青藏高原不同海拔矮嵩草抗逆性的比较研究

主要对生长在海拔4000m (大坂山) , 3200m (海北站) 和2200m (西宁) 地区同种矮嵩草的生理生态适应特性进行了比较研究。结果表明：生长在3个不同海拔地区的矮嵩草其生长发育和干物质积累具有明显差异,随着海拔高度的增加, 植株高度明显变低, 叶面积、叶绿素含量和干物质积累减少; 类胡萝卜素和类黄酮含量增加; 光合速率、光饱和点和光补偿点提高; 光呼吸强度减弱。在花果前期, 海拔4000m 处植株地上组织的蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖和可溶性总糖含量分别比3200m 处的高65.4% , 110.2% , 121.6% 和84.6%; 地下组织的分别高5.6% , 17.8% , 88.6% 和43.8%。在枯黄前期, 两地地下组织的蔗糖、果糖、葡萄糖和可溶性总糖含量则高于地上组织的含量。同时, 大坂山和海北站地区的植株叶过氧化物酶活性平均比西宁的分别高88.2% 和38.8%。提示青藏高原地区高海拔矮嵩草其所以具有很强的抗逆能力, 这与它结构功能的特异性, 抗寒物质和过氧化物酶活性的明显增加密切相关。

并联机器人研究现状

并联机器人是一类全新的机器人，它具有刚度大、承载能力强、误差小、精度高、自重负荷比小、动力性能好、控制容易等一系列优点，因而扩大了整个机器人的应用领域。本文综述了并联机器人的研究现状：包括并联机器人的特点，运动学建模，动力学建模，应用状况等。

岩石圈深部温压条件下芳烃的演化特征

在密闭体系中, 400~700℃和1~3 GPa的条件下进行了褐煤加水的模拟实验, 分析了实验产物中芳烃的演化特征, 并讨论了高压高温对有机质的演化的影响. 实验结果表明, 高压抑制了液态烃的裂解, 压力升高有利于有机质降解产物的环化、聚合和芳构化; 温度升高, 芳烃的成熟度增加, 压力增加会抑制或延迟油气的生成和有机质成熟, 并且温度越低, 抑制作用越明显. 高压对有机质热演化的影响是非线性的. 该研究结果不仅加深了对俯冲带地幔有机质稳定性的认 识, 而且对认识深层油气成藏及保存也有启示意义.

Evaluation of nonlinear chromatographic performance by frontal analysis using a simple multi-plate mathematical model

A multi-plate (NIP) mathematical model was proposed by frontal analysis to evaluate nonlinear chromatographic performance. One of its advantages is that the parameters may be easily calculated from experimental data. Moreover, there is a good correlation between it and the equilibrium-dispersive (E-D) or Thomas models. This shows that it can well accommodate both types of band broadening that is comprised of either diffusion-dominated processes or kinetic sorption processes. The MP model can well describe experimental breakthrough curves that were obtained from membrane affinity chromatography and column reversed-phase liquid chromatography. Furthermore, the coefficients of mass transfer may be calculated according to the relationship between the MP model and the E-D or Thomas models. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Representations and evolutionary operators for the scheduling of pump operations in water distribution networks.

Reducing the energy consumption of water distribution networks has never had more significance. The greatest energy savings can be obtained by carefully scheduling the operations of pumps. Schedules can be defined either implicitly, in terms of other elements of the network such as tank levels, or explicitly by specifying the time during which each pump is on/off. The traditional representation of explicit schedules is a string of binary values with each bit representing pump on/off status during a particular time interval. In this paper, we formally define and analyze two new explicit representations based on time-controlled triggers, where the maximum number of pump switches is established beforehand and the schedule may contain less switches than the maximum. In these representations, a pump schedule is divided into a series of integers with each integer representing the number of hours for which a pump is active/inactive. This reduces the number of potential schedules compared to the binary representation, and allows the algorithm to operate on the feasible region of the search space. We propose evolutionary operators for these two new representations. The new representations and their corresponding operations are compared with the two most-used representations in pump scheduling, namely, binary representation and level-controlled triggers. A detailed statistical analysis of the results indicates which parameters have the greatest effect on the performance of evolutionary algorithms. The empirical results show that an evolutionary algorithm using the proposed representations improves over the results obtained by a recent state-of-the-art Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for pump scheduling using level-controlled triggers.

