Effect of the position of the double-bond in monounsaturated phospholipids on the dynamics of model membranes

Therllloelynalllics of lllodel 11lel1ll)rane systeills containing 1110nollnsaturatecl I)lloSI)holil) ids is strongly infllienced l)y the I)osition of the C==C dOlll)le })ond in tIle acyl chain. The telllI)eratllres of both chain-nlelting (TM) and La -+ HI! (TH) I)hase traIlsitions are lowered by IIp to 20°C when C==C is Inoved froln positions 6 or 11 to I)osition 9 in an 18-carl)on chain. This work is an attellll)t to ellicidate the uIlderlying Illoleclilar Illechanisllls reSI)Onsi])le for tllese draillatic tllerillodynaillic changes. Mixtllres of di-18: 1 l)hoSI)hatidylethanolanline with C==C at l)ositioIlS 6, 9, 11 were llsed, witll a sI1lall aI1lOlint of I)erdellterated tetradecanol, known to })e a gooel rel)Orter of the cllain Illoleclilar order. SI)ectral second 11I0I1lents were llsed to Illonitor tIle La -+ HII I)hase transition, which was fOllnd to ])e ])road (2-6°C), with a slight llysteresis on heatiIlg/cooling. The orientational order I)rofiles were nleasllred 1lSiIlg 2H Illiclear Illagnetic resonance and changes in these order I)rofiles between La aIld HII I)hases silow l)oth a local increase in order in the vicinity of the C==C bonds and an o\Terall decrease ill the average orientational order of the chain as a whole. These Sll])tle changes recluire })oth high-fidelity SI)ectrosCol)y and a careflll data analysis that takes into aCCOllnt the effects due to l)artiall1lagnetically-indllced orientational ordering of the l)ilayers. In tIle COIltext of SOllle recently rel)Orted cross-relaxation 11leaSlirenlents in Silllilar l)llOSI)llolil)iels, 0111' reslilts sllggest that large-anll)litllde conforlllational changes in the interior of tIle I110del 111eI11])ranes I)lay a 1110re significant role than I)reviollsly thOllght.

Size regulation of double and half embryos in the mice musculus

Genetic chimeras made by aggregating early mouse embryos have many uses in developmental biology and have also provided insights into embryonic growth regulation. There is an indication that the embryo can regulate for an increase in size because although aggregation chimeras are twice as big as normal embryos when made, they are born of normal size. Upward regula..... tion of size reduced embryos is also possible. Half embryos made by the isolation or destruction of one of the blastomeres of a 2-cell embryo are also born of normal size. Little is known about the timing or the mechanism of this size regulation. In this study, the timing of size regulation in double and half embryos was clearly established by comparison of cell numbers derived from serial reconstruction of light microscope sections of control and experimental embryos. It was shown that size regulation in double embryos occurred around 6dl6h and in half embryos by 7dOh. Size regulation occurred in all tissues at the same time indicating a single control mechanism for the entire embryo. More detailed examination of the growth of double embryos revealed that size regulation occurred by alteration in cell cycle length~ No excessive cell death was found in double embryos compared to the controls and continuous labelling with [3H] thymidine showed no large non-dividing cell population in double embryos. However, a comparison of the mitotic index of double and control embryos after colcemid treatment, revealed a large difference between the two around 5dl6h to 6d16h. During this period, control embryos underwent a proliferative burst not shown by the double embryos. The mechanism for cell cycle control is not clear; it may be intrinsic to the embryo or determined by the uterine environment. Evidence was found suggesting that differentiation in the postimplantation embryo was cell number dependent. The timing of differentiative events was examined in half, double and control embryos. Proamnion formation, which occurs prior to size regulation, occurs at the same cell number but at different times in the three groups of embryos. However mesoderm which appears after size regulation was seen at the same time in all grollps of embryos.

Chemoenzymatic Total Synthesis of Morphine alkaloids: Synthesis of Dihydrocodeine and Hydrocodone via a Double Claisen Strategy and ent-Hydromorphone via an Oxidative Dearomatization/intramolecular [4+2] Cycloaddition

This thesis describes the chemoenzymatic synthesis of three morphine alkaloids. The total synthesis of dihydrocodeine and hydrocodone was accomplished starting from bromobenzene in 16 and 17 steps, respectively. The key steps included a microbial oxidation of bromobenzene by E. coli JM109 (pDTG601A), a Kazmaier-Claisen rearrangement of glycinate ester to generate C-9 and C-14 stereo centers, a Johnson-Claisen rearrangement to set the C-13 quaternary center, and a C-10/C-11 ring closure via a Friedel-Crafts reaction. In addition, the total synthesis of ent-hydromorphone starting from β-bromoethylbenzene in 12 steps is also described. The key reactions included the enzymatic dihydroxylation of β-bromoethylbenzene to the corresponding cis-cyclohexadienediol, a Mitsunobu reaction, and an oxidative dearomatization followed by an intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition.

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS, LAYER THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS AND MINERALOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE LARGE INTERIOR LAYERED DEPOSIT WITHIN GANGES CHASMA, VALLES MARINERIS, MARS

The interior layered deposit (ILD) in Ganges Chasma, Valles Marineris, is a 4.25 km high mound that extends approximately 110 km from west to east. The deposition, deformation, and erosion history of the Ganges ILD records aids in identifying the processes that formed and shaped the Chasma. To interpret structural and geomorphic processes acting on the ILD, multiple layer attitudes and layer thickness transects were conducted on the Ganges ILD. Mineralogical data was analyzed to determine correlations between materials and landforms. Layer thickness measurements indicate that the majority of layers are between 0.5 m and 4 m throughout the ILD. Three major benches dominate the Ganges ILD. Layer thicknesses increase at the ILD benches, suggesting that the benches are formed from the gradual thickening of layers. This indicates that the benches are depositional features draping over basement topography. Layer attitudes indicate overall shallow dips generally confined to a North-South direction that locally appear to follow bench topography. Layering is disrupted on a scale of 40 m to 150 m in 12 separate locations throughout the ILD. In all locations, underlying layering is disturbed by overlying folded layers in a trough-like geometry. These features are interpreted to have formed as submarine channels in a lacustrine setting, subsequently infilled by sediments. Subsequently, the channels were eroded to the present topography, resulting in the thin, curved layering observed. Data cannot conclusively support one ILD formation hypothesis, but does indicate that the Ganges ILD postdates Chasma formation. The presence of water altered minerals, consistently thin layering, and layer orientations provide strong evidence that the ILD formed in a lacustrine setting.

