987 resultados para Hs-CRP


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The traditional gate dielectric material Of SiO2 can not satisfy the need of the continuous downscaling of CMOS dimensions. High-K gate dielectric materials have attracted extensive research efforts recently and obtained great progress. In this paper, the developments of high-K gate materials were reviewed. Based on the author's background and research work in the area, the latest achievements of high-K gate dielectric materials on the recrystalization temperature, the low-K interface layer, and the dielectric breakdown and metal gate electrode were introduced in detail.

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We investigated the structural, elastic, and electronic properties of the cubic perovskite-type BaHfO3 using a first-principles method based on the plane-wave basis set. Analysis of the band structure shows that perovskite-type BaHfO3 is a wide gap indirect semiconductor. The band-gap is predicted to be 3.94 eV within the screened exchange local density approximation (sX-LDA). The calculated equilibrium lattice constant of this compound is in good agreement with the available experimental and theoretical data reported in the literatures. The independent elastic constants (C-11, C-12, and C-44), bulk modules B and its pressure derivatives B', compressibility beta, shear modulus G, Young's modulus Y, Poisson's ratio nu, and Lame constants (mu, lambda) are obtained and analyzed in comparison with the available theoretical and experimental data for both the singlecrystalline and polycrystalline BaHfO3. The bonding-charge density calculation make it clear that the covalent bonds exist between the Hf and 0 atoms and the ionic bonds exist between the Ba atoms and HfO3 ionic groups in BaHfO3. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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An effective method is developed to fabricate metallic microcircuits in diamond anvil cell (DAC) for resistivity measurement under high pressure. The resistivity of nanocrystal ZnS is measured under high pressure up to 36.4 GPa by using designed DAC. The reversibility and hysteresis of the phase transition are observed. The experimental data is confirmed by an electric current field analysis accurately. The method used here can also be used under both ultrahigh pressure and high temperature conditions.

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An improved optical self-heterodyne method utilizing a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) tunable laser and an optical fiber ring interferometer is presented in this paper. The interference efficiency can be increased by 7 dB compared with the scheme using the conventional Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The unsteady process that the beating frequency experiences in each tuning period is investigated. According to the measurement results, the wavelength and optical power of the tunable laser will be steady when the square-wave frequency is lower than 300 kHz. It has been shown that when a square-wave voltage is applied to the phase section of the tunable laser, the laser linewidths vary in a wide range, and are much larger than that under dc voltage tuning. The errors caused by the variations in the linewidth of the beat signal and optical power can be eliminated using the proposed calibration procedures, and the measurement accuracy can, therefore, be significantly improved. Experiments show that the frequency responses obtained using our method agree well with the data provided by the manufacturer, and the improved optical self-heterodyne method is as accurate as the intensity noise technique.

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An ultra-wide-band frequency response measurement system for optoelectronic devices has been established using the optical heterodyne method utilizing a tunable laser and a wavelenath-fixed distributed feedback laser. By controlling the laser diode cavity length, the beat frequency is swept from DC to hundreds GHz. An outstanding advantage is that this measurement system does not need any high-speed light modulation source and additional calibration. In this measurement, two types of different O/E receivers have been tested. and 3 dB bandwidths measured by this system were 14.4GHz and 40GHz, respectively. The comparisons between experimental data and that from manufacturer show that this method is accurate and easy to carry out.

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利用野外试验方法,在滴灌条件下研究了保水剂在坡地枣林中的使用效果。试验结果证明:施用保水剂的土壤含水量较对照提高了15.3%~39.2%,使10~70 cm土层有较高贮存水量,在年生育期平均降雨量为395 mm情况下,确定红枣整个生育期(为210 d)共灌水4次,按大约每55 d灌溉一次计算,可减少灌溉2次,节约用水264 m3/hm2;0~60 cm土壤平均容重降低0.05~0.16 g/cm3,改善了土壤的通气透水的土壤物理性质,促进了枣树的生长发育,与对照株产5.6 kg相比,四年生红枣单株最高可增产2.85 kg/株;就不同保水剂综合来说,Hs和Hm表现出良好的适宜性。

