Une étude de l'influence du pays d'origine en Afrique

Des nombreux chercheurs qui se sont intéressés au pays d'origine du produit, rares sont ceux qui se sont préoccupés d'entrevoir des liens avec l'origine nationale et culturelle du consommateur. Si on admet que l'importance du pays d’origine varie selon l'origine nationale du consommateur, il est normal, dans un souci de généralisation des résultats, d'envisager une étude en Afrique, région qui présente des caractères culturels et ethnographiques différents de ceux d'Amérique et d'Europe où des études sur le sujet ont été effectuées. La présente étude a été menée en Côte d'Ivoire, pays d'Afrique de l'ouest, afin d'étudier le comportement des ivoiriens vis-à-vis de deux concepts du marketing international: le pays de conception et le pays d'assemblage des produits. Des profils de produits, à partir desquels les consommateurs devaient évaluer la qualité perçue du produit ainsi que la valeur d'achat, ont été présentés aux participants à l'étude. L'expérience s'est avérée concluante, puisque les résultats ont clairement montré que le consommateur ivoirien fait une nette distinction entre pays d'assemblage et pays de conception; deux attributs sur lesquels il fonde son évaluation de la qualité perçue du produit et de la valeur d'achat des automobiles, des téléviseurs et des chaussures. Malgré le rôle modérateur des variables comme la garantie, la marque et le prix dans l’évaluation de la qualité perçue et de la valeur d'achat des produits, le pays d'origine demeure, dans la plupart des cas, l'indice informationnel le plus important pour le consommateur ivoirien, contrairement à ce qui a été trouvé ailleurs. Des implications "managériales" sont discutées ainsi que des axes de recherche pour l'avenir.

Threat analysis of IoT networks using artificial neural network intrusion detection system

The Internet of things (IoT) is still in its infancy and has attracted much interest in many industrial sectors including medical fields, logistics tracking, smart cities and automobiles. However, as a paradigm, it is susceptible to a range of significant intrusion threats. This paper presents a threat analysis of the IoT and uses an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to combat these threats. A multi-level perceptron, a type of supervised ANN, is trained using internet packet traces, then is assessed on its ability to thwart Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS/DoS) attacks. This paper focuses on the classification of normal and threat patterns on an IoT Network. The ANN procedure is validated against a simulated IoT network. The experimental results demonstrate 99.4% accuracy and can successfully detect various DDoS/DoS attacks.

Analysis of Automotive Cybersecurity - Attack surfaces and users’ privacy concerns

Modern automobiles are no longer just mechanical tools. The electronics and computing services they are shipping with are making them not less than a computer. They are massive kinetic devices with sophisticated computing power. Most of the modern vehicles are made with the added connectivity in mind which may be vulnerable to outside attack. Researchers have shown that it is possible to infiltrate into a vehicle’s internal system remotely and control the physical entities such as steering and brakes. It is quite possible to experience such attacks on a moving vehicle and unable to use the controls. These massive connected computers can be life threatening as they are related to everyday lifestyle. First part of this research studied the attack surfaces in the automotive cybersecurity domain. It also illustrated the attack methods and capabilities of the damages. Online survey has been deployed as data collection tool to learn about the consumers’ usage of such vulnerable automotive services. The second part of the research portrayed the consumers’ privacy in automotive world. It has been found that almost hundred percent of modern vehicles has the capabilities to send vehicle diagnostic data as well as user generated data to their manufacturers, and almost thirty five percent automotive companies are collecting them already. Internet privacy has been studies before in many related domain but no privacy scale were matched for automotive consumers. It created the research gap and motivation for this thesis. A study has been performed to use well established consumers privacy scale – IUIPC to match with the automotive consumers’ privacy situation. Hypotheses were developed based on the IUIPC model for internet consumers’ privacy and they were studied by the finding from the data collection methods. Based on the key findings of the research, all the hypotheses were accepted and hence it is found that automotive consumers’ privacy did follow the IUIPC model under certain conditions. It is also found that a majority of automotive consumers use the services and devices that are vulnerable and prone to cyber-attacks. It is also established that there is a market for automotive cybersecurity services and consumers are willing to pay certain fees to avail that.

