A psicopatologização da infância no contemporâneo: um estudo sobre a expansão do diagnóstico de transtorno de déficit de atenção e hiperatividade

The expansion of psychiatric labeling does not reach only the adult population, but also the problematic related to childhood have been captured by the speeches and practices of the medical-psychiatric knowledge and turned into psychopathologies which tend to be treated with the main resource made available by psychiatrics in the present times: the psychotropic drugs. This work presents a critical thinking on the expansion of the diagnoses of “attention deficit disorder and hyperactivity” (ADHD) both in children and teenagers and on the conduction of drug therapies. It follows that the processes of childhood psycho-pathologization and the trivializing of psychotropic drug prescription are related to the overvaluation of the biological conception of psychic suffering and to the economic interests of the great pharmaceutical laboratories which by means of several strategies influence the medical practices, factors that lead to exposure of these patients to possible side effects and the risks of stigmatization that must be considered.

A formação docente no dispositivo pedagógico

The pedagogic device is constituted as a network of relationships that can be established between heterogeneous elements such as discourses, institutions, laws, administrative measures, scientific statements, philosophical propositions, ie, the said and unsaid. This paper aims to present an analysis on the theme "teacher training" from the perspective of the French philosopher Michel Foucault and his concept of the device. We performed the analysis of texts of the Patio magazine specializing in education.

O grupo como produtor de singularidades: o processo subjetivo como forjador de singularidades frente às pessoas que vivem com as DSTs

The personal experience respective is a description of an psychosocial intervention effectuated in the year of 2007 in an institution not government, in the city of Taubaté, with a group of women infected with the virus HIV. We will present in the short form our work, which happened through a therapeutic group, that had as device, the production of new process of subjectivizing with these women in the conduction of them condition of life after the infection with the virus HIV. To determine our actions use the theoretical assumptions of genealogy, of psychology and the theory of institutional operating group with emphasis on aspects of group discussion. During approximately twelve meetings with the denser group work topics such as social violence (inequality of rights, prejudice and stigma), treatment of the condition of serum positive when marked by ambivalence to treatment and the use of defense mechanisms: denial, projection and omnipotence, the weak and intense physical and mental suffering resulting from this process.We end our exhibition while presenting the discursive constructions and, consequently, the multiforms singular potentialities of the group that appeared with our psychosocial interventions.

Há possibilidades de uma psicologia libertadora na contemporaneidade?

This article aims to generate reflections on the current Brazilian educational situation and briefly discuss the changing paradigms of post-modernity that affect it. Today's education will be discussed and questioned from the mold of traditional education institution (postulated analyzed and criticized by Paulo Freire and still present in our society) and soon to be opposed to the proposal from liberating pedagogy (teaching theoretical foundations that focus on developing of a social nature of no alienation and contribution to the formation of critical subjects of their own destiny, comes in trying to transform the current education, reinforced by the individualistic and consumerist bonds in a democratic education (teachers and students in a relationship horizontal) facing the current questions of social values.

Bem-me-quer, malmequer: uma análise dos cuidados dispensados ao idoso asilar

This article aims to portray a survey in order to see whether the established in the Practical Guide Caregiver program (Ministry of Health, established in 2008 to improve the care for the elderly), are also affecting the nursing homes of smaller towns, with reference to a city in São Paulo State, with approximately 100,000 inhabitants located in western Sao Paulo State.

O teatro do oprimido como ferramenta educativa: ações junto aos adolescentes em estado de vulnerabilidade social

This article is a theoretical and practical portrait of a non-formal educational activities aimed to examine the transformations experienced by young people in a state of social vulnerability participating in social discussions in a form of theater of the oppressed - the theater-forum. The technique of theater-forum was held as a methodology able to establish a critical space action / reflection / action on the social reality experienced by these young people. The discussions postulates in some theatrical performances were analyzed critically and scored from theoretical frameworks of contemporary thinkers (Bauman, Augé, Boal,Bock, Aguiar, Ozella). We conclude that this action re-signified social problems (violence, drug involvement, hyperconsumerism, poverty, cultural capital etc.) Among these young people. In general, the young through a collective construction could experience new processes of subjectivity and open to possible changes and social transformations criticism in your life.