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在Au(111)硫醇自组装膜上通过原子力显微镜(AFM)纳米刻蚀加工了各种功能化纳米结构。本论文取得的主要成果如下: 1. “蘸笔”技术移除自组装膜及金基底 以烯丙基溴为墨水,用蘸笔技术在16-巯基十六羧酸(MHA)修饰的Au(111)基底上可以实现对金基底的直接加工,形成阴刻图案;并提出了详细的加工机理。 2. Au(111)自组膜表面的可逆加工 (1)利用乙醇修饰的导电AFM针尖通过电致刻蚀在Au(111)基底的烷基硫醇自组装膜上实现了阴阳刻图案的可逆加工。X射线光电子能谱分析表明阳刻图案的化学组成为氧化金,且此氧化金可被乙醇还原生成金得到阴刻图案。此阴刻图案可用作纳米模板,我们利用此模板加工了氧化铁磁性纳米结构和溶菌酶蛋白质纳米结构。 (2)用修饰硫醇的导电AFM针尖在Au(111)基底上实现了硫醇的可逆书写。 3. Au(111)自组膜表面官能团转化 用硫醇自组装膜修饰的Pt针在Au(111)基底的烷基硫醇自组装膜上实现了表面端基官能团转化。所得亲水性纳米图案可用作物理(如直接吸附纳米粒子)和化学纳米模板(如诱导硅烷自组装)。加工过程中基底自组装膜保持完整,未破坏Au-S键。 4. AFM研究适配子与血小板衍生生长因子-BB的相互作用 利用AFM电致刻蚀在HS-(CH2)12-(OCH2CH2)4-OH(EG4)/Au(111)上选择性移除EG4,在新暴露的金基底上生长血小板衍生生长因子-BB(PDGF-BB)适配子与EG4的混合自组装膜,通过PDGF-BB适配子与 PDGF-BB的特异性键合固定PDGF-BB,得到PDGF-BB的纳米图案。

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本文对两类新的含磷杂环化合物和几种过渡金属络合物进行了质谱研究。本文对两类有机磷化合物的EI谱和CI谱进行了研究。根据B/E, B~2/E联合扫描的亚稳测定和高分辨精确质量测量数据,以及质量选择的离子动能谱(MIKES)和碰撞诱导解离技术(CID)的结果,得出下述结论。1、4,5-二氧代-2-硫代-1,3,2,4-二氮二磷杂环戊烷的衍生物具有相似的质谱特征。它们的EI谱中均显示失去巯基的重要特性,[M-HS]~+离子为基峰离子。失巯基反应具有立体选择性,利用[M-HS]~+/[M]~+ (丰度tu)可区别该类化合物的异构体。它们的CI谱中基峰离子为质子化的准分子离子(甲烷为反应气)。2、4,5-二氧代-2-硫代-1,3,2,4-二氮二磷杂环戊烷的衍生物和4,5-二氧代-2-硫代-1,3,2,4-二氮二磷杂环戊烷的衍生物的质谱行为存在较大差异。它们的共性是都能失去中性异腈酸酯而使环开裂。3、1,3,2-二氮二磷杂环戊烷的衍生物EI谱中基峰离子均为失去2位磷上环外取代基的产物离子。它们的EI谱中存在较多的重排反应。其中包括氢重排和骨架重排。CI谱中只有含有P=S键的化合物准分子离子为基峰离子。本文对不同配体的Ni, Pd, Mo, W过渡金属络合物的研究结果表明:对于单核络合物,FAB谱显示分子离子峰(M~+)或[M+H-nCL]~+离子峰;双核络合物的FAB谱中显示[M+2H-CL]~+离子峰。含羰基和卤素CL配体的络合物,FAB谱以失去系列CO或CL为重要特征。

