala i den poststrukturalistiska feministiska teoribildningen möjliggörs denna komparativa litteraturstudie.   De forskningspublikationer som har jämförts och analyserats har resulterat i en sammanställning av olika faktorer som påverkar elevers matematiska subjektskapande. De återkommande faktorer som vi har valt att behandla i denna studie är hur läraren påverkar elevers matematiska subjektskapande, hur klassrumsdiskursen påverkar elevers matematiska subjektivitet samt hur subjektskapandet påverkar matematiska strategier. Resultatet visar att det inte går att urskilja tydliga skillnader mellan flickors och pojkars matematiska prestationer i förskolan och början av årskurs 1, utan dessa ökar under de första skolåren. Av de publikationer vi har analyserat framkommer att subjektskapandet påverkas av faktorer i skolan och att lärares genusstyrda föreställningar har betydelse för subjektskapandet.    Genom att se på människan som ett lärandesubjekt, som hela tiden skapas och skapar sig själv i förhållande till sammanhanget, möjliggörs föreställningen om att även det matematiska subjektskapandet kan ses som föränderligt. Med detta synsätt är subjektet inte matematiskt, utan detta är istället något som subjektet kan bli. Att som lärare ha detta förhållningssätt är av stor relevans för professionen, då det är en förutsättning för att alla elever ska ha möjlighet att utvecklas. 

Punahilkalla on ollut eväät kunnossa – Antero Mertarannan jääkiekkoselostusten intertekstuaaliset kielen piirteet

Tutkin urheilutoimittaja Antero Mertarannan jääkiekkoselostusten kielen piirteitä. Litteroimani aineisto on MM-kisoista keväältä 2011, ja analysoin niitä kielen piirteitä, joita voi toistuvuuden perusteella pitää Mertarannalle ominaisina. Tutkimustani läpäisevä käsite on intertekstuaalisuus: Mistä se selostukseen kirvoittuu? Miten se vaikuttaa selostukseen? Pureudun tarkasti myös mielikuviin, joita Mertaranta luo sekä joukkueista että pelaajista. Hyödynnän analyysissani Norman Faircloughin (1992) perustavan intertekstuaalisuuden ja avoimen intertekstuaalisuuden käsitteitä. Mertarannalla intertekstuaalisuuden ensimmäinen virike tulee pelitilanteesta, joka käynnistää assosiaatioketjun. Assosiaatiot kumpuavat herkästi pelaajan ominaispiirteistä ja joukkueen edustamasta maasta. Suomalaisten kuvailussa on useimmiten alluusio suomalaiseen musiikkiin. Mertarannan selostuksessa on kertomuksen, kansallisromanttisen kuvailun ja show-juonnon elementtejä, ja lisäksi hän muuntelee sananlaskuja ja idiomeja pelitilanteisiin sopiviksi. Mertaranta myös imitoi pelaajia: Vastustajien referointi alkaa lähes aina kysymyksellä, jolloin vastustaja näyttäytyy hölmistyneessä valossa. Suomalaisten referoinnit taas hohkaavat itsevarmuutta. Intertekstuaalisuus osoittautuu Mertarannan huumorin perustaksi.

On estimating attenuation from the amplitude of the spectrally whitened ambient seismic field

International audience

Novae species cycadearum Africae Australis /

Reprinted from Tijdschrift voor natuurlijke geschiedenis en physiologie, v. 4.

A novel antigen capture ELISA for the specific detection of IgG antibodies to elephant endotheliotropic herpes virus

BACKGROUND Elephants are classified as critically endangered animals by the International Union for Conservation of Species (IUCN). Elephant endotheliotropic herpesvirus (EEHV) poses a large threat to breeding programs of captive Asian elephants by causing fatal haemorrhagic disease. EEHV infection is detected by PCR in samples from both clinically ill and asymptomatic elephants with an active infection, whereas latent carriers can be distinguished exclusively via serological assays. To date, identification of latent carriers has been challenging, since there are no serological assays capable of detecting seropositive elephants. RESULTS Here we describe a novel ELISA that specifically detects EEHV antibodies circulating in Asian elephant plasma/serum. Approximately 80 % of PCR positive elephants display EEHV-specific antibodies. Monitoring three Asian elephant herds from European zoos revealed that the serostatus of elephants within a herd varied from non-detectable to high titers. The antibody titers showed typical herpes-like rise-and-fall patterns in time which occur in all seropositive animals in the herd more or less simultaneously. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the developed ELISA is suitable to detect antibodies specific to EEHV. It allows study of EEHV seroprevalence in Asian elephants. Results confirm that EEHV prevalence among Asian elephants (whether captive-born or wild-caught) is high.

The optical design of a far infrared imaging FTS for SPICA

This paper describes the optical design of the far infrared imaging spectrometer for the JAXA's SPICA mission. The SAFARI instrument, is a cryogenic imaging Fourier transform spectrometer (iFTS), designed to perform backgroundlimited spectroscopic and photometric imaging in the band 34-210 μm. The all-reflective optical system is highly modular and consists of three main modules; input optics module, interferometer module (FTS) and camera bay optics. A special study has been dedicated to the spectroscopic performance of the instrument, in which the spectral response and interference of the instrument have been modeled, as the FTS mechanism scans over the total desired OPD range.

