Por uma moradia termicamente confortável: proposta de habitação de interesse social com ênfase no conforto térmico

This research covers the topic of social housing and its relation to thermal comfort, so applied to an architectural and urban intervention in land situated in central urban area of Macaíba/RN, Brazil. Reflecting on the role of design and use of alternative building materials in the search for better performance is one of its main goals. The hypothesis is that by changing design parameters and choice of materials, it is possible to achieve better thermal performance results. Thus, we performed computer simulations of thermal performance and natural ventilation using computational fluid dynamics or CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics). The presentation of the thermal simulation followed the methodology proposed in the dissertation Negreiros (2010), which aims to find the percentage of the amount of hours of comfort obtained throughout the year, while data analysis was made of natural ventilation from images generated by the images extracted from the CFD. From model building designed, was fitted an analytical framework that results in a comparison between three different proposals for dwellings housing model, which is evaluated the question of the thermal performance of buildings, and also deals with the spatial variables design, construction materials and costs. It is concluded that the final report confirmed the general hypotheses set at the start of the study, it was possible to quantify the results and identify the importance of design and construction materials are equivalent, and that, if combined, lead to gains in thermal performance potential.

Henrique Novaes: técnica, território e cidade em uma trajetória profissional: Brasil, primeira metade do século XX

The career of civil engineer Henrique de Novaes, a remarkable figure in the academic, technical and political fields, demonstrates its extensive and relevant work across Brazil in the first half of the twentieth century. It covered from the design of water supply and sewage works, road and rail transport networks, works against drought in the Northeast, hydroelectric and harbor facilities to the urbanization planning and architectural projects, which displays a systematic and multiple production. City and territory conformed to his fields of verification, practical and above all, transformation. The search for understanding of the inclusion of a social actor in this process thus contributes to the specific analysis of the doings of Henrique de Novaes, who graduated at Polytechnic School of Rio de Janeiro in 1906. From a polymorphic activity in different scales, one tries to figure how, through academic education or professional practice, urban history in Brazil can be told or built. The introduction of technological innovations matched the purposes of planning and urban sprawl, as well as met the specifications of regulation and institutionalization of public infrastructure services at the time. The overall plans proposed by the engineer thought of the city as a whole, interconnected to the structural networks. At the same time, the knowledge of a larger physical scale the territory bounces back in the urban in a relationship of reciprocity and completeness. The objective research, therefore, tries to understand the roles played by Henrique de Novaes s works and academic education in the accomplishment of systematic modernization of Brazilian urban space and territory, recovering a little known historical figure by current historiography. It is proposed, as methodological axis, that the study of this professional career configures itself as an essential element for understanding the idea of progress embodied in the technical studies and proposals for improvements and sanitation nationwide in the first half of the twentieth century . The primary sources for the construction of this analysis were technical articles in journals of the period ( Clube de Engenharia , Viação e Revista Brasileira de Engenharia ), and technical reports, government messages, newspaper articles published at the time, autobiographical reports and the engineer s verbal communications with relatives. The work is structured in three chapters: "Biographical traces, academic education and 'technical and political' activities" illustrates the initiation into the technical, public and political environment; Chapter 2, "Technique and territory" outlines his network understanding through sanitation and transport services; Chapter 3 "Technique and City" describes the influence of polytechnics knowledge on the propositions of modernization of cities; Finally, "Final Thoughts: An Evaluation," presents an overview of the affiliations and practice of an engineer in the different scales, and its contribution to the modernization of Brazilian urban and territorial space

Intercâmbio académico internacional: uma oportunidade para a formação do futuro enfermeiro

Enquadramento: O intercâmbio académico internacional possibilita novos conhecimentos científicos e culturais, incluindo tecnologias em saúde, partilha de saberes e experiências e ampliação das oportunidades profissionais. Objetivos: Identificar os benefícios do intercâmbio para a formação do enfermeiro, na perspetiva dos estudantes. Metodologia: Pesquisa exploratório-descritiva de cariz qualitativo. Participaram no estudo 17 estudantes que realizaram programas de mobilidade internacional no Centro Universitário Franciscano - Santa Maria/RS/Brasil e na Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra/Portugal. Os dados foram colhidos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas e submetidos à análise temática de conteúdo. Resultados: A análise dos dados resultou em 3 categorias: A saúde no país de origem vs. país de intercâmbio - contextualizando saberes e vivências profissionais, Intercâmbio académico - possibilidade de desenvolvimento da autonomia dos estudantes e, Ampliando horizontes - contribuições culturais no processo do intercâmbio académico. Conclusão: Os processos de intercâmbio permitem a aproximação dos estudantes a novas realidades práticas e de investigação, o que contribui para a formação do estudante e um melhor desempenho profissional como enfermeiro, no futuro.

