Análise de estabilidade e fundações de equipamentos de sinalização vertical rodoviária

O presente projeto foi realizado no âmbito da unidade curricular Dissertação/Estágio/Projeto, e desenvolve um estudo sobre as estruturas porticadas de sinalização vertical em Autoestradas, ao nível da estrutura metálica e das fundações, com o objetivo de analisar três casos diferentes com características distintas. Dois dos casos em estudo são modelos comuns que se encontram facilmente nas autoestradas. O terceiro tem uma configuração diferente, mais gravoso que o habitual. Com estes três casos obtém-se um estudo completo e abrangente deste tipo de estrutura porticada. Ao longo do projeto é seguida a norma EC3 (Eurocódigo 3 – Projeto de estruturas de aço). Dimensionaram-se as estruturas utilizando secções tubulares, mas é também realizado o dimensionamento de uma solução estrutural alternativa recorrendo a perfis laminados I ou H. As estruturas foram modeladas com recurso ao software de cálculo Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis Professional, obtendo-se os esforços e deformações nos vários pontos da estrutura, que permitem realizar o dimensionamento manual das secções dos perfis estruturais, chumbadouros, chapas de fundação e fundações propriamente ditas. Na parte final do projeto apresenta-se uma apreciação global do mesmo, conclusões gerais sobre os resultados obtidos e possíveis desenvolvimentos futuros.

Avaliação do comportamento de uma ponte metálica centenária sujeita à ação de tráfego ferroviário ligeiro

A presente dissertação tem como objetivo principal a análise numérica do comportamento dinâmico de uma ponte ferroviária, sob ação de tráfego ligeiro ferroviário. Neste contexto são apresentados alguns fundamentos teóricos a ter em conta nestes domínios, visando uma melhor compreensão dos fenómenos existentes no comportamento dinâmico de pontes ferroviárias quando sujeitas ao tráfego. O caso de estudo teve como foco a ponte Luiz I, uma ponte metálica situada sobre o rio Douro, que liga as cidades do Porto e Vila Nova de Gaia, sob ação de tráfego ligeiro ferroviário no seu tabuleiro superior para a condição anterior aos trabalhos de reabilitação e reforço realizados entre 2004 e 2005. Para o efeito foi desenvolvido um modelo numérico de elementos finitos da ponte realizado com recurso ao programa ANSYS, assim como um modelo numérico do veículo do Metro de Lisboa. Com base nestes modelos foram obtidos os parâmetros modais, nomeadamente as frequências naturais e os modos de vibração de toda a estrutura e do veículo. O estudo do comportamento dinâmico da ponte foi realizado por intermédio de uma metodologia de cargas móveis e de interação veículo-estrutura, através da ferramenta computacional Train-Bridge Interaction (TBI). As análises dinâmicas foram efetuadas para a passagem dos veículos de passageiros das redes de Metros do Porto e Lisboa. Nestas análises é estudada a resposta da estrutura em função da variabilidade ao nível da secção transversal, dependência do tramo, influência do veículo, da sua velocidade de circulação e impacto das frequências de vibração estimadas pelo modelo numérico.

