Ex XIIII. T. Livii Decadibus. Prima, tertia, quarta, in qua praeter fragmenta III, & X libri, quae in Germania nuper reperta, hic etiam continentur, multa adulterina expunximus, multa vera recepimus, quae in aliis non habentur. Epitome singulorum librorum XIIII Decadum. Historia omnium XIIII Decadum in compendium redacta ab L. Floro. Polybii lib. V de rebus Romanis latinitate donati à Nicolao Perotto. Index copiosissimus rerum omnium memorabilium...

[Histoire romaine (latin). 1518-1533]

Ex XIIII. T. Livii Decadibus. Prima, tertia, quarta, in qua praeter fragmenta III, & X libri, quae in Germania nuper reperta, hic etiam continentur, multa adulterina expunximus, multa vera recepimus, quae in aliis non habentur. Epitome singulorum librorum XIIII Decadum. Historia omnium XIIII Decadum in compendium redacta ab L. Floro. Polybii lib. V de rebus Romanis latinitate donati à Nicolao Perotto. Index copiosissimus rerum omnium memorabilium...

[Histoire romaine (latin). 1518-1533]

An index of 5-HT synthesis changes during early antidepressant treatment: α-[11C]methyl-l-tryptophan PET study

The antidepressant selective serotonin transporter inhibitors (SSRIs) are clinically active after a delay of several weeks. Indeed, the rapid increase of serotonin (5-HT) caused by SSRIs, stimulates the 5-HT1A autoreceptors, which exert a negative feedback on the 5-HT neurotransmission. Only when autoreceptors are desensitized, can SSRIs exert their therapeutic activity. The 5-HT1A receptor antagonist pindolol has been used to accelerate the clinical effects of antidepressant by preventing the negative feedback. Using the a-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan/positron emission tomography (PET), the goal of the present double-blind, randomized study was to compare the changes in a-[11C]methyl-L-tryptophan trapping, an index of serotonin synthesis, in patients suffering from unipolar depression treated with the SSRI citalopram (20 mg/day) plus placebo versus patients treated with citalopram plus pindol (7.5 mg/day). PET and Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS-17) were performed at baseline, and after 10 and 24 days of antidepressant treatment. Results show that the combination citalopram plus pindol, compared to citalopram alone shows a more rapid and greater increase of an index of 5-HT synthesis in prefrontal cortex (BA 9). This research is the first human PET study demonstrating that, after 24 days, the combination SSRIs plus pindolol produces a greater increase of the metabolism of serotonin in the prefrontal cortex, an area associated to depressive symptoms.

Reliure de : Epigrammatum graecorum libri VII , annotationibus Joannis Brodaei,... quibus additus est in calce operis rerum ac vocum explicatarum index...

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Measurement of absolute cell volume, osmotic membrane water permeability, and refractive index of transmembrane water and solute flux by digital holographic microscopy.

ABSTRACT. A dual-wavelength digital holographic microscope to measure absolute volume of living cells is proposed. The optical setup allows us to reconstruct two quantitative phase contrast images at two different wavelengths from a single hologram acquisition. When adding the absorbing dye fast green FCF as a dispersive agent to the extracellular medium, cellular thickness can be univocally determined in the full field of view. In addition to the absolute cell volume, the method can be applied to derive important biophysical parameters of living cells including osmotic membrane water permeability coefficient and the integral intracellular refractive index (RI). Further, the RI of transmembrane flux can be determined giving an indication about the nature of transported solutes. The proposed method is applied to cultured human embryonic kidney cells, Chinese hamster ovary cells, human red blood cells, mouse cortical astrocytes, and neurons.

M. Tullii Ciceronis opera, omnium quae hactenus excusa sunt castigatissima, nunc primum in lucem edita (a Petro Victorio). Petri Victorii explicationes suarum in Ciceronem castigationum. - Index omnium qui hactenus excusi sunt

Comprend : Explicationes suarum in Ciceronem castigationum

The generalized index of maximum and minimum level and its application in decision making

[spa] El índice del máximo y el mínimo nivel es una técnica muy útil, especialmente para toma de decisiones, que usa la distancia de Hamming y el coeficiente de adecuación en el mismo problema. En este trabajo, se propone una generalización a través de utilizar medias generalizadas y cuasi aritméticas. A estos operadores de agregación, se les denominará el índice del máximo y el mínimo nivel medio ponderado ordenado generalizado (GOWAIMAM) y cuasi aritmético (Quasi-OWAIMAM). Estos nuevos operadores generalizan una amplia gama de casos particulares como el índice del máximo y el mínimo nivel generalizado (GIMAM), el OWAIMAM, y otros. También se desarrolla una aplicación en la toma de decisiones sobre selección de productos.

