Processos sócio-ambientais relacionados às situações de degradação na região do Rio Doce, Natal/RN

Natal is a medium-sized coastal city (800.000 inhabitants), capital of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, in the Northeast of Brazil. According to statistics published by the IBGE (2000), the area of Natal that stretches from Redinha to Lagoa Azul holds about 12% of the municipal population. Part of this area is bordered by a watercourse, the Rio Doce, which has been afflicted by a range of socio-environmental problems over the years. This study was carried out with the aims of 1) identifying the socio-environmental processes related to urban expansion, with an emphasis on those causing environmental degradation in this region; b) analysing the perception of the target population in relation to the environment it occupies; and c) determining the socioeconomic profile of the local residents and the sanitary facilities available to them. A survey was carried out by conducting interviews and completing questionnaires with the residents to assess the situation both qualitatively and quantitatively in the communities of Caiana, Pajussara Sítio, Gramoré Povoado and Gramoré Sítio, as well as by conducting bibliographical and documentary research. It was discovered that the sanitary conditions of the riverside dwellers are precarious and only 1% of the houses in the suburbs mentioned are connected to the public sewers. It was established that the Rio Doce is intensively exploited through the extraction of sand for the building trade, irrigation of riverside vegetable plots and use of the water for bathing, washing of clothes and leisure. It was also found that about 40% of the population resident in this area has migrated from the rural zone, which is one of the factors rendering it difficult for them to adapt to the urban setting. Such information can be of use to the authorities in the environmental planning of these districts and their sustainable development

Criação de empresas à luz do modelo de decisão effectuation: um estudo com mulheres empreendedoras no município de Currais Novos/RN

This study analysed the creation of businesses by entrepreneur women in the Currais Novos city, looking for verifying if they used making decision processes aligned to the Effectuation logic throughout the creation of their companies. To this, was accomplished a multiple cases and exploratory study, whit a qualitative approach of analyse, using the thematic life history technique that match accounts and semi-structured interview route, being accomplished like a long interview, where the researcher interact with the informer continuously. The semi-structured interview route was created by the adaptation of the interview route used by Tasic (2007). The present study appealed to a intentional selection of individuals in function of their importance in relation to the boarded theme. This means that the individuals were chosen in function of their social and theoretical representatively inside the considered situation. The participant individuals of this research were five entrepreneur women that act in the Currais Novos city, owners of five different companies. To the data treatment and analyse, was chosen the content analyse technique. This study worked with a priori theoretical categories. The categories of analyse in this study was obtained with base in the Effectuation approach (SARASVATHY, 2001a, 2001b, 2008), that is an alternative model of making decision to the classic model based in the causality principle. These categories are Clarity of Initial Aims , Tolerance to the Lost and Initials Investments , Control of Resources ( who I am , what I know and who I know ) and Promoting Over Contingencies . As result, the entrepreneur women researched, in a general way, hadn t clear initial aims at the companies creation moment, hadn t aversion to the risk to lose the time and the money that they were investing in the company in formation, they highlighted the products and services identity that offered with a strong link with Seridó region, they had experience in the field of activity in which they decided to open their companies, had the commitment of partners in the beginning of the business and they knew to transform the initial difficulties in opportunities. By the end, this study conclude that the entrepreneur women studied used, in a big part, making decision processes aligned to the Effectuation logic throughout the creation of their companies

Processos aleatórios não-markovianos: perfis de memória

One of the mechanisms responsible for the anomalous diffusion is the existence of long-range temporal correlations, for example, Fractional Brownian Motion and walk models according to Elephant memory and Alzheimer profiles, whereas in the latter two cases the walker can always "remember" of his first steps. The question to be elucidated, and the was the main motivation of our work, is if memory of the historic initial is condition for observation anomalous diffusion (in this case, superdiffusion). We give a conclusive answer, by studying a non-Markovian model in which the walkers memory of the past, at time t, is given by a Gaussian centered at time t=2 and standard deviation t which grows linearly as the walker ages. For large widths of we find that the model behaves similarly to the Elephant model; In the opposite limit (! 0), although the walker forget the early days, we observed similar results to the Alzheimer walk model, in particular the presence of amnestically induced persistence, characterized by certain log-periodic oscillations. We conclude that the memory of earlier times is not a necessary condition for the generating of superdiffusion nor the amnestically induced persistence and can appear even in profiles of memory that forgets the initial steps, like the Gausssian memory profile investigated here.