Cedar Point Chaussee

This pictures shows a stream of automobiles making their was down the Cedar Point Chaussee (Chaussee is French for a paved road.) Realizing that access to Cedar Point by the automobile was an essential to the park's success, owner George Boeckling built a road that ran the length of the Cedar Point peninsula. This was a distance of seven miles, beginning at U.S. Route 6 to the entrance of Cedar Point.

Foot of Columbus Avenue, Sandusky, Ohio

The foot of Columbus Avenue in Sandusky, Ohio was the location of Lake Erie steamer service during the years from 1870 to 1930. As this picture shows hundreds of men and women have arrived and parked their automobiles and are preparing to board steamers for Lakeside, Kelleys Island, Cedar Point, and South Bass Island.

A golden anniversary, 1895-1945. Personal side lights of America's first automobile race.

Mode of access: Internet.

Investigating assistive technology to support memory for people with cognitive impairments

Technologies such as automobiles or mobile phones allow us to perform beyond our physical capabilities and travel faster or communicate over long distances. Technologies such as computers and calculators can also help us perform beyond our mental capabilities by storing and manipulating information that we would be unable to process or remember. In recent years there has been a growing interest in assistive technology for cognition (ATC) which can help people compensate for cognitive impairments. The aim of this thesis was to investigate ATC for memory to help people with memory difficulties which impacts independent functioning during everyday life. Chapter one argues that using both neuropsychological and human computing interaction theory and approaches is crucial when developing and researching ATC. Chapter two describes a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies which tested technology to aid memory for groups with ABI, stroke or degenerative disease. Good evidence was found supporting the efficacy of prompting devices which remind the user about a future intention at a set time. Chapter three looks at the prevalence of technologies and memory aids in current use by people with ABI and dementia and the factors that predicted this use. Pre-morbid use of technology, current use of non-tech aids and strategies and age (ABI group only) were the best predictors of this use. Based on the results, chapter four focuses on mobile phone based reminders for people with ABI. Focus groups were held with people with memory impairments after ABI and ABI caregivers (N=12) which discussed the barriers to uptake of mobile phone based reminding. Thematic analysis revealed six key themes that impact uptake of reminder apps; Perceived Need, Social Acceptability, Experience/Expectation, Desired Content and Functions, Cognitive Accessibility and Sensory/Motor Accessibility. The Perceived need theme described the difficulties with insight, motivation and memory which can prevent people from initially setting reminders on a smartphone. Chapter five investigates the efficacy and acceptability of unsolicited prompts (UPs) from a smartphone app (ForgetMeNot) to encourage people with ABI to set reminders. A single-case experimental design study evaluated use of the app over four weeks by three people with severe ABI living in a post-acute rehabilitation hospital. When six UPs were presented through the day from ForgetMeNot, daily reminder-setting and daily memory task completion increased compared to when using the app without the UPs. Chapter six investigates another barrier from chapter 4 – cognitive and sensory accessibility. A study is reported which shows that an app with ‘decision tree’ interface design (ApplTree) leads to more accurate reminder setting performance with no compromise of speed or independence (amount of guidance required) for people with ABI (n=14) compared to a calendar based interface. Chapter seven investigates the efficacy of a wearable reminding device (smartwatch) as a tool for delivering reminders set on a smartphone. Four community dwelling participants with memory difficulties following ABI were included in an ABA single case experimental design study. Three of the participants successfully used the smartwatch throughout the intervention weeks and these participants gave positive usability ratings. Two participants showed improved memory performance when using the smartwatch and all participants had marked decline in memory performance when the technology was removed. Chapter eight is a discussion which highlights the implications of these results for clinicians, researchers and designers.

