Amiloidosis diagnosticada mediante punción aspiración de grasa subcutánea en un servicio de Medicina Interna.

La amiloidosis es una enfermedad por depósito de amiloide en diferentes tejidos, produciendo su disfunción. Es infrecuente, con elevada mortalidad y escasas opciones terapéuticas. La punción de grasa subcutánea (PAG) es segura y sensible para diagnosticarla, pero por su clínica inespecífica, es necesario sospecharla. Estudio retrospectivo de las PAGs en 22 años de un Servicio de Medicina Interna. La quinta parte resultaron positivos. Se describen sus características clínicas y mortalidad, señalando las enfermedades predisponentes y parámetros del laboratorio más característicos. Se analiza la ecocardiografia en el diagnóstico y la dificultad de la PAG en pacientes con escaso panículo adiposo.

Hábitos y estilos de vida modificables en niños con sobrepeso y obesidad.

INTRODUCTION In the prevention for being overweight and for obesity, much attention is given to the influence of dietary factors, making the joint evaluation with other modifiable factors necessary. OBJECTIVES The aim of this project is to study the association between modifiable factors (physical activity, sedentary lifestyle, and dietary habits) with the prevalence of being overweight or obese in the youth population. METHODS Cross-Sectional study of 1283 school children between the ages of 3 and 16 years old, with measurements of the MBI, dietary habits, physical activity, sedentary lifestyle and family history of being overweight. Physical activity measured in MET was classified according to Pate criteria. RESULTS 22.4% of the boys and 32.9% of the girls were overweight. The presence of a BMI>25 in parents multiplied by 2.4 the risk of being overweight in children (OR CI 95% 1.5-3.7). 63.6% of overweight boys meet physical activity recommendations compared with 52.2% of girls, although in their case, it was greater than the average (45%). Sedentary time was 141 minutes for men and 128 minutes for women, with more sedentary behaviors associated with being overweight, especially in girls over 12 years of age (66.7%). Consuming cereal (OR 0.8) and having five meals per day (OR 0.5) act as protective factors. CONCLUSIONS In subjects with overweight, the levels of physical activity are close to those recommended levels, so which the values of a sedentary lifestyle together with dietary habits (if the parents have overweight) acquire a new relevance in intervention strategies of this problem.

Ceruloplasmina y su importancia clínica como factor indicador del riesgo cardiovascular en una población de escolares de Granada.

Also known as ferroxidase ceruloplasmin, belongs to the family of inflammation-sensitive proteins, and its main function to transport copper in the blood. Although, in addition to this transport function, at present, there are numerous studies that have attempted to use the determination of serum concentrations as a predictive indicator of cardiovascular risk in patients who are overweight or obese. The results of this study confirm the existence of a significant correlation between serum ceruloplasmin and nutritional status of the subjects, which means that for the population of students assessed, serum levels of this protein are an important predictor the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Estudio longitudinal del Índice de masa corporal (IMC) en pacientes en diálisis

Chronic renal failure is commonly related to hyponutrition, affecting approximately on third of patients with advanced renal failure. We carried out a longitudinal study to assess nutritional evolution of 73 patients on a regular hemodialysis program, assessing changes in the anthropometrical parameter body mass index (BMI) and its correspondence to biochemical nutritional parameters such as total protein (TP) levels and serum albumin (Alb). Every three months plasma TP and albumin levels were collected and BMI was calculated by the standard formula: post-dialysis weight in kg/height in m2. For classifying by BMI categories, overweight and low weight were defined according to the WHO Expert Committee. Studied patients had a mean age of 53 years, 43 were male and 30 were female patients. BMI in women was lower than that in men (p < 0.001), as well as TP (p < 0.001) and Alb (p < 0.001) levels. Mean BMI was 29.3 kg/m2. Three point two percent of the determinations showed low weight, 12.16% overweight, and 83.97% normal BMI. TP were normal in 90.76% and decreased in 9.24%. Alb was normal in 82.2% and low in 17.78%. After the follow-up time (21.6 months, minimum 18 months, maximum 53 months), the Kruskal-Wallis test did not show a statistically significant change for BMI but it did show a change for the biochemical parameters albumin and total proteins (p < 0.05): nutritional impairment in CRF patients is manifested on biochemical parameters (TP and Alb) with no reflection on anthropometrical data.