Caracterização de processos morfodinâmicos e hidrodinâmicos do cinturão lacustre meridional da Reserva Biológica do Lago Pirituba, Amapá

The Amapá State has an important natural lake system, known as The Amapá Lakes Region . Most of these lakes are on the southern part of Amapá s coastal plain, which has 300 km of extension and it s composed by holocenic sediments deposited at the northern part of Amazon River to the Orange Cape located on the northern part of Amapá state. This region is under influence of the Amazon River discharge which is the largest liquid discharge of about 209.000 m³/s and biggest sediment budget discharged on the ocean in the order 6.108 ton per day. The climate is influenced by the Intertropical Convergence Zone and El Niño Southern Oscillation which act mainly under precipitation, nebulosity, local rivers and tidal hidrology. In this region lake belts are Ocidental, Oriental and Meridional Lake Belts. The last one is formed by the by the lakes Comprido de Cima, Botos, Bacia, Lodão, Ventos, Mutuco and Comprido de Baixo. These lakes are the closest to the Araguari River and are characterized by pelitic sedimentation associated with fluvial and estuarine flood plains under influence of tides. The lakes are interconnected, suffer influence of flood pulses from the Tartarugal, Tartarugalzinho and Araguari rivers and the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic know edge is poor. Volume and area reduction, natural eutrophication, anthophic influence, hidrodynamic alterations, morphological changes and are factors which can contribute to the closing of such lakes on the Meridional Lake Belt. This belt is inside the boundaries of the Biological Reserve of Piratuba Lake, created in 1980 for integral protection. Due to the fragility of the environment together with the poor knowledge of the system and with the study area relevancy it is necessary to know the hydrodynamic and geoenvironmental processes. This work aims the characterization of morphodynamic and hydrodynamic processes in order to understand the geoambiental context of the Meridional Lake Belt, from the Comprido de Baixo Lake to the dos Ventos Lake, including the Tabaco Igarape. Methodology was based on the hydrodynamic data acquisition: liquid discharge (acoustic method), tides, bathymetry and the interpretation of multitemporal remote sensing images, integrated in a Geographic Information System (GIS). By this method charts of the medium liquid discharges of Lake Mutuco and Tabacco Igarape the maximum velocity of flow were estimated in: 1.1 m/s, 1.6 m/s and 1.6 m/s (rainy season) and 0.6 m/s, 0.6 m/s and 0.7 m/s (dry period), the maximum flow in: 289 m³/s, 297 m³/s and 379 m³/s (rainy season) and 41 m³/s , 79 m³/s and 105 m³/s (dry period), respectively. From the interpretation of multitemporal satellite images, maps were developed together with the analysis of the lakes and Tobaco Igarape evolution from 1972 to 2008, and were classified according to the degree of balance in the area: stable areas, eutrophic areas, areas of gain, and eroded areas. Troughout analysis of the balance of areas, it was possible to quantify the volume of lake areas occupied by aquatic macrophytes. The study sought to understand the hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes occurring in the region, contributing to the elucidation of the processes which cause and/or favor geoenvironmental changes in the region; all such information is fundamental to making the management of the area and further definition of parameters for environmental monitoring and contributing to the development of the management plan of the Biological Reserve of Lake Piratuba. The work activities is a part of the Project "Integration of Geological, geophysical and geochemical data to Paleogeographic rebuilding of Amazon Coast, from the Neogene to the Recent

O eletrólito suporte e suas múltiplas funções em processos de eletrodo

The aim of this work is to present the principal properties and applications of supporting electrolytes (SE) to students, teachers and researchers interested in electrode processes. Different aspects are discussed including the importance of SE in maintaining constant the activity coefficients and the diffusion coefficients and reducing the transport number of electroactive species. Its effect on the electrochemical kinetic parameters is also presented.

Teoria algébrica de processos da medida em sistemas quânticos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Degradação de fármacos residuais por processos oxidativos avançados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Fundamentos e aplicações ambientais dos processos fenton e foto-fenton

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Processos diurnos e noturnos de remoção de NO2 e NH3 atmosféricos na região de Araraquara-SP

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Investigação eletroquímica de alguns compostos organopaládio (ll): Determinação dos processos de redução do centro metálico em ciclopaladados

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Síntese e emprego do ciclometalado [Pd(dmba)(N3)(PPh3)] em processos catalíticos envolvendo a n-carbonilação redutiva de nitroarenos a carbamatos e na síntese de derivados da uréia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Síntese e emprego do [Pd(dmba)(NCO)(PPh3)] em processos catalíticos envolvendo a preparação de derivados da uréia e de alcoxicarbonil complexos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A influência dos processos que buscam a autoformação: uma leitura através da fenomenologia e da Semiótica Social

