Esforços governamentais locais para o desenvolvimento: desenhos, tendências e limites dos Fundos de Desenvolvimento Industrial nos estados do Rio Grande do Norte, Maranhão e Ceará (1985-2010)

This research aimed to analyze the main government efforts to promote economic development in the Northeast, from 1985 to 2010, under the view that growth is crucial for increasing industrialization process and allows for more significant growth patterns. The analysis was the context in which state governments react to the abandonment of developmental line the federal level, in the 1980s, incorporating features of the actions called endogenous regional development and providing local players with greater responsibility in the development process. Justifies the need to analyze the following scenario: state governments in northeastern Brazil using relevant part of its resources to finance the installation and expansion of companies through tax incentives, with a view to generating income and employment, whilst waiting for an increase in output and a positive change in economic dynamism. In addition, it puts in question the fact that these policies receive such importance of state administrations for the purpose of achieving regional development. It was left to consider, therefore, the contents of the shares elected by state governments to examine the scope of these policies both in the pattern of growth, the transformation of the industrial sector and the development of the region attention to changes in state production structures. Due to limitations on the availability of data and time to carry out research, we were elected three states for the study: Rio Grande do Norte, Ceará and Maranhão. The study found that, despite the contribution of policies analyzed to economic growth, sub-national states are unable to compensate for the lack of development agencies structured at the federal level.

Análise de confiabilidade de um moto-ventilador centrífugo: aplicação no sistema de pressurização de subestação industrial para garantia da segurança operacional na indústria petroquímica

The need of the oil industry to ensure the safety of the facilities, employees and the environment, not to mention the search for maximum efficiency of its facilities, makes it seeks to achieve a high level of excellence in all stages of its production processes in order to obtain the required quality of the final product. Know the reliability of equipment and what it stands for a system is of fundamental importance for ensuring the operational safety. The reliability analysis technique has been increasingly applied in the oil industry as fault prediction tool and undesirable events that can affect business continuity. It is an applied scientific methodology that involves knowledge in engineering and statistics to meet and or analyze the performance of components, equipment and systems in order to ensure that they perform their function without fail, for a period of time and under a specific condition. The results of reliability analyzes help in making decisions about the best maintenance strategy of petrochemical plants. Reliability analysis was applied on equipment (bike-centrifugal fan) between the period 2010-2014 at the Polo Petrobras Guamaré Industrial, situated in rural Guamaré municipality in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, where he collected data field, analyzed historical equipment and observing the behavior of faults and their impacts. The data were processed in commercial software reliability ReliaSoft BlockSim 9. The results were compared with a study conducted by the experts in the field in order to get the best maintenance strategy for the studied system. With the results obtained from the reliability analysis tools was possible to determine the availability of the centrifugal motor-fan and what will be its impact on the security of process units if it will fail. A new maintenance strategy was established to improve the reliability, availability, maintainability and decreased likelihood of Moto-Centrifugal Fan failures, it is a series of actions to promote the increased system reliability and consequent increase in cycle life of the asset. Thus, this strategy sets out preventive measures to reduce the probability of failure and mitigating aimed at minimizing the consequences.

Análise das principais variáveis na flotação industrial do complexo de mineração de Tapira - MG