Conceção e Análise de um Demonstrador para a Monitorização Estrutural

Os sistemas de monitorização de estruturas fornecem diversas vantagens, não só no que diz respeito à durabilidade da obra, ao aumento da segurança e do conhecimento relativamente ao comportamento das estruturas ao longo do tempo, à otimização do aspeto estrutural, bem como aos aspetos económicos do processo de construção e manutenção. A monitorização deve realizar-se durante a fase de construção e/ou de exploração da obra para permitir o registo integral do seu comportamento no meio externo. Deve efetuar-se de forma contínua e automática, executando intervenções de rotina para que se possa detetar precocemente sinais de alterações, respetivamente à segurança, integridade e desempenho funcional. Assim se poderá manter a estrutura dentro de parâmetros aceitáveis de segurança. Assim, na presente dissertação será concebido um demonstrador experimental, para ser estudado em laboratório, no qual será implementado um sistema de monitorização contínuo e automático. Sobre este demonstrador será feita uma análise de diferentes grandezas em medição, tais como: deslocamentos, extensões, temperatura, rotações e acelerações. Com carácter inovador, pretende-se ainda incluir neste modelo em sintonia de medição de coordenadas GNSS com o qual se torna possível medir deslocamentos absolutos. Os resultados experimentais alcançados serão analisados e comparados com modelos numéricos. Conferem-se os resultados experimentais de natureza estática e dinâmica, com os resultados numéricos de dois modelos de elementos finitos: um de barras e outro de casca. Realizaram-se diferentes abordagens tendo em conta as características identificadas por via experimental e calculadas nos modelos numéricos para melhor ajuste e calibração dos modelos numéricos Por fim, recorre-se a algoritmos de processamento e tratamento do respetivo sinal com aplicação de filtros, que revelam melhorar com rigor o sinal, de forma a potenciar as técnicas de fusão multisensor. Pretende-se integrar o sinal GNSS com os demais sensores presentes no sistema de monitorização. As técnicas de fusão multisensor visam melhor o desempenho deste potencial sistema de medição, demonstrando as suas valências no domínio da monitorização estrutural.

Fluência de materiais

A presente dissertação apresenta uma abordagem ao tema Fluência, com um desenvolvimento geral para quatro materiais: madeira, alumínio, betão e aço. No entanto, particularizou-se este estudo apenas para dois destes materiais, a madeira e o alumínio. A madeira é um material viscoelástico, logo fortemente influenciado quando submetido a uma ação constante (Fluência) sendo agravada com alterações do teor em água. Iniciou-se o estudo, com uma introdução aos objetivos principais e a revisão teórica do conhecimento da propriedade mecânica (Fluência). Efetuou-se o estudo inicial para os quatro materiais indicados. Posteriormente, fez-se avaliação do efeito mecânico sortivo durante 60 dias com sete ciclos, em provetes de dimensões 20 x 20 x 400 mm3 (escala 1:10) de madeira de Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Recorrendo ao levantamento de um conjunto de modelos numéricos, procedeu-se ao ajuste e extrapolação do comportamento, em Fluência, para distintos períodos de tempo (1, 10 e 50 anos). Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que a madeira de Eucalipto não apresenta um limite no seu comportamento em Fluência, logo instável para os 60 dias de duração de ensaio. Os diferentes modelos de Fluência (x6) apresentaram uma variabilidade crescente de resultados, de acordo com o aumento de extrapolação dos resultados. Para a espécie de madeira de Eucalipto constatou-se ainda, que o ajuste e extrapolação de deformação para 50 anos ultrapassaram os valores sugeridos pelo Eurocódigo 5. A última parte deste trabalho, incidiu sobre o desenvolvimento da metodologia do ensaio em flexão de 3 provetes de alumínio similares, cujas dimensões eram de 20 x 20 x 400mm3. O objetivo desta metodologia foi avaliar o seu comportamento em Fluência. Numa primeira fase, foi aplicada uma carga contante de 160 kN. E numa segunda fase, foi aplicada o dobro dessa carga sujeita adicionalmente a uma temperatura bastante superior à temperatura ambiente (a rondar os 50 oC). Conclusivamente verificou-se que o alumínio não apresenta deformação por Fluência, para as condições de ensaio apresentadas.

A business model for an entertainment solution to the in-vehicle infotainment industry

The evolution of mobile technologies that make its presence something ubiquitous and the idea of internet connectivity in every device, often called as the Internet of Things, are pushing a disruption in other industry: the in-vehicle infotainment (IVI). Many companies are trying to enter this new industry that comprises information (weather, news, location services) and entertainment solutions in just one. For that purpose, company X developed a new entertainment solution and intends to bring it to market. This Work Project focuses on creating a business model and an entry mode for the company.

