Référentiel de pratiques professionnelles: soins et surveillance des accès veineux centraux de l'adulte pour la nutrition parentérale [Formative assessment in clinical nutrition: Care management of parenteral nutrition central venous access]

Les voies veineuses centrales (VVC) sont essentielles pour l'administration de la nutrition parentérale. Le risque de complications est dépendant de la qualité des soins apportés à la VVC qui influence de ce fait la qualité de vie des patients et le coût des soins. Beaucoup de complications des VVC, infectieuses ou non, peuvent être prévenues par l'existence de protocoles de soins appropriés et standardisés. L'information sur les soins des VVC et les éventuelles complications est essentielle pour le dépistage et le traitement précoce de ces complications ; elle doit faire l'objet de protocoles partagés entre les patients et les soignants. Cet article décrit une évaluation des pratiques professionnelles sous la forme d'un audit clinique destiné à améliorer la qualité de soins des patients en nutrition parentérale porteurs de VVC. Central venous access devices (CVAD) are essential for the administration of parenteral nutrition. The quality of the care of CVAD influences the risk of complications and so the quality of life of the patients and the costs of care. Numerous infectious or non-infectious complications of CVAD can be prevented by appropriate, standardized protocols of care. Information about the care of CVAD and complications is essential for the early recognition and treatment of complications and should be shared between patients and caregivers. This article describes an audit for CAVD care that can be used to improve quality of care in a professional practice evaluation program.

Smoking cessation and the incidence of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes: a cohort study.

AIMS: Smoking cessation has been suggested to increase the short-term risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study aimed at assessing the association between smoking cessation and incidence of T2DM and impaired fasting glucose (IFG). METHODS: Data from participants in the CoLaus study, Switzerland, aged 35-75 at baseline and followed for 5.5years were used. Participants were classified as smokers, recent (≤5years), long-term (>5years) quitters, and non-smokers at baseline. Outcomes were IFG (fasting serum glucose (FSG) 5.6-6.99mmol/l) and T2DM (FSG ≥7.0mmol/l and/or treatment) at follow up. RESULTS: 3,166 participants (63% women) had normal baseline FSG, of whom 26.7% were smokers, 6.5% recent quitters, and 23.5% long-term quitters. During follow-up 1,311 participants (41.4%) developed IFG (33.6% women, 54.7% men) and 47 (1.5%) developed T2DM (1.1% women, 2.1% men). Former smokers did not have statistically significant increased odds of IFG compared with smokers after adjustment for age, education, physical activity, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension and alcohol intake, with OR of 1.29 [95% confidence interval 0.94-1.76] for recent quitters and 1.03 [0.84-1.27] for long-term quitters. Former smokers did not have significant increased odds of T2DM compared with smokers with multivariable-adjusted OR of 1.53 [0.58-4.00] for recent quitters and 0.64 [0.27-1.48] for long-term quitters. Adjustment for body-mass index and waist circumference attenuated the association between recent quitting and IFG (OR 1.07 [0.78-1.48]) and T2DM (OR 1.28 [0.48-3.40]. CONCLUSION: In this middle-aged population, smoking cessation was not associated with an increased risk of IFG or T2DM.

Genetic associations at 53 loci highlight cell types and biological pathways relevant for kidney function.

Reduced glomerular filtration rate defines chronic kidney disease and is associated with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies for estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), combining data across 133,413 individuals with replication in up to 42,166 individuals. We identify 24 new and confirm 29 previously identified loci. Of these 53 loci, 19 associate with eGFR among individuals with diabetes. Using bioinformatics, we show that identified genes at eGFR loci are enriched for expression in kidney tissues and in pathways relevant for kidney development and transmembrane transporter activity, kidney structure, and regulation of glucose metabolism. Chromatin state mapping and DNase I hypersensitivity analyses across adult tissues demonstrate preferential mapping of associated variants to regulatory regions in kidney but not extra-renal tissues. These findings suggest that genetic determinants of eGFR are mediated largely through direct effects within the kidney and highlight important cell types and biological pathways.

Effects of oral supplementation of iron on hepcidin blood concentrations among non-anaemic female blood donors: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Hepcidin is the main hormone that regulates iron balance. Its lowering favours digestive iron absorption in cases of iron deficiency or enhanced erythropoiesis. The careful dosage of this small peptide promises new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Its measurement is progressively being validated and now its clinical value must be explored in different physiological situations. Here, we evaluate hepcidin levels among premenopausal female donors with iron deficiency without anaemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In a preceding study, a 4-week oral iron treatment (80 mg/day) was administered in a randomized controlled trial (n = 145), in cases of iron deficiency without anaemia after a blood donation. We subsequently measured hepcidin at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment, using mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Iron supplementation had a significant effect on plasma hepcidin compared to the placebo arm at 4 weeks [+0·29 nm [95% CI: 0·18 to 0·40]). There was a significant correlation between hepcidin and ferritin at baseline (R(2) = 0·121, P < 0·001) and after treatment (R(2) = 0·436, P < 0·001). Hepcidin levels at baseline were not predictive of concentration changes for ferritin or haemoglobin. However, hepcidin levels at 4 weeks were significantly higher (0·79 nm [95% CI: 0·53 to 1·05]) among ferritin responders. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that a 4-week oral treatment of iron increased hepcidin blood concentrations in female blood donors with an initial ferritin concentration of less than 30 ng/ml. Apparently, hepcidin cannot serve as a predictor of response to iron treatment but might serve as a marker of the iron repletion needed for erythropoiesis.

Cyclosporine A kinetics in brain cell cultures and its potential of crossing the blood-brain barrier.