Faced with an agribusiness expansion scenario and the increase in fertilizer consumption due to the exponential growth of the population, it is necessary to make better use of existing reserves, by obtaining products of better quality and in adequate quantities to meet demand national. In Tapira Mining Complex, Vale Fertilizantes, the phosphate concentrate is produced with content of 35.0% P2O5 from ore with content of about 8.0% P2O5, which are intended to supply Complex Industrial Uberaba and Araxá Minero Chemical Complex for the production of fertilizers. The industrial flotation step responsible for the recovery of P2O5 and hence the viability of the business is divided into the crumbly, grainy and ultrathin circuits, and, friable and granular concentrate comprise the conventional concentrated. Today only 14.7% of the mass which feeds the mill product becomes, the remainder being considered losses in the process, and the larger mass losses are located in the waste of flotation, representing 42.3%. From 2012 to 2014, the daily global mass recovery processing plants varied from 12.4 to 15.9% while the daily metallurgical recovery of P2O5 from 48.7 to 82.4%. By the degree of variability, it appears that the plant operated under different conditions. Seen this, this study aimed to analyze the influence of operational and process variables in P2O5 mass and metallurgical recoveries of industrial flotation circuits of grainy, crumbly and ultrathin. And besides was made an analysis of the effect of ore variables, as degrees, hardnesse and the ore front 02 percentage, in global recoveries of processing plant and the effect of dosages of reagents in the recoveries obtained from the bench flotation using the experimental design methodology. All work was performed using the historical database of Vale Fertilizantes of Tapira-MG, where all independent variables were dimensionless as the experimental range used. To make the statistical analysis it used the response surface technique and the values of the independent variables that maximize recoveries were found by canonical analysis. In the study of industrial flotation circuit crispy were obtained from 41.3% mass recovery and 91.3% metallurgical recovery P2O5, good values for the circuit, and the highest recoveries occur for solids concentration of the new flotation power between 45 and 50%, which values are assigned to the residence time of the pulp in cells and industrial flotation columns. The greater the number of ore heaps resumed on the higher the mass recovery, but in this scenario flotation becomes unstable because there is enormous weight variation in the feed. Higher recoveries are obtained for mass depressant dosage exceeding 120 g / t for synthetic collector dosage of 11.6%. In the study of industrial flotation circuit of the granulate were obtained 28.3% to 79.4% mass recovery and metallurgical recovery of P2O5 being considered good values for the circuit. Higher recoveries are obtained when the front ore 02 percentage is above 90%, because the ore of this front have more clear apatite. Likewise recoveries increase when the level of pulp rougher step is highest due to the high mass of circulating step receives loads. In the analysis of industrial flotation circuit of the ultrafine were obtained 23.95% of mass recovery, and the same is maximized to depressant dosage and the top collector 420 and 300 g / t, respectively. The analysis of the influence of variables ore, it was observed that higher recoveries are obtained for ores with P2O5 content above 8.0%, Fe2O3 content in the order of 28% forward and 02 of ore percentage of 83%. Hard ore percentage has strong influence on recoveries due to mass division in the circuit that is linked to this variable. However, the hard ore percentage that maximizes recoveries was very close to the design capacity of the processing plant, which is 20%. Finally, the study of the bench flotation, has noted that in friable and granular circuits the highest recoveries are achieved for a collector dosage exceeding 250 g / t and the simultaneous increase of collector dosage and synthetic collector percentage contributes to the increase recovery in the flotation, but this scenario is suitable to produce a concentrate poorer in terms of P2O5 content, showing that higher recovery is not always the ideal scenario. Thus, the results show the values of variables that provide higher recoveries in the flotation and hence lower losses in the waste.

China in Global Value Chains: Implications for Industrial Policy and Development

Rapid technological advances and liberal trade regimes permit functional reintegration of dispersed activities into new border-spanning business networks variously referred to as global value chains (GVCs). Given that the gains of a country from GVCs depend on the activities taking place in its jurisdiction and their linkages to global markets, this study starts by providing a descriptive overview of China’s economic structure and trade profile. The first two chapters of this paper demonstrate what significant role GVCs have played in China’s economic growth, evident in enhanced productivity, diversification, and sophistication of China’s exports, and how these economic benefits have propelled China’s emergence as the world’s manufacturing hub in the past two decades. However, benefits from GVC participation – in particular technological learning, knowledge building, and industrial upgrading – are not automatic. What strategies would help Chinese industries engage with GVCs in ways that are deemed sustainable in the long run? What challenges and related opportunities China would face throughout the implementation process? The last two chapters of this paper focus on implications of GVCs for China’s industrial policy and development. Chapter Three examines how China is reorienting its manufacturing sector toward the production of higher value-added goods and expanding its service sector, both domestically and internationally; while Chapter Four provides illustrative policy recommendations on dealing with the positive and negative outcomes triggered by GVCs, within China and beyond the country’s borders. To the end, this study also hopes to shed some light on the lessons and complexities that arise from GVC participation for other developing countries.

Parallel nonconvex generalized Benders decomposition for natural gas production network planning under uncertainty

A scenario-based two-stage stochastic programming model for gas production network planning under uncertainty is usually a large-scale nonconvex mixed-integer nonlinear programme (MINLP), which can be efficiently solved to global optimality with nonconvex generalized Benders decomposition (NGBD). This paper is concerned with the parallelization of NGBD to exploit multiple available computing resources. Three parallelization strategies are proposed, namely, naive scenario parallelization, adaptive scenario parallelization, and adaptive scenario and bounding parallelization. Case study of two industrial natural gas production network planning problems shows that, while the NGBD without parallelization is already faster than a state-of-the-art global optimization solver by an order of magnitude, the parallelization can improve the efficiency by several times on computers with multicore processors. The adaptive scenario and bounding parallelization achieves the best overall performance among the three proposed parallelization strategies.

