An application of reliability-based robustness assessment of steel moment resisting frame structures under post-mainshock cascading events

The paper presented herein proposes a reliability-based framework for quantifying the structural robustness considering the occurrence of a major earthquake (mainshock) and subsequent cascading hazard events, such as aftershocks that are triggered by the mainshock. These events can significantly increase the probability of failure of buildings, especially for structures that are damaged during the mainshock. The application of the proposed framework is exemplified through three numerical case studies. The case studies correspond to three SAC steel moment frame buildings of 3-, 9-, and 20- stories, which were designed to pre-Northridge codes and standards. Twodimensional nonlinear finite element models of the buildings are developed using the Open System for Earthquake Engineering Simulation framework (OpenSees), using a finite-length plastic hinge beam model and a bilinear constitutive law with deterioration, and are subjected to multiple mainshock-aftershock seismic sequences. For the three buildings analyzed herein, it is shown that the structural reliability under a single seismic event can be significantly different from that under a sequence of seismic events. The reliability-based robustness indicator used shows that the structural robustness is influenced by the extent by which a structure can distribute damage.

Caracterização de estirpes Mycobacterium Tuberculosis da família Lisboa: análise de regiões de diferença e single nucleotide polymorphisms

Dissertação apresentada para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Genética Molecular e Biomedicina, pela Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Freqüência e implicações dos auto-anticorpos em hepatites agudas virais

Existem interações entre viroses hepatotrópicas e o sistema imunológico do hospedeiro que podem influenciar na patogenicidade da agressão hepática. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a freqüência de auto-anticorpos na fase aguda da hepatite viral, sua relação com atividade bioquímica, gravidade da doença e cronicidade. Foram estudados 156 pacientes com hepatite aguda viral de 1992 a 2000. Destes, 32% tiveram infecção por vírus A, 31% por vírus B, 8% por vírus C, 3% tiveram hepatite E e 24% não A-E. Na fase aguda, 20,5% apresentaram FAN e 14,8% antimúsculo liso positivos. Na convalescença, 6,4% persistiram com FAN e 3,9% com antimúsculo liso positivos. Pacientes que persistiam com anticorpos detectáveis não apresentavam níveis de transaminases e bilirrubinas significativamente diferentes daqueles com auto-anticorpos negativos. Concluindo, os anticorpos que aparecem na fase inicial da infecção são transitórios e não têm implicação prognóstica.

Avatars and the «Imitation Game» – can machines smile?

Considering Alan Turing’s challenge in «Computing Machinery and Intelligence» (1950) – can machines play the «imitation game»? – it is proposed that the requirements of the Turing test are already implicitly being used for checking the credibility of virtual characters and avatars. Like characters, Avatars aim to visually express emotions (the exterior signs of the existence of feeling) and its creators have to resort to emotion codes. Traditional arts have profusely contributed for this field and, together with the science of anatomy, shaped the grounds for current Facial Action Coding System (FACS) and their databases. However, FACS researchers have to improve their «instruction tables» so that the machines will be able, in a near future, to be programmed to carry out the operation of recognizing human expressions (face and body) and classify them adequately. For the moment, the reproductions have to resort to the copy of real life expressions, and the presente smile of avatars comes from mirroring their human users.