SAFARI optical system architecture and design concept

SpicA FAR infrared Instrument, SAFARI, is one of the instruments planned for the SPICA mission. The SPICA mission is the next great leap forward in space-based far-infrared astronomy and will study the evolution of galaxies, stars and planetary systems. SPICA will utilize a deeply cooled 2.5m-class telescope, provided by European industry, to realize zodiacal background limited performance, and high spatial resolution. The instrument SAFARI is a cryogenic grating-based point source spectrometer working in the wavelength domain 34 to 230 μm, providing spectral resolving power from 300 to at least 2000. The instrument shall provide low and high resolution spectroscopy in four spectral bands. Low Resolution mode is the native instrument mode, while the high Resolution mode is achieved by means of a Martin-Pupplet interferometer. The optical system is all-reflective and consists of three main modules; an input optics module, followed by the Band and Mode Distributing Optics and the grating Modules. The instrument utilizes Nyquist sampled filled linear arrays of very sensitive TES detectors. The work presented in this paper describes the optical design architecture and design concept compatible with the current instrument performance and volume design drivers.

The hierarchic structure of fears: A cross-cultural replication with the fear survey schedule in a portuguese sample

A confirmatory attempt is made to assess the validity of a hierarchic structural model of fears. Using a sample comprising 1,980 adult volunteers in Portugal, the present study set out to delineate the multidimensional structure and hierarchic organization of a large set of feared stimuli by contrasting a higher-order model comprising general fear at the highest level against a first-order model and a unitary fear model. Following a refinement of the original model, support was found for a five-factor model on a first-order level, namely (1) Social fears, (2) Agoraphobic fears, (3) Fears of bodily injury, death and illness, (4) Fears of display to aggressive scenes, and (5) Harmless animals fears. These factors in turn loaded on a General fear factor at the second-order level. However, the firstorder model was as parsimonious as a hierarchic higher-order model. The hierarchic model supports a quantitative hierarchic approach which decomposes fear disorders into agoraphobic, social, and specific (animal and bloodinjury) fears.

Tetraspanin 3: A central endocytic membrane component regulating the expression of ADAM10, presenilin and the amyloid precursor protein

Despite existing knowledge about the role of the A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) as the α-secretase involved in the non-amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Notch signalling we have only limited information about its regulation. In this study, we have identified ADAM10 interactors using a split ubiquitin yeast two hybrid approach. Tetraspanin 3 (Tspan3), which is highly expressed in the murine brain and elevated in brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients, was identified and confirmed to bind ADAM10 by co-immunoprecipitation experiments in mammalian cells in complex with APP and the γ-secretase protease presenilin. Tspan3 expression increased the cell surface levels of its interacting partners and was mainly localized in early and late endosomes. In contrast to the previously described ADAM10-binding tetraspanins, Tspan3 did not affect the endoplasmic reticulum to plasma membrane transport of ADAM10. Heterologous Tspan3 expression significantly increased the appearance of carboxy-terminal cleavage products of ADAM10 and APP, whereas N-cadherin ectodomain shedding appeared unaffected. Inhibiting the endocytosis of Tspan3 by mutating a critical cytoplasmic tyrosine-based internalization motif led to increased surface expression of APP and ADAM10. After its downregulation in neuroblastoma cells and in brains of Tspan3-deficient mice, ADAM10 and APP levels appeared unaltered possibly due to a compensatory increase in the expression of Tspans 5 and 7, respectively. In conclusion, our data suggest that Tspan3 acts in concert with other tetraspanins as a stabilizing factor of active ADAM10, APP and the γ-secretase complex at the plasma membrane and within the endocytic pathway.

A 30-month worksite-based lifestyle program to promote cardiovascular health in middle-aged bank employees: Design of the TANSNIP-PESA randomized controlled trial

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. With atherosclerosis as the underlying cause for many CVD events, prevention or reduction of subclinical atherosclerotic plaque burden (SAPB) through a healthier lifestyle may have substantial public health benefits. The objective was to describe the protocol of a randomized controlled trial investigating the effectiveness of a 30-month worksite-based lifestyle program aimed to promote cardiovascular health in participants having a high or a low degree of SAPB compared with standard care. We will conduct a randomized controlled trial including middle-aged bank employees from the Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis cohort, stratified by SAPB (high SAPB n = 260, low SAPB n = 590). Within each stratum, participants will be randomized 1:1 to receive a lifestyle program or standard care. The program consists of 3 elements: (a) 12 personalized lifestyle counseling sessions using Motivational Interviewing over a 30-month period, (b) a wrist-worn physical activity tracker, and (c) a sit-stand workstation. Primary outcome measure is a composite score of blood pressure, physical activity, sedentary time, body weight, diet, and smoking (ie, adapted Fuster-BEWAT score) measured at baseline and at 1-, 2-, and 3-year follow-up. The study will provide insights into the effectiveness of a 30-month worksite-based lifestyle program to promote cardiovascular health compared with standard care in participants with a high or low degree of SAPB.

La construcción de sentido (‘sensemaking’) de un entorno estratégico turbulento por parte de los altos directivos: un estudio en una multinacional automotriz

Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación realizada al interior de dos contextos. Por un lado, el teórico, en el marco de uno de los discursos más relevantes en los campos de la estrategia organizacional, de la managerial and organizational cognition (MOC) y, en general, de los estudios organizacionales (organization studies): la construcción de sentido (sensemaking). Por el otro, el empírico, en una de las grandes compañías multinacionales del sector automotriz con presencia global. Esta corporación enfrenta una permanente tensión entre lo que dicta la casa matriz, en relación con el cumplimiento de metas y estándares específicos, considerando el mundo entero, y los retos que, teniendo en cuenta lo regional y lo local, experimentan los altos directivos encargados de hacer prosperar la empresa en estos lugares. La aproximación implementada fue cualitativa. Esto en atención a la naturaleza de la problemática abordada y la tradición del campo. Los resultados permiten ampliar el actual nivel de comprensión acerca de los procesos de sensemaking de los altos directivos al enfrentar un entorno estratégico turbulento.