Measuring the Diversity and the Integration of Film Production in Mercosur: A Social Network Analysis

Based on an original and comprehensive database of all feature fiction films produced in Mercosur between 2004 and 2012, the paper analyses whether the Mercosur film industry has evolved towards an integrated and culturally more diverse market. It provides a summary of policy opportunities in terms of integration and diversity, emphasizing the limiter role played by regional policies. It then shows that although the Mercosur film industry remains rather disintegrated, it tends to become more integrated and culturally more diverse. From a methodological point of view, the combination of Social Network Analysis and the Stirling Model opens up interesting research tracks to analyse creative industries in terms of their market integration and their cultural diversity.

Sustainable solutions for the construction sector: integration of secondary raw materials in the production cycle of concrete

The construction industry is one of the largest consumers of raw materials and energy and one of the highest contributor to green-houses gases emissions. In order to become more sustainable it needs to reduce the use of both raw materials and energy, thus lim-iting its environmental impact. Developing novel technologies to integrate secondary raw materials (i.e. lightweight recycled aggre-gates and alkali activated “cementless” binders - geopolymers) in the production cycle of concrete is an all-inclusive solution to im-prove both sustainability and cost-efficiency of construction industry. SUS-CON “SUStainable, Innovative and Energy-Efficiency CONcrete, based on the integration of all-waste materials” is an European project (duration 2012-2015), which aim was the inte-gration of secondary raw materials in the production cycle of concrete, thus resulting in innovative, sustainable and cost-effective building solutions. This paper presents the main outcomes related to the successful scaling-up of SUS-CON concrete solutions in traditional production plants. Two European industrial concrete producers have been involved, to design and produce both pre-cast components (blocks and panels) and ready-mixed concrete. Recycled polyurethane foams and mixed plastics were used as aggre-gates, PFA (Pulverized Fuel Ash, a by-product of coal fuelled power plants) and GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag, a by-product of iron and steel industries) as binders. Eventually, the installation of SUS-CON concrete solutions on real buildings has been demonstrated, with the construction of three mock-ups located in Europe (Spain, Turkey and Romania)

A proposal to the supervision of processes in an industrial environment with heterogeneous systems

SOUZA, Rodrigo B. ; MEDEIROS, Adelardo A. D. ; NASCIMENTO, João Maria A. ; GOMES, Heitor P. ; MAITELLI, André L. A Proposal to the Supervision of Processes in an Industrial Environment with Heterogeneous Systems. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEEOF THE INDUSTRUI ELECTRONICS SOCIETY,32., Paris, 2006, Paris. Anais... Paris: IECON, 2006

International capital and new frontiers of biofuel production in brazilian midwest

v. 18, n.1, jan./mar. 2016.

Gestão de energia em ambiente industrial

A Sociedade da Água de Luso, S.A., localizada no concelho de Mealhada, é uma empresa do setor do engarrafamento de águas minerais naturais, de nascente e de consumo humano. Esta realiza as suas atividades, tendo em consideração a eficiência energética, ao longo do seu processo produtivo. Desta forma, o trabalho desenvolvido teve como objetivo o acompanhamento da implementação do sistema de monitorização e recolha de dados, que posteriormente foi útil na redução dos consumos energéticos (consumo de ar comprimido). Para além disto, também foi proposta uma medida de eficiência energética que visa a redução de energia elétrica na área da iluminação. O sistema de monitorização e recolha de dados e a criação de uma equipa de redução do consumo de ar comprimido permitiram a identificação das áreas de atuação, a monitorização das metas estipuladas no âmbito da equipa e a detecção de anomalias. A medida de eficiência energética aplicada incide na substituição de lâmpadas fluorescentes tubulares T8 por lâmpadas fluorescentes tubulares T5. Assim, a implementação deste sistema e a aplicação das medidas de eficiência energética na rede de ar comprimido no âmbito da equipa permitiram uma redução de 0,03 kWh/hL o que significa uma poupança de 5.600 € em quinze semanas. Ao nível da iluminação as medidas sugeridas permitem uma redução de 8.945 kWh/ano o que corresponde a uma poupança de 1.055 €/ano.