There is an increasing need to develop improved systems for predicting the safety of xenobiotics. However, to move beyond hazard identification the available concentration of the test compounds needs to be incorporated. In this study cyclosporine A (CsA) was used as a model compound to assess the kinetic profiles in two rodent brain cell cultures after single and repeated exposures. CsA induced-cyclophilin B (Cyp-B) secretion was also determined as CsA-specific pharmacodynamic endpoint. Since CsA is a potent p-glycoprotein substrate, the ability of this compound to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) was also investigated using an in vitro bovine model with repeated exposures up to 14days. Finally, CsA uptake mechanisms were studied using a parallel artificial membrane assay (PAMPA) in combination with a Caco-2 model. Kinetic results indicate a low intracellular CsA uptake, with no marked bioaccumulation or biotransformation. In addition, only low CsA amounts crossed the BBB. PAMPA and Caco-2 experiments revealed that CsA is mostly trapped to lipophilic compartments and exits the cell apically via active transport. Thus, although CsA is unlikely to enter the brain at cytotoxic concentrations, it may cause alterations in electrical activity and is likely to increase the CNS concentration of other compounds by occupying the BBBs extrusion capacity. Such an integrated testing system, incorporating BBB, brain culture models and kinetics could be applied for assessing neurotoxicity potential of compounds.

Rederibarometern. Juli 2009

Shortsea Promotion Centre (SPC) Finland som främjar närsjofart publicerar den sjätte rederibarometern i samarbete med den finländska rederinäringen. Utöver hela den finländska rederinäringen finns även de andra transportformerna och parterna i transportkedjan från både den privata och offentliga sektorn representerade i SPC Finland. SPC Finland hör till Sjöfartbranschens utbildnings- och forskningscentral vid Åbo universitet och fungerar i centralens enhet i Björneborg. SPC Finlands verksamhet omfattar utöver närsjöfartsfrämjandet intermodala transporter som binder ihop järn-vägs-, landvägs- och insjötransporter med närsjöfarten. Barometern producerar information om sjöfartens verksamhetsområde för rederibranschen, dess intressentgrupper och de politiska beslutsfattarna. Barometern är framför allt avsedd som ett arbetsredskap för dem som arbetar med sjötransporter. Barometern utvecklades på våren 2006. Då gjordes förfrågan för första gången men den publicerades inte. För att konkretisera nyttan av barometern upprepas den regelbundet med ett halvårs mellanrum. Långa tidsserier möjliggör en mångsidig analysering av resultaten. Nästa förfråga genomförs i november 2009. Resultaten av föreliggande barometer skall publiceras den 17 juli 2009 i samband med Suomi Areena -evenemanget i Björneborg. SPC Finland riktar ett tack till alla rederier som deltagit i förfrågan och hoppas på respons för att kunna vidareutveckla barometern. Mer information om barometern fås av forskaren Pekka Sundberg, tfn. (02) 333 8104 eller e-post pekka.sundberg@shortsea.fi.

So bin ich nur als Kind erwacht

Soitinnus: lauluääni, piano.

Le Constitutionnel : journal politique et littéraire

1817/06/15 (Numéro 166).

Disputatio pro articulo IV. Libri concordiae

Arkit: A-C4.

Le Constitutionnel : journal politique et littéraire

1816/06/14 (Numéro 166).

De praescriptione criminum

Painettu uudelleen: Matthiae Calonii opera omnia II. Holmiae 1830. S. 129-166

Les Faits-divers illustrés : les événements les plus récents, les romans les plus célèbres

1908/12/24 (Numéro 166).

Preconcentration, determination and speciation of iron by solid-phase extraction using dimethyl (E)-2-[(Z)-1-acetyl)-2-hydroxy-1-propenyl]-2-butenedioate

A new sensitive and selective procedure for speciation of trace dissolved Fe(III) and Fe(II), using modified octadecyl silica membrane disks and determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry was developed. A ML3 complex is formed between the ligand and Fe(III) responsible for extraction of metal ion on the disk. Various factors influencing the separation of iron were investigated and the optimized operation conditions were established. Under optimum conditions, an enrichment factor of 166 was obtained for Fe3+ ions. The calibration graph using the preconcentration system for Fe3+ was linear between 40.0 and 1000.0 μg L-1.

Análise da dinâmica e estrutura de focos da morte súbita dos citros

A morte súbita dos citros (MSC) é uma nova e destrutiva doença que afeta laranjeiras doces (Citrus sinensis) e algumas tangerineiras (C. reticulata) enxertadas em limoeiro 'Cravo' (C. limonia). Sua etiologia e mecanismos de transmissão são ainda desconhecidos e estudos epidemiológicos foram iniciados recentemente. Com o objetivo de caracterizar a disseminação da MSC, foi empregada a técnica de análise da dinâmica e estrutura de focos (ADEF) em 166 mapas de distribuição espacial de plantas com sintomas de MSC, provenientes de 51 talhões do norte do Estado de São Paulo e sul do Triângulo Mineiro. Pela ADEF, as epidemias de MSC se iniciam com focos unitários distribuídos de maneira aleatória no talhão. Em talhões com até 2% de incidência, 85% dos focos continham uma planta. Posteriormente, o progresso da doença ocorreu mais pelo aumento de novos focos, que pelo aumento do tamanho dos focos, indicado pelo aumento do número de focos até 18% de incidência e pelo número reduzido de plantas por foco (menos de quatro plantas por foco a 20% de incidência). Na maioria dos casos (71,5%), os focos apresentaram maior expansão na direção da linha de plantio que entre as linhas. A diminuição da compacidade dos focos com o aumento da incidência da MSC sugere que os focos maiores tendem a ser menos compactos e que a disseminação da doença não ocorre de forma homogênea e contínua ao redor da primeira planta afetada. Estes padrões são similares aos padrões de doenças causadas por um agente infeccioso, transmitido por vetores.