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两栖动物是最原始的陆生脊椎动物,分布比较广泛。无尾目两栖动物现有3000 多种,它们皮肤裸露、光滑,为适应广泛的栖息地和生态条件,已进化出各种有效的皮肤防御系统。抗菌肽(Antimicrobial peptides,AMPs)作为两栖类先天防御系统的重要组成部分,在皮肤分泌液中含量异常丰富。我们以来源于云南省普洱市景东县的铃蟾科微蹼铃蟾(Bombina microdeladigitora)和楚雄州双柏县雨蛙科华西雨蛙(Hyla annectans)为实验材料,对其皮肤分泌液中抗菌肽的分子多样性并对其结构和功能进行研究。微蹼铃蟾皮肤抗菌肽多样性非常丰富,我们从单一个体中克隆得到了64 条编码不同抗菌肽的cDNA 序列,其中有两条序列只编码Maximin 一种抗菌肽,其余 62 条均编码Maximin 和Maximin H 两类抗菌肽。这64 条cDNA 序列共编码44 种Maximins 和30 种Maximin Hs,其中有32 种Maximins 和20 种Maximin Hs 为新鉴定的抗菌肽,其余和铃蟾属其它种中发现的抗菌肽具有相同的序列。除了皮肤外,两栖动物的脑也是抗菌肽的丰富资源库。我们分别从微蹼铃蟾和大蹼铃蟾(B. maxima)脑中得到了大量新的抗菌肽cDNA 序列。其中从微蹼铃蟾脑中克隆到21 条新的cDNA序列,共编码16 种Maximins 和10 种Maximin Hs,其中7 种Maximins 和4 种Maximin Hs 为新鉴定的抗菌肽。从大蹼铃蟾脑中克隆到39 条新的cDNA 序列,编码27 种Maximins 和20 种Maximin Hs,其中16 种 Maximins 和12 种Maximin Hs 为新鉴定的抗菌肽。在以上新鉴定的抗菌肽中,Maximins 均为阳离子抗菌肽,Maximin Hs 中除以前鉴定的Maximin H5 外,尚有十余种阴离子抗菌肽。抗菌肽碱基转换/颠换(R=s/v)分析表明,RMaximin<1 而RMaximin H>1,说明这两种抗菌肽碱基转换和颠换发生的几率并不相同,Maximin 间差异主要由碱基颠换引起,而Maximin H 则主要由碱基转换引起。种间进化分析表明,大蹼铃蟾和微蹼铃蟾的遗传距离较近,而它们与欧洲花铃蟾(B. variegata)的遗传距离均较远。种内各部分遗传距离差异较大。与信号肽和酸性间隔肽相比,成熟肽的遗传距离明显增大,其中Maximin 的进化速度比Maximin H 更快。抗菌肽Maximin 和Maximin H 种内、种间均存在正选择(ω>1),而信号肽和酸性间隔肽在分化过程中没有正选择(ω<1),说明Maximin 和Maximin H 经受着达尔文正选择驱动的快速进化,是抗菌肽多样性产生的根本原因。这与抗菌肽参与最终的生物防御功能,从而增加物种对环境的适应是一致的。功能研究发现,有些微蹼铃蟾Maximins 抗菌肽是多功能分子,不但对革兰氏阴性菌、革兰氏阳性菌和真菌起抗菌作用,而且还具有很强的抗氧化功能。脑中抗菌肽基因的大量表达也预示着抗菌肽可能在神经信号传导中起一定作用。用基因克隆方法我们从微蹼铃蟾皮肤得到大量缓激肽前体序列,由1-4 个拷贝的Bombinakinin 或1-4 个拷贝的Bombinakinin 和1 个拷贝的Bombinakinin-GAP 组成。这与大蹼铃蟾皮肤中缓激肽前体由1-8 个拷贝的Bombinakinin 或1-8 个拷贝的Bombinakinin 和1 个拷贝的Bombinakinin-GAP 组成有所不同。按同样方法,我们从大蹼铃蟾脑中也得到了三条缓激肽前体序列,其中两条含有6 个 Bombinakinin 拷贝,另一条含2 个Bombinakinin 拷贝。通过比较只含Bombinakinin 和同时含有Bombinakinin 和Bombinakinin-GAP 的前体cDNA 序列后发现, 前者序列中缺失了一段碱基序列TGCGGGTA, 从而导致移码突变, 终止了 Bombinakinin-GAP 的表达。通过生物化学的手段从微蹼铃蟾皮肤分泌液中分离到一种丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂BMSI1,与铃蟾属其它种中的胰蛋白酶抑制剂具有很高的相似性。根据已有铃蟾属丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂cDNA 序列设计引物,以皮肤cDNA 为模板,扩增丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的基因序列,结果得到两条不同的序列。这两条前体序列与铃蟾属其它两栖动物皮肤中的丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂具有高度相似性(>70%),而且它们都含有10 个半胱氨酸残基。BMSI1 对五种丝氨酸蛋白水解发色底物的抑制活性测定表明,BMSI 1 能抑制胰蛋白酶和凝血酶的水解活性,其K(i)分别为0.02 μM 和0.15 μM。通过随机筛选cDNA 文库的方法,我们从大蹼铃蟾脑中得到了一条完整的 Somatostatin(SST)序列,根据该序列,我们在大蹼铃蟾和微蹼铃蟾脑cDNA 文库中筛选到两条变异体序列SST-L(Leu11-SST-14)和SST-R(Arg14-SST-14)。功能研究表明,这两种变异体具有和SST 相似的生物学功能,可抑制肿瘤细胞增殖、抑制细胞因子释放以及具有一定的镇痛作用。从大蹼铃蟾和微蹼铃蟾脑中得到了阿片肽前体POMC 和Proenkephalin 的 cDNA 序列,序列比对发现与东方铃蟾具有较高的同源性。从华西雨蛙皮肤cDNA 中克隆得到两类活性多肽,命名为Annins。其中一类为抗菌肽类似肽,共11 条序列,编码单一的成熟肽序列,其信号肽与雨蛙科信号肽具有很高的同源性,但酸性间隔肽和成熟肽相差较大。其成熟肽由15-17 个氨基酸残基组成,活性分析表明无抗菌和抗氧化作用,但在较高浓度时对部分细菌和多种细胞有促进生长作用,推测可能在使伤口快速愈合方面起重要作用;另一类编码具有2 个拷贝的成熟肽序列,成熟肽由5 个氨基酸残基组成,具有一定的镇痛活性,其镇痛机理可能是拮抗bradykinin 作用。