Adipose tissue gene expression of factors related to lipid processing in obesity.

BACKGROUND Adipose tissue lipid storage and processing capacity can be a key factor for obesity-related metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and diabetes. Lipid uptake is the first step to adipose tissue lipid storage. The aim of this study was to analyze the gene expression of factors involved in lipid uptake and processing in subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue according to body mass index (BMI) and the degree of insulin resistance (IR). METHODS AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS VLDL receptor (VLDLR), lipoprotein lipase (LPL), acylation stimulating protein (ASP), LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) and fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) gene expression was measured in VAT and SAT from 28 morbidly obese patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) or high IR, 10 morbidly obese patients with low IR, 10 obese patients with low IR and 12 lean healthy controls. LPL, FABP4, LRP1 and ASP expression in VAT was higher in lean controls. In SAT, LPL and FABP4 expression were also higher in lean controls. BMI, plasma insulin levels and HOMA-IR correlated negatively with LPL expression in both VAT and SAT as well as with FABP4 expression in VAT. FABP4 gene expression in SAT correlated inversely with BMI and HOMA-IR. However, multiple regression analysis showed that BMI was the main variable contributing to LPL and FABP4 gene expression in both VAT and SAT. CONCLUSIONS Morbidly obese patients have a lower gene expression of factors related with lipid uptake and processing in comparison with healthy lean persons.

FABP4 Dynamics in Obesity: Discrepancies in Adipose Tissue and Liver Expression Regarding Circulating Plasma Levels.

BACKGROUND FABP4 is predominantly expressed in adipose tissue, and its circulating levels are linked with obesity and a poor atherogenic profile. OBJECTIVE In patients with a wide BMI range, we analyze FABP4 expression in adipose and hepatic tissues in the settings of obesity and insulin resistance. Associations between FABP4 expression in adipose tissue and the FABP4 plasma level as well as the main adipogenic and lipolytic genes expressed in adipose tissue were also analyzed. METHODS The expression of several lipogenic, lipolytic, PPAR family and FABP family genes was analyzed by real time PCR. FABP4 protein expression in total adipose tissues and its fractions were determined by western blot. RESULTS In obesity FABP4 expression was down-regulated (at both mRNA and protein levels), with its levels mainly predicted by ATGL and inversely by the HOMA-IR index. The BMI appeared as the only determinant of the FABP4 variation in both adipose tissue depots. FABP4 plasma levels showed a significant progressive increase according to BMI but no association was detected between FABP4 circulating levels and SAT or VAT FABP4 gene expression. The gene expression of FABP1, FABP4 and FABP5 in hepatic tissue was significantly higher in tissue from the obese IR patients compared to the non-IR group. CONCLUSION The inverse pattern in FABP4 expression between adipose and hepatic tissue observed in morbid obese patients, regarding the IR context, suggests that both tissues may act in a balanced manner. These differences may help us to understand the discrepancies between circulating plasma levels and adipose tissue expression in obesity.

Conozca su Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC para adultos)

Publicado en la página web de la Consejería de Salud y Bienestar social: www.juntadeandalucia.es/salud (Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social / Profesionales / Salud Pública / Promoción de la Salud / Actividad Física y Alimentación Equilibrada / Consejo dietético)

La cascarilla cerámica y su uso innovador

The ceramic shell is a material mainly used for making foundry molds. This research demonstrates that ceramic shell can be used for making sculptures with exceptional definition in its finish. The research has identified a number of advantages of the material to meet the challenges of an artist during the making of a sculpture. The research has been developed in six stages: In the first stage data were collected from the chaff as the process material. This was the starting point for research. In the second stage, we have set the appropriate composition of the slurry, both in percentage and type of binder, and firing curve. To this end, we evaluated the application characteristics, thickness, drying, mechanical strength, the reduction coefficient and porosity. In the third stage it was observed that the husk is suitable for all types of materials acting as support. It was also found that the slurry can be used with various sculptural processes: modeling, molding using silicone or plaster mold, shuttering, with internal metal frame, and so on. In addition, we have established methods to repair and modify the husk by hand and power tools. In the fourth stage we have found ways to modify the surface of the husk with other minerals that affect the structure: introduction of filing of copper, bronze and iron in the slurry ceramics, different staining procedure in hot or cold, by enamel slip, and so on. In the fifth stage sculptures were made using the methods established in the previous stages, to verify this hypothesis. The sixth stage, which is annexed, contains a new method to process the ceramic shell as a mold in casting that emerged from the proven methods in the investigation.