Size dependence of refractive index of Si nanoclusters embedded in SiO2

he complex refractive index of SiO2 layers containing Si nanoclusters (Si-nc) has been measured by spectroscopic ellipsometry in the range from 1.5 to 5.0 eV. It has been correlated with the amount of Si excess accurately measured by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and the nanocluster size determined by energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy. The Si-nc embedded in SiO2 have been produced by a fourfold Si+ ion implantation, providing uniform Si excess aimed at a reliable ellipsometric modeling. The complex refractive index of the Si-nc phase has been calculated by the application of the Bruggeman effective-medium approximation to the composite media. The characteristic resonances of the refractive index and extinction coefficient of bulk Si vanish out in Si-nc. In agreement with theoretical simulations, a significant reduction of the refractive index of Si-nc is observed, in comparison with bulk and amorphous silicon. The knowledge of the optical properties of these composite layers is crucial for the realization of Si-based waveguides and light-emitting devices.

The impact of cyclin D1 mRNA isoforms, morphology and p53 in mantle cell lymphoma: p53 alterations and blastoid morphology are strong predictors of a high proliferation index.

BACKGROUND: Mantle cell lymphoma is a clinically heterogeneous disease characterized by overexpression of cyclin D1 protein. Blastoid morphology, high proliferation, and secondary genetic aberrations are markers of aggressive behavior. Expression profiling of mantle cell lymphoma revealed that predominance of the 3'UTR-deficient, short cyclin D1 mRNA isoform was associated with high cyclin D1 levels, a high "proliferation signature" and poor prognosis. DESIGN AND METHODS: Sixty-two cases of mantle cell lymphoma were analyzed for cyclin D1 mRNA isoforms and total cyclin D1 levels by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, and TP53 alterations were assessed by immunohistochemistry and molecular analysis. Results were correlated with proliferation index and clinical outcome. RESULTS: Predominance of the short cyclin D1 mRNA was found in 14 (23%) samples, including four with complete loss of the standard transcript. TP53 alterations were found in 15 (24%) cases. Predominance of 3'UTR-deficient mRNA was significantly associated with high cyclin D1 mRNA levels (P=0.009) and more commonly found in blastoid mantle cell lymphoma (5/11, P=0.060) and cases with a proliferation index of >20% (P=0.026). Both blastoid morphology (11/11, P<0.001) and TP53 alterations (15/15, P<0.001) were significantly correlated with a high proliferation index. A proliferation index of 10% was determined to be a significant threshold for survival in multivariate analysis (P=0.01). CONCLUSIONS: TP53 alterations are strongly associated with a high proliferation index and aggressive behavior in mantle cell lymphoma. Predominance of the 3'UTR-deficient transcript correlates with higher cyclin D1 levels and may be a secondary contributing factor to high proliferation, but failed to reach prognostic significance in this study.

The vasodilatory response of skin microcirculation to local heating is subject to desensitization

RAPPORT DE SYNTHESE Introduction : dans la présente étude, nous nous sommes intéressés à la vasodilatation cutanée induite par le réchauffement local (hyperémie thermique). Il est établi, qu'une partie de cette réponse vasculaire est médiée par l'oxyde nitrique (NO). De manière générale, les effets du NO peuvent être sujets à une désensibilisation, comme nous le démontre le phénomène bien connu de tolérance aux dérivés nitrés. Le but du présent travail était d'évaluer si une telle désensibilisation existe dans le cas de l'hyperémie thermique. Méthodes : nous avons donc examiné si une première stimulation thermique pouvait en atténuer une deuxième, induite plus tard sur le même site cutané à une intervalle de 2h ou 4h. Pour vérifier directement l'effet du réchauffement local sur la sensibilité de la microcirculation cutanée au NO, nous avons de plus appliqué un donneur de NO (nitroprussiate de sodium, SNP) par la technique d' iontophorèse, sur des sites cutanés préalablement soumis à un échauffement local 2h ou 4h auparavant. Nous avons examinés 12 sujets en bonne santé habituelle, de sexe masculin, non fumeurs, âgés de 18 à 30 ans, ne prenant aucune médication. Le flux sanguin dermique a été mesuré par imagerie laser Doppler (LDI, Moor Instruments) sur la face antérieur de l'avant-bras. Le réchauffement local de la peau a été effectué grâce a des petits anneaux métalliques thermo-contrôlés contenant de l'eau. La température était initialement de 34°C. Elle a été augmentée à 41 °C en une minute et maintenue à cette valeur durant 30 minutes. Cette manoeuvre a été répétée sur le même site cutané soit 2 h, soit 4h plus tard. Quant à l'iontophorèse de SNP, elle a été effectuée sur des sites ayant préalablement subi, 2h ou 4h auparavant, un échauffement unique appliqué selon la technique qui vient d'être décrite. Résultats : nous avons observé une atténuation de l'hyperémie thermique lorsque celleci était examinée 2h après un premier échauffement local. Lorsque l'intervalle était de 4h la réponse vasodilatatrice n'était pas réduite. Nous avons également observé une atténuation de la réponse vasodilatatrice au SNP lorsque celui-ci a était appliqué 2h, mais non 4h après un premier échauffement local. Conclusion :cette étude démontre que la réponse vasodilatatrice cutanée induite par l'échauffement local est bien sujette à désensibilisation, comme nous en avions formulé l'hypothèse. Ce phénomène est transitoire. Il est lié, au moins en partie, à une baisse de sensibilité de la microcirculation cutanée aux effets vasodilatateurs du NO.