Qualidade do ar interior e conforto térmico : um estudo em espaços de estacionamento em Natal/RN

The recent tendency to utilize parking lots for other purposes has demonstrated that more time has been spent by visitors, mainly in great cities. Therefore, this paper investigates the thermal comfort and the air quality indoors in areas specifically used as parking lots by analyzing the direct relation between such environments and vehicular pollution. The thermal comfort and the quality of air indoors in parking lots with different architectonic typology (ground-floor and underground) are also studied, aiming to contribute to the proposition of suitable new areas designated to human usage. Field research was done, in two distinct periods within different weather conditions (January and July) in, two naturally cooled, parking lots located in Natal - RN. The internal environment agents were measured by using tools for air temperature, humidity, speed and direction; interviews with employees and visitors and chemical analysis through appropriate tools to analyze specific material, carbon monoxide and ozone. The results showed that chemical agents densely concentrate mostly in the closed parking space, aggravated by weather conditions, which dissatisfied the visitors. Still, it was shown that architectonic typology, alongside topographical aspects compromise internal environmental conditions, which increases the retention of pollution, leading to dissatisfactory thermal comfort levels and becoming less suitable for usage by visitors considering air and thermal comfort aspects. Consequently, they are not suitable for human stay due to the poor quality of the indoor air

Layout, conforto e satisfação dos usuários em escritórios: uma avaliação pós-ocupação no edifício da sede administrativa do INPE-CRN

This research aimed to identify the link between the layout of workspaces in offices and the design strategies for environmental comfort. Strategies surveyed were focused on the thermal, visual and luminic comfort. In this research, visual comfort is related to issues of visual integration within and between the interior and exterior of the building. This is a case study conducted at the administrative headquarters of Centro Regional Nordeste do Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE-CRN), located in Natal/RN. The methodological strategy used was the Post-Occupancy Evaluation, which combined the survey data on the building (layout of workspaces, bioclimatic strategies adopted in the design, use of these strategies) with some techniques aimed at acquiring qualitative information related to users. The workspace layout is primordial to satisfaction and productivity of workers. Issues such as concentration, communication, privacy, personal identity, density and space efficiency, barriers (access, visual and even ventilation and lighting), among others, are associated with the layout. The environmental comfort is one of the essential elements to maintaining life quality in workplace. Moreover, it is an important factor in user`s perception of the space in which he or she are inserted. Both layout and environmental comfort issues should be collected and analyzed in the establishment phase of the programming step. That way, it is possible to get adequate answers to these questions in subsequent project phases. It was found that changes in the program that occurred over time, especially concerning persons (number and characteristics), resulted in changes in layout, generating high density and inflexible environments. It turns difficult to adjust the furniture to the occupants` requirement, including comfort needs. However, the presence of strategies for environmental quality provides comfort to spaces, ensuring that, even in situations not considered optimal, users perceive the environment in a positive way. It was found that the relationship between environmental comfort and layout takes the following forms: in changing the perception of comfort, depending on the layout of the arrangements; adjustments in layout, due to needs for comfort; and the elevation of user satisfaction and environmental quality due to the presence of strategies comfort even in situations of inadequate layout

Análise bioclimática e investigação do conforto térmico em ambientes externos: uma experiência no bairro de Petrópolis em Natal/RN

This study was intended to investigate how the urban form has been influencing the changes in the climate of the city and make a correlation between the climate and the thermal sensation of the users of open spaces. The research was developed in the district of Petrópolis in Natal/ RN whose occupation has been almost consolidated. Among other reasons, this district was selected because it was planned considering the environmental aspects of comfort. The methodologies used are based on KATZSCHNER (1997) and OLIVEIRA (1988) studies, which suggest the drawing and analysis of maps of the area under study, including topography, height of the buildings, land use, green areas, and types of soil pavement, as well as measurement of the environmental variables: air temperature, relative humidity, direction and wind speed for a comparative study. As part of this, study local users of the district were interviewed about their thermal sensations in open spaces. For the statistical analysis, data was collected at 10 distinct points characterized by BUSTOS ROMERO (2002), being 8 within the district and 2 at different places (outside the district), at climatologic stations, in 3 periods (August/2000, January/2002 and June/2002), for 4 consecutive days for each measurement (from Sunday to Wednesday) at the time of lower and higher temperatures in the city, 6:00 am and 1:00 pm, respectively. At the same time interviews were carried out with users of the open spaces in the area, totaling 171 valid formularies. The urban form showed a rather leveled topography, great diversity of land use and height of the buildings, with the existence of an area mostly occupied with high buildings, very little green area and soil practically impermeable. The statistical analysis showed high temperature and humidity levels. The wind direction is predominantly Southeast with extremely variable speeds. When the data from this district is compared with the data from other areas in the city and its outskirt, it was observed that this district is hotter and less ventilated than the others; besides, most users said that they felt uncomfortable in the local environmental conditions. The results of the analysis generated a zoning for the district with recommendations for soil occupation. The profile of the user was defined regarding the thermal comfort, as well as some discussion about the comfort parameters, including the proposal of limiting areas of temperature and humidity for the thermal comfort in the open spaces

