Optical properties and structure of Sb-rich AgInSbTe phase change thin films

A new composition content quaternary-alloy-based phase change thin film, Sb-rich AgInSbTe, has been prepared by DC-magnetron sputtering on a K9 glass substrate. After the film has been subsequently annealed at 200degreesC for 30 min, it becomes a crystalline thin film. The diffraction peak of antimony (Sb) are observed by shallow (0.5 degree) x-ray diffraction in the quaternary alloy thin film. The analyses of the measurement from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) show that the crystallization temperature of the phase change thin film is about 190degreesC and increases with the heating rate. By Kissinger plot, the activation energy for crystallization is determined to be 3.05eV. The reflectivity, refractive index and extinction coefficient of the crystalline and amorphous phase change thin films are presented. The optical absorption coefficient of the phase change thin films as a function of photon energy is obtained from the extinction coefficient. The optical band gaps of the amorphous and crystallization phase change thin films are 0.265eV and 1.127eV, respectively.

Optical transmission larger than 1 (T > 1) through ZnS-SiO2/AgOx/ZnS-SiO2 sandwiched thin films

Optical transmission through flat media should be smaller than 1. However, we have observed optical transmission up to T=1.18. The samples were ZnS-SiO2/AgOx/ZnS-SiO2 sandwiched thin films on glass substrate. The supertransmission could only be observed in the near field. We attribute the supertransmission to the lateral propagation relayed by the laser activated and decomposed Ag nanoparticles. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

Rigorous transmittance analysis of a sub-wavelength Sb thin film lens

We quantitatively analysed the factors contributing to the optical transmission enhancement of a sub-wavelength Sb thin film lens, using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The results show that the transmission enhancement of the dielectric with a Gaussian distributed refractive index loaded in a sub-wavelength circular hole is not only due to the high refractive index dielectric, but also due to the specific distributions of refractive index. It is the first study about the effects of the refractive index distribution on the transmission of a sub-wavelength aperture. This kind of lens has practical applications in the very small aperture lasers and for near-field optical storage and lithography.

Super-resolution with a nonlinear thin film: Beam reshaping via internal multi-interference

In laser applications, the size of the focus spot can be reduced beyond the diffraction limit with a thin film of strong nonlinear optical Kerr effect. We present a concise theoretical simulation of the device. The origin of the super-resolution is found to be mainly from the reshaping effect due to the strongly nonlinear refraction mediated multi-interference inside the thin film. In addition, both diffraction and self-focusing effects have been explored and found negligible for highly refractive and ultrathin films in comparison with the reshaping effect. Finally, the theoretic model has been verified in experiments with single Ge2Sb2Te5 film and SiN/Si/SiN/Ge2Sb2Te2 multilayer structures. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics.

Thermal, structural and optical properties of NiOx thin films deposited by reactive dc-magnetron sputtering

The NiOx thin films were deposited by reactive dc-magnetron sputtering from a nickel metal target in Ar + O-2 with the relative O-2 content 5%. The as-deposited NiOx, thin films could represent a two-component system comprising crystalline NiO particles dispersed in an amorphous Ni2O3. Decomposition temperature of the as-deposited NiO, thin films was at about 263 degrees C. After annealed at 400 degrees C for 30 min in air, the surface morphology of the films became very rough due to the decomposition of the Ni2O3, leading to the changes of the optical properties of the NiO, thin films. The reflectivity of the films annealed at 400 degrees C was lower than that of the as-deposited one and the optical contrast was 52% at 405 nm. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Optical parameters and absorption of copper (II)-azo complexes thin films as optical recording media

Smooth thin films of three kinds of azo dyes of 2-(5'-tert-butyl-3'-azoxylisoxazole)-1, 3-diketones and their copper (II)-azo complexes were prepared by the spin-coating method. Absorption spectra of the thin films on a glass substrate in the 300-600 nm wavelength region were measured. Optical constants (complex refractive index N=n+ik) and thickness of the thin films prepared on single-crystal silicon substrate in the 300-600 nm wavelength region were investigated on rotating analyzer-polarizer type of scanning ellipsometer, and dielectric constants epsilon(epsilon=epsilon(1)+i epsilon(2)), absorption coefficients alpha as well as reflectance R of thin films were then calculated. In addition, one of the copper (II)-azo complex thin film prepared on glass substrate with an Ag reflective layer was also studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and static optical recording. AFM study shows that the copper (II)-azo complex thin film is very smooth and has a root mean square surface roughness of 1.89 nm. Static optical recording shows that the recording marks on the copper (II)-azo complex thin film are very clear and circular, and the size of the minimal recording marks can reach 200 nm. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Preparation, characterization and gas sensing properties of high soluble metal (II) phthalocyanine thin films by spin-coating method

Three novel metal (II) phthalocyanine complexes were synthesized by cyclic tetramerisation reaction of a dicyano benzene component and different metal ions (Pd2+, Co2+, Zn2+). The structure of complexes was confirmed by elemental analysis, mass and IR spectrum. The excellent solubility of the complexes in benzene enabled us to obtain films by a spin-coating method. The films were characterized by IR, electronic spectral and AFM. The gas sensing properties to NO2 of the metal (II) phthalocyanine complex films were studied. In addition, the effects of different metal ions and the gas sensing temperature on the sensing properties were studied. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

SbOx thin films used for write-once blue laser recording

SbOx thin films are deposited by reactive dc-magnetron sputtering from all antimony metal target in Ar+O-2 with the relative O-2 content 7%. It is found that the as-deposited films call represent a two-component system comprising amorphous Sb and amorphous Sb2O3. The crystallization of Sb is responsible for the changes of optical properties of the films. The results of the static, test show that the SbOx thin films have good writing sensitivity for blue laser beams and the recording marks are very clear and circular. High reflectivity contrast of about 41% is obtained at a writing power 6 mW and writing pulse width 300 ns. In addition, the films show a good stability after reading 10000 times.