Design and analysis of kinetic energy recovery system for automobiles: a case study for commuters in Edinburgh.

Transport and its energetic and environmental impacts affect our daily lives. The transport sector is the backbone of the United Kingdom’s economy with 2.3 million people being employed in this sector. With a high dependency on transport for passengers and freight and with the knowledge that oil reserves are rapidly decreasing a solution has to be identified for conserving fuel. Passenger vehicles account for 61% of the transport fuel consumed in the U.K. and should be seen as a key area to tackle. Despite the introduction and development of electric powered cars, the widespread infrastructure that is required is not in place and has attributed to their slow uptake, as well as the fact that the electric car’s performance is not yet comparable with the conventional internal combustion engine. The benefits of the introduction of kinetic energy recovery systems to be used in conjunction with internal combustion engines and designed such that the system could easily be fitted into future passenger vehicles are examined. In this article, a review of automobile kinetic energy recovery system is presented. It has been argued that the ultracapacitor technology offers a sustainable solution. An optimum design for the urban driving cycle experienced in the city of Edinburgh has been introduced. The potential for fuel savings is also presented

A hyper-heuristic ensemble method for static job-shop scheduling.

We describe a new hyper-heuristic method NELLI-GP for solving job-shop scheduling problems (JSSP) that evolves an ensemble of heuristics. The ensemble adopts a divide-and-conquer approach in which each heuristic solves a unique subset of the instance set considered. NELLI-GP extends an existing ensemble method called NELLI by introducing a novel heuristic generator that evolves heuristics composed of linear sequences of dispatching rules: each rule is represented using a tree structure and is itself evolved. Following a training period, the ensemble is shown to outperform both existing dispatching rules and a standard genetic programming algorithm on a large set of new test instances. In addition, it obtains superior results on a set of 210 benchmark problems from the literature when compared to two state-of-the-art hyperheuristic approaches. Further analysis of the relationship between heuristics in the evolved ensemble and the instances each solves provides new insights into features that might describe similar instances.

How do we evaluate Artificial Immune Systems?

RAE2008

Locating hexagonal and cubic phases in boron nitride using wavelength-selective optically detected x-ray absorption spectroscopy

Locating hexagonal and cubic phases in boron nitride using wavelength-selective optically detected x-ray absorption spectroscopy, D.A. Evans, A.R. Vearey-Roberts, N.R.J. Poolton Appl Phys Lett 89, (2006) 161107

Modification of GaAs Schottky diodes by thin organic interlayers

Modification of GaAs Schottky diodes by thin organic interlayers, A.R. Vearey-Roberts and D.A. Evans, Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 072105 (2005)

Direct observation of Schottky to Ohmic transition in Al-diamond contacts using real-time photoelectron spectroscopy

Evans D A, Roberts O R, Vearey-Roberts A R, Langstaff D P, Twitchen D J and Schwitters M 2007 Direct observation of Schottky to ohmic transition in Al-diamond contacts using realtime photoelectron spectroscopy Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 132114 doi:10.1063/1.2790779

Fuzzy Interpolation and Extrapolation: A Practical Approach

Z. Huang and Q. Shen. Fuzzy interpolative and extrapolative reasoning: a practical approach. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 16(1):13-28, 2008.

A ?Perfect Circle'? Alchemy in the Poetry of Hester Pulter

Archer, Jayne, 'A ?Perfect Circle'? Alchemy in the Poetry of Hester Pulter', Literature Compass (2005) 2(1) pp.1-14 RAE2008

Quantum Stratonovich Stochastic Calculus and the Quantum Wong-Zakai Theorem

Gough, John, 'Quantum Stratonovich Stochastic Calculus and the Quantum Wong-Zakai Theorem', Journal of Mathematical Physics. 47, 113509, (2006)

Quantitative evaluation of electron beam writing in passivated gold nanoclusters

Jenkins, Tudor; Hayton, D.J.; Bedson, T.R.; Palmer, R.E., (2001) 'Quantitative evaluation of electron beam writing in passivated gold nanoclusters', Applied Physics Letters (78) pp.1921-1923 RAE2008