El riesgo de depredación y la competencia intraespecífica alteran el comportamiento de dispersión de semillas por parte de roedores

Los roedores tienen un importante papel como dispersores/depredadores de bellotas en los bosques Mediterráneos de Quercus spp. Existe abundante información del efecto de factores intrínsecos de las semillas (tamaño, composición) en la selección de las bellotas por estos animales, mientras que la influencia de otros procesos como el riesgo de depredación o la competencia intraespecífica han estado mucho menos estudiados. En un bosque mixto de encina y roble en el Parque Natural de Collserola, se ha investigado el patrón de dispersión/depredación de bellotas por parte del ratón de campo (Apodemus sylvaticus) en función del riesgo de depredación por parte de jineta (Genetta genetta) y la competencia intraespecífica (mediante un experimento en el que estos factores se simulaban a partir de olores). Un censo previo determinó que la población de roedores presente en el área de estudio estaba formada principalmente por Apodemys sylvaticus. Éstos respondieron al tratamiento de olor pues se observó un retraso significativo en la manipulación de bellotas de jineta respecto a los otros dos tratamientos. Asimismo, respecto a la distancia de dispersión se observó que las bellotas del tratamiento con olor a ratón eran dispersadas a menor distancia, a una distancia intermedia las de jineta y a mayor distancia las del tratamiento control. En todos los tratamientos, las bellotas dispersadas a zonas de microhábitat abierto fueron menos depredadas. Este trabajo sugiere que el patrón espacio temporal de dipersión/depredación de bellotas en bosques de encina y roble puede tener una elevada complejidad, a la vez que subraya el interés de mantener la integridad de las redes tróficas por sus efectos directos e indirectos sobre las poblaciones de organismos situados a diferentes niveles.

Estudio del síndrome metabólico y de la obesidad en pacientes en hemodiálisis.

INTRODUCTION: The metabolic syndrome (MS) consists of a set of clinical and biochemical changes. It is very common among chronic hemodialysis patients, being the leading cause of death in these patients, 44% of all patients undergoing this therapy. AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of MS and risk factors associated with its development, as well as the prevalence of obesity in HD patients. METHODS: This study has followed 90 patients of both sexes with chronic renal failure (CRF) who were treated with hemodialysis periodically in our unit for ten years. All patients were performed quarterly measurements of plasma albumin (A1b) and other biochemical analysis; besides, they underwent some anthropometric measurements like weight, height and body mass index (BMI). This was calculated using weight / size2 formula and grouped in BMI values according to WHO criteria. The data concerning hypertension and glucose were also considered. RESULTS: The prevalence of MS was 25% and obesity was presented as follows: 45% with type I overweight; 30.8% with type II overweight and 12 patients (2%) were obese. Being statistically significant as risk factors, BMI, overweight, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol as well as hypertension and elevated glucose levels were obtained. CONCLUSIONS: The metabolic syndrome compromises the patient survival causing a high prevalence in these patients. The principal risk factors in MS are monitoring weight, BMI, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, hypertension and diabetes.

Estudio y prevalencia de la diabetes mellitus postrasplante; análisis en un grupo de pacientes trasplantados renales.