Optical Wireless Communication for Mobile Platforms

The past few decades have witnessed the widespread adaptation of wireless devices such as cellular phones and Wifi-connected laptops, and demand for wireless communication is expected to continue to increase. Though radio frequency (RF) communication has traditionally dominated in this application space, recent decades have seen an increasing interest in the use of optical wireless (OW) communication to supplement RF communications. In contrast to RF communication technology, OW systems offer the use of largely unregulated electromagnetic spectrum and large bandwidths for communication. They also offer the potential to be highly secure against jamming and eavesdropping. Interest in OW has become especially keen in light of the maturation of light-emitting diode (LED) technology. This maturation, and the consequent emerging ubiquity of LED technology in lighting systems, has motivated the exploration of LEDs for wireless communication purposes in a wide variety of applications. Recent interest in this field has largely focused on the potential for indoor local area networks (LANs) to be realized with increasingly common LED-based lighting systems. We envision the use of LED-based OW to serve as a supplement to RF technology in communication between mobile platforms, which may include automobiles, robots, or unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). OW technology may be especially useful in what are known as RF-denied environments, in which RF communication may be prohibited or undesirable. The use of OW in these settings presents major challenges. In contrast to many RF systems, OWsystems that operate at ranges beyond a few meters typically require relatively precise alignment. For example, some laser-based optical wireless communication systems require alignment precision to within small fractions of a degree. This level of alignment precision can be difficult to maintain between mobile platforms. Additionally, the use of OW systems in outdoor settings presents the challenge of interference from ambient light, which can be much brighter than any LED transmitter. This thesis addresses these challenges to the use of LED-based communication between mobile platforms. We propose and analyze a dual-link LED-based system that uses one link with a wide transmission beam and relaxed alignment constraints to support a more narrow, precisely aligned, higher-data-rate link. The use of an optical link with relaxed alignment constraints to support the alignment of a more precisely aligned link motivates our exploration of a panoramic imaging receiver for estimating the range and bearing of neighboring nodes. The precision of such a system is analyzed and an experimental system is realized. Finally, we present an experimental prototype of a self-aligning LED-based link.

Design of bicycling suitability maps for hilly cities

Post-print version. Pictures and tables separated from main text and presented at the end.

FY 2016 Equipment and Vehicle Revolving Fund report

The Equipment and Vehicle Revolving Fund report covers all equipment and vehicle purchases through the highway materials and equipment revolving fund during FY 2016.

How to Efficiently Control the Title and Registration Mail-in Workload Backlog Processing

The Titles and Registration Mail-In Unit of the Department of Motor Vehicles only processes title and registration work that has been mailed in. During the time periods of May through June and November through January, the mail workload backlog becomes overbearing. This research will attempt to find out the cause of this increase backlog during those periods, determine what procedures or steps are currently in place and unnecessarily creating needless work that has a direct correlation with the backlog and deploy a recommendation that will totally eliminate peak time backlog work loads.

Captain Buckle Up and the highway super heroes

This coloring book depicts Captain Buckle Up teaching children why its important to use seat belts properly. It also shows how car seats for children are important.

Cinétique de photolyse d’oxydes d’azote sous rayonnement UV

Le smog photochimique est un phénomène qui prend de l'ampleur dans les grandes villes industrialisées. Il est la cause de plusieurs maladies respiratoires. Son apparition provient majoritairement des polluants émis par les véhicules automobiles, soit les hydrocarbures et les oxydes d'azote. Le rayonnement du soleil interagit avec ces espèces chimiques et le dioxygène présent dans l'atmosphère pour mener à une production d'ozone troposphérique importante. L'ozone en basse altitude endommage les écosystèmes et est nocif pour la santé humaine. Le sujet de recherche est d'abord axé sur la réaction limitante du processus qui crée le smog photochimique : la photolyse du dioxyde d'azote. Quoique cette réaction est assez bien connue dans la littérature en phase gazeuse, les données expérimentales en phase condensée sont manquantes. Les travaux ont été effectués dans le but de combler le manque d'information à ce sujet. En premier lieu, les conditions optimales pour l'isolation du NO[indice inférieur 2] par matrice de gaz rare ont été déterminées. Par la suite, l'irradiation des échantillons du mélange NO[indice inférieur 2] et gaz rare a été effectuée. Par spectroscopie infrarouge à angle rasant, il a été possible de suivre l'évolution de la destruction des molécules de NO[indice inférieur 2] en fonction du temps. Différentes hypothèses sont émises afin d'interpréter les données de cinétique obtenues. Ces hypothèses sont alors testées à partir d'expériences sous-jacentes ou expliquées selon des principes théoriques. Finalement, un modèle exprimant le profil du champ électrique à l'intérieur de films minces a été construit. Ce modèle s'inspire des effets d'interférences observés par spectroscopie d'absorption-réflexion. En guise de conclusion, une proposition d'expérience pour supporter le modèle du champ électrique est décrite. La portée du modèle s'étend à tous les processus impliquant un rayonnement lumineux sur une surface réfléchissante. Bien qu'il serve principalement à expliquer le taux de photolyse observé dans le cadre du projet de maîtrise, le modèle est applicable à plusieurs spectroscopies en réflexion.