Relación entre el nivel de estrés académico y PH salival en estudiantes de odontología en una universidad de la provincia de Chiclayo, 2015

Debido a las exigencias universitarias los estudiantes de odontología se ven sometidos a situaciones altamente estresantes en donde su salud física y mental se ven comprometidas. El presente estudio buscó describir los niveles de estrés académico y los estados de pH salival. Objetivo: Relacionar el nivel de estrés académico y el estado de pH salival en estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo de la provincia de Chiclayo, 2015. Materiales y Métodos: Participaron todos los estudiantes de la escuela de odontología de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo que cumplieron con los criterios de selección. Se les tomaron las muestras de saliva en un espacio de 30 segundos por alumno, siendo estas llevadas al laboratorio donde fueron evaluadas con el pH metro HACH LANGE® dándonos el estado de pH salival de cada muestra; seguido se aplicó el cuestionario DES30 de evaluación de estrés académico de 34 ítems y que fue llenado en un espacio de 15 minutos de manera colectiva. Cada alumno fue identificado mediante un código que se le asignó al momento de llenar la encuesta y que se colocó en su muestra salival. El análisis de datos del presente proyecto, se realizó haciendo uso de la prueba estadística de Análisis de Co-Relación o Co-Relacional con un nivel de confiabilidad de 95%, para encontrar la relación entre el nivel de estrés académico y pH salival en los estudiantes de odontología de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo. Resultados: Se obtuvo como resultado la relación estadísticamente no significativa entre el nivel de estrés académico y el pH salival.

Condicionamento do percurso académico do professor do ensino secundário face à perceção e ação da indisciplina na sala de aula

Projeto de investigação no âmbito da Pós-Graduação em Educação Especial – Domínio Cognitivo e Motor, da Escola Superior de Educação de Paula Frassinetti.

Lo académico, lo comunitario y lo personal en la praxis de la Psicología Comunitaria: ¿Un monstruo de tres cabezas o la santísima trinidad?

La praxis de los/as Psicólogo/as Comunitario/as se caracteriza por integrar nuestros ámbitos de acción de manera que reflejen las metas y los valores de la disciplina. Mi trabajo como Psicóloga Comunitaria ha incluido escenarios como: docencia en programas de pregrado y postgrado en la Universidad del estado, centros de investigación, organizaciones de base comunitaria que realizan trabajo de prevención, investigaciones colaborativas con comunidades geográficas, consultoría a sindicatos, colaboraciones internacionales y trabajo voluntario con iniciativas multisectoriales. De esta praxis han emergido tres identidades: profesora e investigadora universitaria en un Programa Graduado de Psicología Social Comunitaria, Psicóloga Comunitaria trabajando en escenarios del “mundo real” y activista social. Este artículo constituye una reflexión sobre la complejidad de asumir simultáneamente dichas identidades, los dilemas que la caracterizan, así como formas de armonizar las mismas. Esta reflexión es necesaria de cara a la formación de futuros psicólogos/as y de la renovación y/o transformación de los valores y metas de la disciplina.

Una caracterización inicial para el logro académico de estudiantes de primer año universitario: a preliminary picture

Las transformaciones que han operado durante las últimas décadas en la educación superior, exigen de las instituciones el compromiso de acompañar a aquellos estudiantes que por sus condiciones de ingreso pueden presentar mayores dificultades en su integración académica y social. Para esto, se requiere conocer sus necesidades y potencialidades a fin de adecuar estrategias y recursos de aprendizaje y hacer viable su experiencia académica. Desde el 2012, el Instituto CREAR de la Universidad San Sebastián, ha desarrollado un Instrumento de Caracterización Académica Inicial (ICAI) que evalúa a los estudiantes que ingresan a primer año en la Universidad. Tras cuatro años de aplicación (2012-2015), ICAI ha logrado reunir datos de más de 20.000 estudiantes. Así, este instrumento, compuesto por un cuestionario sociodemográfico, un test de habilidades cognitivas y un cuestionario de estrategias de estudio y aprendizaje, ha permitido contar con información oportuna y de calidad acerca del perfil de entrada de los estudiantes y retroalimentar las iniciativas educativas que se implementan a lo largo del proceso académico, a la vez de orientar intervenciones dirigidas a los estudiantes con mayores necesidades de apoyo. Se estima que el presente trabajo contribuye a reforzar el conocimiento responsable de las características iniciales de los estudiantes, de modo de hacer viable y exitoso su tránsito al primer año universitario.