Evolution of glucose induced thermogenesis in obese subjects with and without diabetes: a six-year follow-up study.

The thermogenic response to a 100 g oral glucose load was measured prospectively (by indirect calorimetry) in three groups of obese subjects: (1) normal glucose tolerance (n = 12, initial weight 86.4 +/- 3.9 kg, BMI 30.4 +/- 1.1 kg/m2; (2) impaired glucose tolerance (n = 8, initial weight 105.3 +/- 7.6 kg, body mass index (BMI) 37.6 +/- 2.9 kg/m2; (3) diabetes (n = 12), initial weight 102.1 +/- 5.3 kg, BMI 36.2 +/- 2.0 kg/m2). The thermogenic response to glucose averaged 6.8 +/- 1.1 and 7.0 +/- 1.0 per cent, in the two non-diabetic obese groups respectively, and was significantly lower in the obese diabetic group (3.1 +/- 0.8 per cent). With the evolution of obesity (i.e. 6 years later), the glucose-induced thermogenesis (GIT) was significantly reduced in the non-diabetic groups (P less than 0.05) to 4.1 +/- 0.8 and 3.0 +/- 1.1 per cent respectively, and was still blunted in the diabetic group (2.1 +/- 0.7 per cent). The decrease in GIT was accompanied by a reduction in glucose tolerance and insulin response with no change in fasting plasma insulin. These effects were observed despite the fact that the body weight of the subject did not change significantly over the 6-year period. It is concluded that the decrease in GIT which accompanies the worsening of glucose tolerance and the occurrence of diabetes is a mechanism which may contribute to maintain the obesity state by a reduction of energy expenditure.

Reliure de : Valerius Maximus nuper editus. Index copiosissimus rerum omnium, & personarum, de quibus in his libris agitur

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Depressive disorder moderates the effect of the FTO gene on body mass index.

There is evidence that obesity-related disorders are increased among people with depression. Variation in the FTO (fat mass and obesity associated) gene has been shown to contribute to common forms of human obesity. This study aimed to investigate the genetic influence of polymorphisms in FTO in relation to body mass index (BMI) in two independent samples of major depressive disorder (MDD) cases and controls. We analysed 88 polymorphisms in the FTO gene in a clinically ascertained sample of 2442 MDD cases and 809 controls (Radiant Study). In all, 8 of the top 10 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) showing the strongest associations with BMI were followed-up in a population-based cohort (PsyCoLaus Study) consisting of 1292 depression cases and 1690 controls. Linear regression analyses of the FTO variants and BMI yielded 10 SNPs significantly associated with increased BMI in the depressive group but not the control group in the Radiant sample. The same pattern was found in the PsyCoLaus sample. We found a significant interaction between genotype and affected status in relation to BMI for seven SNPs in Radiant (P<0.0057), with PsyCoLaus giving supportive evidence for five SNPs (P-values between 0.03 and 0.06), which increased in significance when the data were combined in a meta-analysis. This is the first study investigating FTO and BMI within the context of MDD, and the results indicate that having a history of depression moderates the effect of FTO on BMI. This finding suggests that FTO is involved in the mechanism underlying the association between mood disorders and obesity.