A segurança dos consumidores

The present report, about consumer’s safety, shows the development of the knowledge on this particular subject and the actions carried out by entities that fight for the protection of consumer’s rights. The internship was based on the knowledge acquirement on the theoretical and practical aspects of the fight lead by the Direção Geral do Consumidor, together with other entities, towards the elimination or solely the reduction of risks caused by some products and services made available for the consumers or put on the market. During the internship, I counted with the support of my supervisor in the DGC, Dr. Ana Catarina Fonseca and, for the writing of the report, I had the help of my thesis advisor, Dr. Jorge Morais Carvalho, whenever I needed constructive criticism. My participation on the creation of the informative brochures about consumer’s safety, and the study of the legislation used by the DGC on the daily work, enabled me, effectively, to consolidate my guiding principles as a future professional on the matters of the creation of entities, private and public, which aim to ensure the protection of consumers’s rights, informing them of the possible risks or solving the already existing problems, removing dangerous products and services from the market.The report clarifies the action of the DGC on the protection of consumer’s safety, and enables some knowledge on the relations between the entities that work for the protection of the consumers and the market operators and on their work on identifying dangerous products and warning the consumers about it. The final part of this report contains information that allows us to form an idea of the importance that consumer safety has had in Cape Verde, compared with the laws of Portugal on the matter.

Quantitative and qualitative research on brief systemic therapies carried out within the framework of an ambulatory consultation for couples and families

Abstract: This article presents both a brief systemic intervention method (IBS) consisting in 6 sessions developed in an ambulatory service for couples and families, and two research projects done in collaboration with the Institute for Psychotherapy of the University of Lausanne. The first project is quantitative and it aims at evaluating the effectiveness of ISB. One of its main feature is that outcomes are assessed at different levels of individual and family functioning: 1) symptoms and individual functioning; 2) quality of marital relationship; 3) parental and co-parental relationships; 4) familial relationships. The second project is a qualitative case study about a marital therapy which identifies and analyses significant moments of the therapeutic process from the patients' perspective. Methodology was largely inspired by Daniel Stem's work about "moments of meeting" in psychotherapy. Results show that patients' theories about relationship and change are important elements that deepen our understanding of the change process in couple and family therapy. The interest of associating clinicians and researchers for the development and validation of a new clinical model is discussed.

Resuming motor vehicle driving following orthopaedic surgery or limb trauma.

Following elective orthopaedic surgery or the treatment of a fracture, patients are temporarily unable to drive. This loss of independence may have serious social and economic consequences for the patient. It is therefore essential to know when it is safe to permit such patients to return to driving. This article, based upon a review of the current literature, proposes recommendations of the time period after which patients may safely return to driving. Practical decisions are made based upon the type of surgical intervention or fracture. Swiss legislation is equally approached so as to better define the decision.

Traditional local medicines in the republic of Palau and non-communicable diseases (NCD), signs of effectiveness.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The aim of this survey was to describe which traditional medicines (TM) are most commonly used for non-communicable diseases (NCD - diabetes, hypertension related to excess weight and obesity) in Pacific islands and with what perceived effectiveness. NCD, especially prevalent in the Pacific, have been subject to many public health interventions, often with rather disappointing results. Innovative interventions are required; one hypothesis is that some local, traditional approaches may have been overlooked. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The method used was a retrospective treatment-outcome study in a nation-wide representative sample of the adult population (about 15,000 individuals) of the Republic of Palau, an archipelago of Micronesia. RESULTS: From 188 respondents (61% female, age 16-87, median 48,), 30 different plants were used, mostly self-prepared (69%), or from a traditional healer (18%). For excess weight, when comparing the two most frequent plants, Morinda citrifolia L. was associated with more adequate outcome than Phaleria nishidae Kaneh. (P=0.05). In case of diabetes, when comparing Phaleria nishidae (=Phaleria nisidai) and Morinda citrifolia, the former was statistically more often associated with the reported outcome "lower blood sugar" (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Statistical association between a plant used and reported outcome is not a proof of effectiveness or safety, but it can help select plants of interest for further studies, e.g. through a reverse pharmacology process, in search of local products which may have a positive impact on population health.