O teatro do oprimido como ferramenta psicoeducativa

This article is a theoretical and practical portrait of a non-formal educational activities aimed to examine the transformations experienced by young people in a state of social vulnerability participating in social discussions in a form of theater of the oppressed - the theater-forum. The technique of theater-forum was held as a methodology able to establish a critical space action / reflection / action on the social reality experienced by these young people. The discussions postulates in some theatrical performances were analyzed critically and scored from theoretical frameworks of contemporary thinkers (Bauman, Augé, Boal) and analysts sociohistorical (Bock, Aguiar, Ozella). We conclude that this action re-signified social problems (violence, drug involvement, hyper-consumerism, poverty, cultural capital etc.) among these young people. In general, the young through a collective construction could experience new processes of subjectivity and open to possible changes and social transformations criticism in your life.

A escola na condição de não lugar

This article portrays the changes that schools and education have been undergoing since the Middle Ages to the contemporary era. Its main focus points at the subjective issues that underlie the school as educational space necessary for the maintenance of society. It ends by showing that the school currently is losing its historical, relational and identity function (essential issues to structure a society) and is becoming a non place (concept of Marc Augé), into an institution without apparent social function, held only as a still a consumable and profitable commodity.

A prescrição banalizada de psicofármacos na infância

Atualmente, qualquer sinal de mal-estar pode ser diagnosticado como uma patologia cuja terapêutica será a administração de psicofármacos. A prescrição abusiva de psicofármacos não atinge apenas os adultos, mas também o mal-estar das crianças tem encontrado uma resposta pronta naquele saber autoritário que não resiste à compulsão de medicar. Preocupado com esse processo de medicalização, este trabalho apresenta, através de um estudo de caso de uma criança longamente submetida a uma medicação questionável, uma reflexão crítica sobre a condução de terapêuticas que tendem a produzir pacientes medicados em série, sem abordar a constituição subjetiva do sujeito.

Uma breve análise da historiografia da educação brasileira

O presente artigo teórico procura analisar a educação brasileira enquanto elemento histórico e que hoje se encontra no dilema em seguir uma tendência nacional ou se submeter às regras do mundo globalizado. Para tanto, fazemos uma análise do surgimento da educação na era medieval, pré-moderna, moderna e contemporânea. Por fim questionamos se a educação é ainda uma instituição valorizada ou perdeu seu lugar, tornando-se um espaço desvirtuado.

Escola, seu fim e o ressurgimento da educação: o paradoxo da subjetividade no saber atual

O sistema educativo passa por um processo da institucionalização do saber. Qualquer forma de aprendizado que não seja subjetivado pelo “saber-escola” é automaticamente desacreditada, tudo isso em virtude da sacralização da escola e de sua demanda. Os colégios promovem uma educação doutrinária e alienante do projeto de vida da comunidade a que se destina, por isso há que enfatizar que estes possuem caráter disciplinador semelhante ao que ocorrem em instituições como as cadeias, manicômios. Através da apreensão do parco poder do saber nas mãos dos dirigentes institucionais, os alunos são transformados em “objetos-sujeito”, alvos de novas técnicas e ações que os desapropriam do direito de questionamento. Muitos autores – Paulo Freire, Ivan Illich, militaram em prol da emancipação das comunidades e de formas de aprendizagem autodirigidas e que promovessem a leitura e apreensão do mundo, efetivando troca de habilidades e o retorno das coletividades. São esses agentes políticos que norteiam essa revisão bibliográfica, de caracteres quiméricos para muitos, mas imprescindível para o retorno da educação que não se encontra apenas nas paredes da arquitetura panóptica dos locais instituídos como educacionais, mas sim em todas as situações que subjetivam os indivíduos ao longo de toda sua vida.