Os Estágios Supervisionados são disciplinas integradoras entre o conhecimento específico e os conhecimentos pedagógicos. Neste trabalho, apresentamos resultados de uma pesquisa realizada com Licenciandos em Química utilizando a Metodologia Investigativa. O objetivo foi buscar as percepções dos sujeitos a respeito da própria aprendizagem e sua transferência ao processo de ensino. Utilizou-se o referencial proposto pela Fenomenologia e Semiótica Social para a análise dos dados. Confirmaram-se o potencial da metodologia no desenvolvimento metacognitivo dos sujeitos e na evolução de suas concepções. Estes valorizam a construção de estratégias de aprendizagem como um processo pessoal e profissional. A reflexão levou-os a reconhecer a complementaridade entre ensinar e aprender, como processos indissociáveis, e geradores de conhecimentos aplicáveis à atividade profissional.

Caracterização dos processos de leitura em escolares com dislexia e distúrbio de aprendizagem

OBJETIVO: Caracterizar e comparar o desempenho de escolares com dislexia, distúrbio de aprendizagem e bom desempenho acadêmico nos processos de leitura. MÉTODOS: Participaram 60 escolares de ambos os gêneros, de primeira a quarta série do ensino fundamental de uma cidade no interior de São Paulo, que foram divididos em: GI - 20 escolares com diagnóstico interdisciplinar de dislexia; GII - 20 escolares com diagnóstico interdisciplinar de distúrbio de aprendizagem; e GIII - 20 escolares com bom desempenho acadêmico, pareados por gênero, faixa etária e escolaridade com o GI e GII. Os escolares foram submetidos à aplicação da adaptação brasileira da Avaliação dos Processos de Leitura - PROLEC, composta por quatro blocos: identificação de letras, processos léxicos, sintáticos e semânticos. RESULTADOS: Os escolares de GIII apresentaram desempenho superior em relação ao GI e ao GII. Foram encontradas diferenças nas provas referentes aos sinais de pontuação e compreensão de orações e textos, em que foi evidenciado desempenho inferior do GII em relação ao GI. Quanto à classificação dos resultados, a maior parte dos escolares do GI apresentou desempenho normal no processo de identificação de letras e dificuldade grande no processo léxico, comprometendo os demais processos, e o GII apresentou dificuldade grande em todos os processos. CONCLUSÃO: Os escolares com dislexia e distúrbio de aprendizagem apresentam desempenho inferior nas provas dos processos de leitura. Os escolares com dislexia apresentam dificuldades no domínio dos processos léxico, sintático e semântico e os escolares com distúrbio de aprendizagem apresentam dificuldades em todos os processos avaliados.

Novos processos de reciclagem de chumbo

O processo pirometalúrgico convencional para a produção de chumbo metálico é comparado com dois novos processos ambientalmente não agressivos: o eletrohidrometalúrgico e fusão alcalina. O processo eletrohidrometalúrgico consiste em reduzir o tamanho das partículas dos compostos de chumbo e lixiviar os mesmos com uma solução ácida de fluoborato férrico. Neste ponto, o chumbo é dissolvido com os íons férricos sendo reduzidos a íons ferrosos. A solução resultante da lixiviação é bombeada para os compartimentos catódicos de uma célula eletrolítica de diafragma nos quais o chumbo metálico é depositado em catodos de aço inoxidável numa forma compacta e pura. A solução que é empobrecida em íons Pb2+ é então enviada aos compartimentos anódicos da mesma célula onde, nas superfícies de anodos ocorre a oxidação dos íons ferrosos a férricos, que retornam ao estágio de lixiviação. O processo de fusão alcalina consiste em se juntar soda cáustica fundida, enxofre e compostos de chumbo num reator a uma temperatura entre 600 °C e 700 °C. Como um resultado chumbo metálico é obtido juntamente com sais fundidos de sódio, sulfetos metálicos e borra. O fundido é processado, resultando em borra, sulfetos metálicos, soda cáustica e enxofre. Estes dois últimos retornam para o reator. Ambos os processos permitem a recuperação de metais como antimônio, estanho, enxofre e prata, que em processo convencional são perdidos na escória. Esses novos processos são ambientalmente corretos sem poluições severas de Pb e SO2. O chumbo metálico obtido é mais puro que aquele do processo convencional.