Preliminary epidemiological study of latent tuberculosis in Mexican agricultural workers in the Niagara region, Canada

It is well documented that the majority of Tuberculosis (TB) cases diagnosed in Canada are related to foreign-bom persons from TB high-burden countries. The Canadian seasonal agricultural workers program (SAWP) operating with Mexico allows migrant workers to enter the country with a temporary work permit for up to 8 months. Preiimnigration screening of these workers by both clinical examination and chest X-ray (CXR) reduces the risk of introducing cases of active pulmonary TB to Canada, but screening for latent TB (LTBI) is not routinely done. Studies carried out in industrialized nations with high immigration from TBendemic countries provide data of lifetime LTBI reactivation of around 10% but little is known about reactivation rates within TB-endemic countries where new infections (or reinfections) may be impossible to distinguish from reactivation. Migrant populations like the SAWP workers who spend considerable amounts of time in both Canada and TBendemic rural areas in Mexico are a unique population in terms of TB epidemiology. However, to our knowledge no studies have been undertaken to explore either the existence of LTBI among Mexican workers, the probability of reactivation or the workers' exposure to TB cases while back in their communities before returning the following season. Being aware of their LTBI status may help workers to exercise healthy behaviours to avoid TB reactivation and therefore continue to access the SAWP. In order to assess the prevalence of LTBI and associated risk factors among Mexican migrant workers a preliminary cross sectional study was designed to involve a convenience sample of the Niagara Region's Mexican workers in 2007. Research ethics clearance was granted by Brock University. Individual questionnaires were administered to collect socio-demographic and TB-related epidemiological data as well as TB knowledge and awareness levels. Cellular immunity to M tuberculosis was assessed by both an Interferon-y release assay (lGRA), QuantiFERON -TB Gold In-Tube (QFf™) and by the tuberculin skin test (TSn using Mantoux. A total of 82 Mexican workers (out of 125 invited) completed the study. Most participants were male (80%) and their age ranged from 22 to 65 years (mean 38.5). The prevalence of LTBI was 34% using TST and 18% using QFTTM. As previously reported, TST (using ~lOmm cut-off) showed a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 79.1 %. These findings at the moment cannot predict the probability of progression to active TB; only longitudinal cohort studies of this population can ascertain this outcome. However, based on recent publications, lORA positive individuals may have up to 14% probability of reactivation within the next two years. Although according to the SA WP guidelines, all workers undergo TB screening before entering or re-entering Canada, CXR examination requirements showed to be inconsistent for this population: whereas 100% of the workers coming to Canada for the first time reported having the procedure done, only 31 % of returning participants reported having had a CXR in the past year. None of the participants reported ever having a CXR compatible with TB which was consistent with the fact that none had ever been diagnosed with active pulmonary TB and with only 3.6% reporting close contact with a person with active TB in their lifetime. Although Mexico reports that 99% of popUlation is fully immunized against TB within the first year of age, only 85.3% of participants reported receiving BOC vaccine in childhood. Conversely, even when TST is not part of the routine TB screening in endemic countries, a suqDrisingly high 25.6% reported receiving a TST in the past. In regards to TB knowledge and awareness, 74% of the studied population had previous knowledge about (active) TB, 42% correctly identified active TB symptomatology, 4.8% identified the correct route of transmission, 4.8% knew about the existence of LTBI, 3.6% knew that latent TB could reactivate and 48% recognized TB as treatable and curable. Of all variables explored as potential risk factors for LTBI, age was the only one which showed statistical significance. Significant associations could not be proven for other known variables (such as sex, TB contact, history of TB) probably because of the small sample size and the homogeneity of the sample. Screening for LTBI by TST (high sensitivity) followed by confirmation with QFT''"'^ (high specificity) suggests to be a good strategy especially for immigrants from TB high-burden countries. After educational sessions, workers positive for LTBI gained greater knowledge about the signs and symptoms of TB reactivation as well as the risk factors commonly associated with reactivation. Additionally, they were more likely to attend their annual health check up and request a CXR exam to monitor for TB reactivation.