A banalização da prescrição de psicofármacos em um ambulatório de saúde mental

The development of modern psychiatric medications coupled with the wide range currently gained by preventive emphasis in mental health changed the practices of psychiatry, which is no longer focused on treating insanity but is also dedicated to treat any psychiatric suffering through the prescription of psychopharmacos. This study discusses the current process in which medication has been generalized, and presents the results of an exploratory study aimed to examine the patients' medical files, the trajectory of users since they enter the service to the prescription of psychiatric medication in the scope of a Mental Health Outpatient Clinic, in a town in the west of the São Paulo state, Brazil. Results revealed that most (65%) users already arrive at the service with previous prescription of psychiatric medications, and nearly all (99%) of them receive prescriptions of psychiatric medication once forwarded to psychiatric consultations.

Prevalence of low back pain and associated factors in adults from a middle-size Brazilian city

Objective: To determine the prevalence of low back pain and some related variables among adults of both genders. Methods: Was conduct a cross-sectional study of population-based in the urban area of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo. The sample consisted of 743 adult residents for over two years in this city. Low back pain, quality of sleep and physical activity were collected through face to face interview at the residence of respondents. Was used the chi-square test to analyze the association between variables, later was created tree multivariate models with hierarchical inclusion of confounding factors. Results: The prevalence of low back pain reported last year was 50.2% (95% CI: 46.6, 53.8), and the last week 32.3% (95% CI: 28.9, 35.6). Was association among low back pain and females (p-value = 0.031), older age, lower education, altered sleep and overweight, the adjusted model found that people over the age of 45 years (45 to 59.9 years, OR = 13.1 [1.72-98.5] and ≥ 60 years, OR = 9.10 [1.15-71.7]), with some alteration of sleep (OR = 3.21 [1.84-5.61]) and obese (OR = 2.33 [1:26 to 4:33]) seems to be a risk group for low back pain. Conclusion: The prevalence of low back pain is high and obese people aged over 45 years, with any sleep disturbance are a group at higher risk for low back pain.

Usefulness of vaginal cytology tests in women with previous hysterectomy for benign diseases: assessment of 53,891 tests

Objective. To assess the value of vaginal screening cytology after hysterectomy for benign disease.Methods. This cross-sectional study used cytology audit data from 2,512,039 screening tests in the metropolitan region of Campinas from 2000 to 2012; the object was to compare the prevalence of abnormal tests in women who had undergone a hysterectomy for benign diseases (n = 53,891) to that of women who had had no hysterectomy. Prevalence ratios (95% confidence intervals, 95% Cl) were determined, and chi-square analysis, modified by the Cochrane-Armitage test for trend, was used to investigate the effects of age.Results. The prevalence of atypical squamous cells (ASC), low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or squamous-cell carcinoma (HSIL/SCC) was 0.13%, 0.04% and 0.03%, respectively, in women who had undergone hysterectomy, and 0.93%, 0.51% and 0.26% in women who had not undergone hysterectomy. The prevalence ratios for ASC, LSIL and HSIL/SCC were 0.14(0.11-0.17), 0.08 (0.06-0.13) and 0.13 (0.08-020), respectively, in women with a hysterectomy versus those without. For HSIL/SCC, the prevalence ratios were 0.09 and 029, respectively, for women <50 or >= 50 years. The prevalence rates in women with a previous hysterectomy showed no significant variation with age.Conclusion. The prevalence rates of ASC, LSIL and HSIL/SCC were significantly lower in women with a previous hysterectomy for benign disease compared with those observed in women with an intact uterine cervix. This study reinforces the view that there is no evidence that cytological screening is beneficial for women who have had a hysterectomy for benign disease. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The effect of gastrointestinal nematode infection level on grazing distance from dung

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)