Double Rail Restrainer for Handling Beef Cattle

The summary of the article reads "A new double rail conveyor restrainer for handling cattle at the slaughter plant is described. It has improved safety and ergonomics compared to the V restrainer conveyor it replaces. Cattle ride astride a moving conveyor. This design could also be adapted for veterinary work."

Community Detection in Multi-Layer Networks

In the scope of the current thesis we review and analyse networks that are formed by nodes with several attributes. We suppose that different layers of communities are embedded in such networks, besides each of the layers is connected with nodes' attributes. For example, examine one of a variety of online social networks: an user participates in a plurality of different groups/communities – schoolfellows, colleagues, clients, etc. We introduce a detection algorithm for the above-mentioned communities. Normally the result of the detection is the community supplemented just by the most dominant attribute, disregarding others. We propose an algorithm that bypasses dominant communities and detects communities which are formed by other nodes' attributes. We also review formation models of the attributed networks and present a Human Communication Network (HCN) model. We introduce a High School Texting Network (HSTN) and examine our methods for that network.

Examination of Henry Nelles (2 double-sided pages, handwritten)

Examination of Henry Nelles (2 double-sided pages, handwritten). The pages are stained and contain some holes. This affects some of the text. [These are copies of the answers from the previous document], 1830.

Questions and answers of W. Henry Griffen (2 double-sided pages, handwritten).

Questions and answers of W. Henry Griffen (2 double-sided pages, handwritten). These pages are stained and slightly torn. This affects a small portion of the text, 1830.

Questions put to Edwards [illegible] (2 double-sided pages, handwritten)

Questions put to Edwards [illegible] (2 double-sided pages, handwritten).These pages are stained and slightly torn. This affects a small portion of the text, 1830.

De la double nationalité des individus & des sociétes

UANL

L'émergence d'un double régime de subventions dans le système GATT/OMC : analyse du clivage entre subventions agricoles et non agricoles

"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit (LL.M) option recherche"

En marge de l'affaire Norbourg : les enjeux substantifs et punitifs suscités par le double aspect, réglementaire et criminel, de certains comportements frauduleux dans le domaine des valeurs mobilières

Article accepté pour publication dans Les Cahiers de droit 2009 dont le thème spécial est : Dérives et évolutions du droit pénal. Les auteurs ont la permission de diffuser cet article dans Papyrus jusqu’à sa parution dans Les Cahiers de droit.

La Visualisation in vivo des « espèces oxygénées radiculaires» au niveau des cellules ganglionnaires de la rétine.

Titre: La Visualisation in vivo des « espèces oxygénées radiculaires» au niveau des cellules ganglionnaires de la rétine. Le But : Les espèces d'oxygène réactives sont non seulement produites à la suite de la blessure cellulaire, mais servent aussi des molécules faisantes des signes pour une variété de processus critiques, en incluant mitosis et de mort de cellule. Nous avons auparavant dit que la blessure à RGC axons incite un éclatement de superoxyde dans le corps de cellule, probablement de l'origine mitochondrial (Lieven et al, 2006). Nous décrivons maintenant une méthode pour refléter des espèces d'oxygène réactives dans la rétine de l'animal vivant en utilisant un confocal le lisant rapidement du laser ophthalmoscope a appelé la Rétine de Heidelberg Angiograph 2 (HRA2) équipé avec les lasers doubles. La méthodolologie : Après les études préliminaires en utilisant d'autres indicateurs (hydroethidium; HEt) pour les espèces d'oxygène réactives, nous avons essayé de refléter des espèces d'oxygène réactives dans le dans le modèle de vivo l'utilisation 5-(et 6)-chloromethyl-2', 7 '-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate, l'acétyle ester (le CM-H2DCFDA). Un nerf optique de Longs-Evans rats a été écrasé intraorbitalement, en épargnant la circulation retinal. Dans certains rats colliculi supérieur de Longs rats Evans avait été auparavant exposé via craniotomy et surposé avec Gelfoam saturé avec le vert indocyanine (ICG). Aux points de temps variables les animaux ont été injectés intraveineusement ou intravitreally avec HEt ou le CM-H2DCFDA et reflétés avec fluorescein et-ou les filtres d'ICG en utilisant le HRA2. Les résultats: Nous avons démontré le foyer brillant multiple de fluorescence dans la couche de cellule de ganglion quand nous avons rétrogradement étiqueté d'ICG bilatéralement, en indiquant qu'ICG était un colorant rétrogradement transporté qui pourrait être découvert avec le HRA2. Après axotomy et l'injection intravitreal de CM-H2DCFDA, il y avait la fluorescence brillante dans le canal fluorescein dans quelques cellules dans la couche de cellule de ganglion, en accord avec la production d'une ou plusieurs espèces d'oxygène réactives. Les conclusions : RGCs peut être identifié et les niveaux d'espèces d'oxygène réactives mesurés en utilisant une fréquence double confocal Mots-clés : cellules ganglionnaires de la rétine; especes oxygenique radiculaire; la visualisation;