Agrupación de estudiantes según rendimiento académico: ¿Afecta el núcleo pedagógico?

Este artículo reflexiona sobre las prácticas de agrupación de estudiantes al interior de las escuelas y su nexo con los resultados de aprendizaje. Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica que contrasta distintas posiciones y evidencia empírica existente en torno a la agrupación de estudiantes según habilidad -tracking-. Se plantea que no existe una causalidad directa entre cómo se conforman las salas de clases y el logro de mejores aprendizajes, sino que el mejoramiento pasa por afectar el núcleo pedagógico que corresponde al estudiante y al docente, en presencia de contenidos. Consecuentemente, al momento de juzgar distintas opciones de conformación de cursos, se necesita examinar no solo los logros académicos resultantes, sino también las creencias y prácticas pedagógicas que se asocian a cada opción de agrupamiento. La premisa es alinear la investigación empírica en la materia con los esfuerzos de mejora de las escuelas.

Factores asociados al fracaso académico en estudiantes de la Escuela de Medicina: Facultad de CC.MM. Universidad de Cuenca. año 2001, estudio de aspectos socioeconómicos de la familia del esudiante

Durante el período académico 2000-2001 perdieron el año 127 estudiantes [14.41 por ciento] en la escuela de Medicina. Ante la relevancia del fenómeno se procede a estudiarlo con el objeto de conocer lo factores asociados al mismo. Se define al "fracaso académico" como la pérdida de un año de estudios. Método: mediante un estudio de casos y testigos se investigaron las condiciones socioeconómicas, el apoyo familiar, el nivel de instrucción del padre, el colegio de procedencia y las habilidades para el estudio. Se aplican test para valorar métodos y hábitos de estudio y APGAR familiar, Ambos grupos de estudio presentan características similares en cuanto a las viriables de control [edad, y sexo] [p=0.0006]; tipo de colegio del que procede el estudiante [p=0.002]; condición socioeconómica [p=0.004].

O contributo de enfermagem na segurança e conforto da pessoa submetida a procedimentos em electrofisiologia e pacing

A segurança do doente revela-se como uma das questões mais importantes ao nível da política de saúde e do debate público (OCDE, 2014). A Comissão Europeia refere que, não existindo qualquer alteração de política de saúde, o número de eventos adversos associados à hospitalização, na União Europeia, rondaria os dez milhões por ano, dos quais cerca de 4,4 milhões seriam evitáveis. Tendo em conta os dados acima apresentados de que forma nós, na nossa prática de cuidados podemos contribuir para a segurança do doente, nomeadamente, em doentes submetidos a estudos electrofisiológicos e implantação de dispositivos cardíaco (PMD / CDI). Nesta prelecção iremos abordar o percurso do doente, desde que este é informado da necessidade de implantação de um dispositivo cardíaco, em consulta médica, até ao seu seguimento no pós-alta, em consulta de enfermagem. Deste modo, podemos constatar que a nossa prática diária de cuidados vai de encontro às recomendações do Conselho Europeu (2009) para a segurança do doente. Os serviços de saúde devem ser orientados para o doente, ou seja, comunicar e interagir com os doentes num ambiente humanizado, de forma a minimizar o desconforto associado à situação que os leva a recorrer aos serviços de saúde.

Diferencia en la evolución de pacientes con diagnóstico de problemas de columna vertebral tratados con crioterapia y baños de parafina, complementados con otras modalidades terapéuticas del sector académico y administrativo de la Facultad Multidisciplinaria Oriental Universidad de El Salvador, período de julio a septiembre de 2010.

La columna vertebral es la estructura más importante del sistema esquelético, encargada de dar equilibrio y sostén al cuerpo humano, en ella se insertan los músculos de la espalda, por lo que cualquier alteración da origen a diversas afecciones entre las cuales están, cervicalgia, dorsalgia y lumbalgia. Las alteraciones de la columna vertebral pueden aparecer de forma brusca o progresiva, la mayoría de estos problemas se manifiestan por, dolor, inflamación y espasmos musculares, producido especialmente por el Stress laboral en ciertas actividades de la vida diaria que en algunos casos puede manifestarse de tal forma que llegan a ser incapacitantes.