938 resultados para 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol modified silica gel
Resumo:
We report the molecular beam epitaxy growth of 1.3 mu m InAs/GaAs quantum-dot (QD) lasers with high characteristic temperature T-0. The active region of the lasers consists of five-layer InAs QDs with p-type modulation doping. Devices with a stripe width of 4 mu m and a cavity length of 1200 mu m are fabricated and tested in the pulsed regime under different temperatures. It is found that T-0 of the QD lasers is as high as 532K in the temperature range from 10 degrees C to 60 degrees C. In addition, the aging test for the lasers under continuous wave operation at 100 degrees C for 72 h shows almost no degradation, indicating the high crystal quality of the devices.
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Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiopliene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films have been electrochemically polymerized in situ on ITO glass substrate in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate electrolyte (BFEE). Cyclic voltammograms show good redox activity and stability of the PEDOT films. These films had been directly used to fabricate organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells with the structure of ITO/PEDOT/ZnO:MDMC-PPV/Al. The solar cells made of electrochemically polymerized films exhibit higher energy conversion efficiencies compared with that prepared by the spin-coating method, and the highest value is 0.33%. This in-situ electropolymerized method effectively simplifies fabricating procedures and may blaze a facile and economical route for producing high-efficiency solar cells.
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We demonstrate 10 Gb/s directly-modulated 1.3 mu m InAs quantum-dot (QD) lasers grown on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The active region of the QD lasers consists of five-stacked InAs QD layers. Ridge-waveguide lasers with a ridge width of 4 mu m and a cavity length of 600 mu m are fabricated with standard lithography and wet etching techniques. It is found that the lasers emit at 1293 nm with a very low threshold current of 5 mA at room temperature. Furthermore, clear eye-opening patterns under 10 Gb/s modulation rate at temperatures of up to 50 degrees C are achieved by the QD lasers. The results presented here have important implications for realizing low-cost, low-power-consumption, and high-speed light sources for next-generation communication systems.
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We report highly efficient and stable organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with MoO3-doped perylene-3, 4, 9, 10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) as hole injection layer (HIL). A green OLED with structure of ITO/20 wt% MoO3: PTCDA/NPB/Alq(3)/LiF/Al shows a long lifetime of 1012 h at the initial luminance of 2000 cd/m(2), which is 1.3 times more stable than that of the device with MoO3 as HIL. The current efficiency of 4.7 cd/A and power efficiency of 3.7 lm/W at about 100 cd/m(2) have been obtained. The charge transfer complex between PTCDA and MoO3 plays a decisive role in improving the performance of OLEDs.