INTRODUCTION: The onset of post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) among kidney recipients is associated with an increased risk of graft failure and high rates of morbidity and mortality. Minimize the risk of PTDM is a priority for improving long-term survival rates. Aims. This study aims to assess the prevalence of PTDM in a renal transplant patient population, to identify risk factors and assess the graft and patient survival. METHODS: The sample consisted of 112 renal transplant patients , 69 men and 43 women , renal transplant , who attended for five years post-transplant consultation. Were analyzed as potential risk factors for PTDM : age , sex, body mass index (BMI ) , obesity , VHC , hypertension, dyslipidemia , total cholesterol (TC) , serum triglyceride and immunosuppressive therapy ( cyclosporine , tacrolimus , mycophenolate mofetil and sirolimus ), also the prevalence of acute rejection episodes was evaluated. RESULTS: The prevalence of PTDM was 24.2 %, compared with 85 patients (75.8%) with standard glucose (PGN) . PTDM patients showed a higher BMI , a higher percentage of overweight , dyslipidemia , total cholesterol levels , triglycerides and performed a greater percentage of patients with PDMPT including Mycophenolate mofetil was administered. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high incidence of PTDM in kidney recipients , the importance of weight control and strict adherence to all identified risk factors , as well as in minimizing the doses of immunosuppressive therapies to prevent the onset of PTDM.

Caracterización de los pacientes trasplantados por Cirrosis Criptogénica. Estudio comparativo de la evolución post-trasplante hepático de las Cirrosis secundarias a EHDG y las Cirrosis Enólicas.

Nuestro objetivo es comparar la evolución post-trasplante hepático de los pacientes con cirrosis por una enfermedad hepática por depósito de grasa (EHDG) y los pacientes trasplantados por cirrosis enólica desde el punto de vista de supervivencia y complicaciones metabólicas y desarrollo de complicaciones cardiovascular con un seguimiento post-trasplante a medio plazo. Se estudiaron retrospectivamente los pacientes sometidos a TH por Cirrosis Criptogénica en nuestro centro, desde el 1 de enero de 1997 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2006 (caracterizando aquellos con fenotipo de EHDG subyacente). La mayoría de pacientes trasplantados por CC en nuestro centro corresponden a una cirrosis secundaria a EHDG. La prevalencia de CHC es mayor en estos pacientes que en los TH por OH. El desarrollo de complicaciones metabólicas, enfermedad cardiovascular y supervivencia al 5º año post-TH fue similar a los pacientes trasplantados por cirrosis OH.

Estudio sobre la variación del contenido de grasa en la anchoveta peruana (engraulis ringens J.)

Estudio de la variación estacional del contenido graso en las muestras de anchoveta analizadas en Chimbote, Callao e Ilo, observándose dos máximos: uno de otoño y otro en primavera; pero más marcadamente en otoño, en tanto, que el bajo contenido graso se presenta en verano y más intensamente en invierno.

Distribución y variación estacional de larvas de peces en la costa peruana

Presenta una contribución al conocimiento de la composición del ictioplancton y de las características ecológicas de las áreas de crianza de los peces que se encuentran en el litoral peruano.

Aspectos biológico - pesqueros de los recursos pelágicos peruanos. Crucero BIC Humboldt y BIC SNP-1 9508-09

El Crucero de Evaluación de la Biomasa Desovante de anchoveta y sardina en 1995 empleó el Método de Producción de Huevos (MPH), abarcando el área comprendida entre Tambo de Mora y Paita, entre las 0 y 60 mn y 4 perfiles hidrográficos hasta las150 mn. La información analizada proviene de las capturas y muestreos biológicos de los 89 lances de comprobación ejecutados (66 del BIC Humboldt y 23 del SNP-1). La composición por especies estuvo conformada principalmente por anchoveta (Engraulis ringens), sardina (Sardinops sagax sagax), jurel (Trachurus picturatus murphyi) y caballa (Scomber japonicus). Especies capturadas incidentalmente fueron el "bagre con faja" (Galeichthys peruvianus) y el calamar (Loligo gahi). La distribución latitudinal de la anchoveta abarcó toda el área explorada y longitudinalmente hasta las 60 mn. La sardina, el jurel y la caballa mostraron una distribución amplia y dispersa hasta las 120 millas de la costa. La estructura por tamaños de anchoveta indicó la predominancia de ejemplares adultos, siendo escasa la presencia de juveniles. La sardina fue predominantemente juvenil, observada tanto en área costera como lejos de ésta. Las capturas de jurel y caballa estuvieron constituidas por ejemplares adultos. Las especies anchoveta y sardina se encontraban en pleno desove principal de invierno.