A finite-volume shallow layer method for the MHD instabilities in an aluminium production cell

An electrolytic cell for Aluminium production contains molten metal and molten electrolyte, which are subject to high dc-currents and magnetic fields. Lorentz forces arising from the cross product of current and magnetic field may amplify natural gravity waves at the interface between the two fluids, leading to short circuits in extreme cases. The external magnetic field and current distribution in the production cell is computed through a detailed finite element analysis at Torino Polytechnic. The results are then used to compute the magnetohydrodynamic and thermal effects in the aluminium/electrolyte bath. Each cell has lateral dimensions of 6m x 2m, whilst the bath depth is only 30cm. the electrically resistive electrolyte path, which is critical in the operation of the cell, has layer depth of only a few centimetres below each carbon anode. Because the shallow dimensions of the liquid layer a finite-volume shallow-layer technique has been used at Greenwich to compute the resulting flow-field and interface perturbations. The information obtained from this method, i.e. depth averaged velocities and aluminium/electrolyte interface position is then embedded in the three-dimensional finite volume code PHYSICA and will be used to compute the heat transfer and phase change in the cell.

A proposal to the supervision of processes in an industrial environment with heterogeneous systems

SOUZA, Rodrigo B. ; MEDEIROS, Adelardo A. D. ; NASCIMENTO, João Maria A. ; GOMES, Heitor P. ; MAITELLI, André L. A Proposal to the Supervision of Processes in an Industrial Environment with Heterogeneous Systems. In: INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEEOF THE INDUSTRUI ELECTRONICS SOCIETY,32., Paris, 2006, Paris. Anais... Paris: IECON, 2006

Energy requirements for the continuous biohydrogen production from Spirogyra biomass in a sequential batch reactor

The current energy market requires urgent revision for the introduction of renewable, less-polluting and inexpensive energy sources. Biohydrogen (bioH2) is considered to be one of the most appropriate options for this model shift, being easily produced through the anaerobic fermentation of carbohydrate-containing biomass. Ideally, the feedstock should be low-cost, widely available and convertible into a product of interest. Microalgae are considered to possess the referred properties, being also highly valued for their capability to assimilate CO2 [1]. The microalga Spirogyra sp. is able to accumulate high concentrations of intracellular starch, a preferential carbon source for some bioH2 producing bacteria such as Clostridium butyricum [2]. In the present work, Spirogyra biomass was submitted to acid hydrolysis to degrade polymeric components and increase the biomass fermentability. Initial tests of bioH2 production in 120 mL reactors with C. butyricum yielded a maximum volumetric productivity of 141 mL H2/L.h and a H2 production yield of 3.78 mol H2/mol consumed sugars. Subsequently, a sequential batch reactor (SBR) was used for the continuous H2 production from Spirogyra hydrolysate. After 3 consecutive batches, the fermentation achieved a maximum volumetric productivity of 324 mL H2/L.h, higher than most results obtained in similar production systems [3] and a potential H2 production yield of 10.4 L H2/L hydrolysate per day. The H2 yield achieved in the SBR was 2.59 mol H2/mol, a value that is comparable to those attained with several thermophilic microorganisms [3], [4]. In the present work, a detailed energy consumption of the microalgae value-chain is presented and compared with previous results from the literature. The specific energy requirements were determined and the functional unit considered was gH2 and MJH2. It was possible to identify the process stages responsible for the highest energy consumption during bioH2 production from Spirogyra biomass for further optimisation.

Impact de la lumière sur la production de protéines recombinantes chez Nicotiana benthamiana

La moléculture végétale est une approche prometteuse pour la production de protéines d’intérêt médical ou industriel. Considérant les variations de rendement possibles dans une plante soumise à différentes conditions culturales, nos objectifs étaient : (i) de cartographier l’accumulation d’un antigène viral d’intérêt clinique dans les feuilles du tabac sauvage Nicotiana benthamiana utilisé comme bio-usine, et (ii) d’évaluer l’impact de la lumière en période de croissance sur le rendement total en antigène. Nous avons étudié les relations entre l’âge foliaire, le régime lumineux, l’expression du transgène et le rendement final en antigène dans les feuilles. Nos données confirment l’influence de l’âge sur les variations de rendement d’une feuille à l’autre, et l’impact positif de l’intensité lumineuse sur le rendement par plante. Elles mettent aussi en relief l’importance des tiges secondaires sur le rendement et le rôle clé de la transcription du transgène sur la teneur en antigène à l’échelle cellulaire.

Optimization of lipase production from yeasts strains isolated from olive mil wastewater

Dissertação submetida à Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Microbiologia Aplicada.