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铬系催化剂是合成1,2-聚丁二烯和3,4-聚异戊二烯的一种主要催化剂体系,1,2-聚丁二烯和3,4-聚异戊二烯是制造高性能轮胎的重要原料。本论文研究了以含氮化合物和含磷化合物为配体的铬催化剂合成1,2-聚丁二烯和3,4-聚异戊二烯的反应规律。 1. 以邻菲咯啉为配体的铬催化剂在己烷中50℃下可获得1,2-结构、顺-1,4-结构和反-1,4-结构单元含量分别约为50%、30%和20%,分子量呈双峰分布的聚丁二烯。改变聚合温度,可有效控制聚合物的1,2-结构含量和分子量及分布。催化剂通过预陈化方式,可有效抑制低聚物的生成。 2. 以亚磷酸二烷基酯为配体的铬催化剂是合成1,2-聚丁二烯的高效催化剂,所得聚合物具有高的1,2-结构含量(> 78%)。改变烷基铝和亚磷酸二烷基酯的结构,可以得到高熔点或低熔点间同1,2-聚丁二烯和无规1,2-聚丁二烯。催化剂以现配方式的活性最高。 3. 以磷酸三苯酯为配体的铬催化剂可获得间同1,2-聚丁二烯,而聚合物中含有低聚物。催化剂以现配方式的活性最高。聚合物的熔点,低聚物的含量与磷酸三苯酯的结构有一定的关系。 4. 以邻菲咯啉为配体的铬催化剂在50℃下聚合异戊二烯,具有高的催化活性,可获得3,4-结构含量约67%的高分子量无规3,4-聚异戊二烯。催化剂的组成对聚合物的微观结构无明显影响。改变聚合温度,可有效控制聚合物的3,4-结构含量和分子量及分布。
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1,2-聚丁二烯和3,4-聚异戊二烯是制造高性能轮胎的原料。本论文研究了以含磷化合物为第三组份的铁催化剂合成1,2-聚丁二烯和3,4-聚异戊二烯的反应规律:1.以二乙基亚磷酸酷为第三组份的铁催化剂可在己烷中,较高温度(50℃)下聚合1,3-丁二烯。通过控制催化剂组份的配比,可制备间同和无规1,2-聚丁二烯。所得间同1,2-聚丁二烯的1,2-结构含量为91%,间规度为90%;所得无规1,2-聚丁二烯的硫化胶具有优异的抗干、湿滑性能。2.以三苯基磷酸酷为第三组份的铁催化剂是合成高间同1,2一聚丁二烯的高效催化剂。所得聚合物具有高的1,2-结构含量(ca.95%),高的间规度(ca.95%)。聚合物的微观结构与催化剂组成等反应因素无关。3.以二烷基亚磷酸醋为第三组份的铁催化剂可在己烷中,较高温度(50℃)下聚合异戊二烯。二烷基亚磷酸醋中烷基影响聚合活性的顺序为乙基一甲基>正丁基>异辛基。所得聚异戊二烯的3,4(含1,2)结构含量保持在60%左右,不受反应条件的影响。4.改性甲基铝氧烷(MMAO)活化的铁催化剂聚合异戊二烯,在相当低的MMAO用量下(Al/Fe=20,摩尔比)即有高的催化活性。溶剂影响聚合活性的顺序为甲苯>环己烷>己烷>二氯甲烷。所得聚异戊二烯的3,4(含1,2)结构含量稳定在60%。
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癌症是世界发达国家和许多发展中国家人口的疾病主要死亡原因之一,其中,每年结直肠癌的新增病例和死亡病例排在癌症的第三位。在我国,北京、上海等地的统计资料显示,结直肠癌的发病上升很快 ,已排在癌症的第二位。结直肠癌的发生发展过程涉及一系列细胞和分子事件的改变,包括基因结构的异常和基因表达谱的异常。三叶因子(trefoil factor, TFF)是在上世纪80年代末到90初初由不同研究小组先后发现的含特殊的三叶因子结构域的蛋白多肽,其结构域的特征是含38-40个氨基酸残基的肽段中,有6保守的个半胱氨酸残基以1—5、2—4、3—6的方式形成二硫键,从而形成紧密的三叶结构域。在哺乳动物体内目前发现的三叶因子有三种,由粘膜组织内不同细胞合成并分泌到粘膜表面,对粘膜起保护作用。在粘膜损伤时,可通过多种途径促进上皮细胞迁移和抑制细胞凋亡,并促进血管形成,参与粘膜损伤的修复和重建。三叶因子在肿瘤组织中表达,则可能对癌症的发展起促进作用。研究资料显示,三叶因子在肿瘤中的表达异常与多种肿瘤的发生和发展过程有关。我们通过DNA测序检测结直肠癌组织中TFF1和TFF3基因各外显子的核苷酸序列,以确定是否存在基因突变。并用QRT-PCR和免疫组织化学的方法检测结直肠癌组织中TFF1和TFF3的mRNA和蛋白质的表达水平,分析其表达与结直肠癌的临床和病理特征之间的关系。同时,用ELISA方法检测结直肠癌患者血清中TFF1和TFF3的含量,以分析其与临床的关系,并逐步研究这两种三叶因子有否可能作为结直肠癌有用的血清分子标记。 目前得到以下研究结果:①在TFF1基因5`-端非翻译区位于起始密码上游—2bp处有一高频率的(C→T)突变位点,频率为40%,在其他非编码区也发现若干个较低频率的突变位点。未发现TFF3的基因突变;②TFF1和TFF3的mRNA水平在不同患者结直肠癌组织中的表达水平差异很大。与临床病理关系由于样品例数较少,未作统计学出理。结直肠癌组织中TFF1和TFF3蛋白表达检出阳性率分别为90%和94%。TFF1的表达与结直肠癌临床及病理类型未发现统计学意义,TFF3的表达上调与肿瘤淋巴结转移有关;③结直肠癌患者血清中TFF1的含量为(78.6575±53.300ng/ml),比健康人群血清TFF1含量(19.6457±5.3880ng/ml),增高约4倍,这一结果属首次报道。结直肠癌患者血清中TFF3的含量为(27.96±21.985ng/ml),比正常人群血清TFF3含量(9.0875±2.0315ng/ml)增高约3 1 倍。TFF1和TFF3能否作为结直肠癌的血清分子标志,尚需完善相关资料和作进一步研究。 TFF1和TFF3分别含一个三叶结构域,在靠近C-末端有一个游离的半胱氨酸巯基,TFF1和TFF3通过此二硫键形成同源二聚体,是其活性的主要形式。TFF2含两个三叶结构域,在三叶结构域外其靠近N-端和C-端各有一个半胱氨酸,两者以二硫键相连,形成紧密的结构。我们用pET系统克隆和表达人TFF2(hTFF2),以及TFF2三叶结构域外二硫键解开的突变型TFF2(MhTFF2),并测定细胞迁移活性。结果获得高效表达的hTFF2和MhTFF2,占细胞质总蛋白量的40%以上,经亲和层析后得到样品纯度在95%以上。对HCT116细胞株的划痕试验表明,hTFF2和MhTFF2对HCT116细胞具有迁移作用,细胞迁移数约为对照BSA的1.5倍。 结论:①结直肠癌组织中三叶因子-1和三叶因子-3基因突变不是三叶因子表达异常的主要原因;②TFF1和TFF3的转录水平在不同结直肠癌组织中有很多差异,TFF3蛋白的高表达与结直肠癌淋巴转移有关;③血清中TFF1和TFF3的含量检测可能会成为结直肠癌有用的血清分子标志;④pET质粒系统可高效表达可溶性三叶因子-2,并可表达获得有细胞迁移活性的重组融合蛋白TFF2;⑤TFF2的三叶结构域外的二硫键对TFF2的细胞迁移活性不是必须的。
Resumo:
The growth of multi-layer InGaAs/InAs/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is investigated,and a QD laser diode lasing at 1.33μm in continuous operation mode at room temperature is reported. The full width at half maximum of the band edge emitting peaks of the photoluminescence (PL) spectra at room temperature is less than 35meV for most of the multi-layer QD samples,revealing good,reproducible MBE growth conditions. Moreover,atomic force microscopy images show that the QD surface density can be controlled in the range from 1×10^10 to 7 ×10^10 cm^-2 . The best PL properties are obtained at a QD surface density of about 4×10^10cm^-2. Edge emitting lasers containing 3 and 5 stacked QD layers as the active layer lasing at room temperature in continuous wave operation mode are reported.