Vitamin D status and latent tuberculosis infection : a preliminary study in a group of healthy Mexican agricultural workers

Vitamin D metabolites are important in the regulation of bone and calcium homeostasis, but also have a more ubiquitous role in the regulation of cell differentiation and immune function. Severely low circulating 25-dihydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations have been associated with the onset of active tuberculosis (TB) in immigrant populations, although the association with latent TB infection (LTBI) has not received much attention. A previous study identified the prevalence of LTBI among a sample of Mexican migrant workers enrolled in Canada's Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SA WP) in the Niagara Region of Ontario. The aim of the present study was to determine the vitamin D status of the same sample, and identify if a relationship existed with LTBI. Studies of vitamin D deficiency and active TB are most commonly carried out among immigrant populations to non-endemic regions, in which reactivation of LTBI has occurred. Currently, there is limited knowledge of the association between vitamin D deficiency and LTBI. Entry into Canada ensured that these individuals did not have active TB, and L TBI status was established previously by an interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) (QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube®, Cellestis Ltd., Australia). Awareness of vitamin D status may enable individuals at risk of deficiency to improve their nutritional health, and those with LTBI to be aware of this risk factor for disease. Prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency among the Mexican migrant workers was determined from serum samples collected in the summer of 2007 as part of the cross sectional LTBI study. Samples were measured for concentrations of the main circulating vitamin D metabolite, 25(OH)D, with a widely used 1251 250HD RIA (DiaSorin Inc.®, Stillwater, MN), and were categorized as deficient «37.5 nmoI/L), insufficient (>37.5 nmollL, < 80 nmol/L) or sufficient (2::80 nmoI/L). Fisher's exact tests and t tests were used to determine if vitamin D status (sufficiency or insufficiency) or 25(OH)D concentrations significantly differed by sex or age categories. Predictors of vitamin D insufficiency and 25(OH)D concentrations were taken from questionnaires carried out during the previous study, and analyzed in the present study using multiple regression prediction models. Fisher's exact test and t test was used to determine if vitamin D status or 25(OH)D concentration differed by LTBI status. Strength of the relationship between interferongamma (IFN-y) concentration (released by peripheral T cells in response to TB antigens) and 25(OH)D concentration was analyzed using a Spearman correlation. Out of 87 participants included in the study (78% male; mean age 38 years), 14 were identified as LTBI positive but none had any signs or symptoms of TB reactivation. Only 30% of the participants were vitamin D sufficient, whereas 68% were insufficient and 2% were deficient. Significant independent predictors of lower 25(OH)D concentrations were sex, number of years enrolled in the SA WP and length of stay in Canada. No significant differences were found between 25(OH)D concentrations and LTBI status. There was a significant moderate correlation between IFN-y and 25(OH)D concentrations ofLTBI-positive individuals. The majority of participants presented with Vitamin D insufficiency but none were severely deficient, indicating that 25(OH)D concentrations do not decrease dramatically in populations who temporarily reside in Canada but go back to their countries of origin during the Canadian winter. This study did not find a statistical relationship between low levels of vitamin D and LTBI which suggests that in the presence of overall good health, lower than ideal levels of 2S(OH)D, may still be exerting a protective immunological effect against LTBI reactivation. The challenge remains to determine a critical 2S(OH)D concentration at which reactivation is more likely to occur.