Determination and analysis of the optical constants of thin films of nickel(II) and copper(II) hydrazone complexes by spectroscopic ellipsometry

Thin films of four nickel(II) and copper(II) hydrazone complexes, which will hopefully be used as recording layers for the next-generation of high-density recordable disks, were prepared by using the spin-coating method. Absorption spectra of the thin films on K9 optical glass substrates in the 300-700 nm wavelength region were measured. Optical constants (complex refractive indices N) and thickness d of the thin films prepared on single-crystal silicon substrates in the 275-675 nm wavelength region were investigated on a rotating analyzer-polarizer scanning ellipsometer by fitting the measured ellipsometric angles (Psi(lambda) and Delta(lambda)) with a 3-layer model (Si/dye film/air). The dielectric functions epsilon and absorption coefficients alpha as a function of the wavelength were then calculated. Additionally, a design to achieve high reflectivity and optimum dye film thickness with an appropriate reflective layer was performed with the Film Wizard software using a multilayered model (PC substrate/reflective layer/dye film/air) at 405 nm wavelength.

On the dynamic readout of sub-diffraction-limit pit arrays with a silver thin film

Fast moving arrays of periodic sub-diffraction-limit pits were dynamically read out via a silver thin film. The mechanism of the dynamic readout is analysed and discussed in detail, both experimentally and theoretically. The analysis and experiment show that, in the course of readout, surface plasmons can be excited at the silver/air interface by the focused laser beam and amplified by the silver thin film. The surface plasmons are transmitted into the substrate/silver interface with a large enhancement. The surface waves at the substrate/silver interface are scattered by the sinusoidal pits of sub-diffraction-limit size. The scattered waves are collected by a converging lens and guided into the detector for the readout.

Influence of thermal annealing on optical properties and surface morphology of NiOx thin films

NiOx thin films were deposited by reactive DC-magnetron sputtering from a nickel metal target in Ar + O-2 with the relative O-2 content of 5%. Thermal annealing effects on optical properties and surface morphology of NiOx, films were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope and optical measurement. The results showed that the changes in optical properties and surface morphology depended on the temperature. The surface morphology of the films changed obviously as the annealing temperature increased due to the reaction NiOx -> NiO + O-2 releasing O-2. The surface morphology change was responsible for the variation of the optical properties of the films. The optical contrast between the as-deposited films and 400 degrees C annealed films was about 52%. In addition, the relationship of the optical energy band gap with the variation of annealing temperature was studied. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Structure-change-dependent transmittance of PtOx thin film in super-resolution near-field structure: Diffraction effect analysis

To study working mechanism of super-resolution near-field structure (super-RENS) optical disk from a far-field optics view is very necessary because of the actual far-field writing/readout process in the optical disk system. A Gaussian diffraction model based on Fresnel-Kirchhoff diffraction theory of PtOx-type super-RENS has been set up in this Letter. The relationship between micro-structural deformation (change of bubble structure and refractive index profile) with far-field optical response of PtOx thin film has been studied with it in detail. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results reported in literatures with a designed configuration. These results may provide more quantitative information for better understanding of the working mechanism of metal-oxide-type super-RENS. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Write-once blue laser recording using silicon doped SbOx thin films prepared by reactive dc-magnetron sputtering

Si:SbOx films have been deposited by reactive dc-magnetron sputtering from a Sb target with Si chips attached in Ar + O-2 with the relative O-2 content 7%. The as-deposited films contained Sb metal, Sb2O3, SiO, Si2O3 and SiO2. The crystallization of Sb was responsible for the changes of optical properties of the films. The results of the blue laser recording test showed that the films had good writing sensitivity for blue laser beam (406.7 nm), and the recording marks were still clear even if the films were deposited in air 60 days, which demonstrated that doping silicon in SbOx films can improve the stability of SbOx films. High reflectivity contrast of about 36% was obtained at a writing power 6 mW and writing pulse width 300 ns. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Optical properties of nickel(II)-azo complexes thin films for potential application as high-density recordable optical recording media

Smooth thin films of three kinds of nickel(II)-azo complexes were prepared by the spin-coating method. Absorption spectra of the thin films on K9 glass substrate in the 300-600 nn wavelength region were measured. Optical constants (complex refractive index N = n + ik) and thickness of the thin films prepared on single-crystal silicon substrate in the 300-600 nm wavelength region were investigated on rotating analyzer-polarizer type of scanning ellipsometer, and dielectric constants epsilon (epsilon = epsilon(1) + i epsilon(2)), absorption coefficients a as well as reflectance R of thin films were then calculated at 405 nm. In addition, in order to examine the possible use of nickel(II)-azo complex thin film as an optical recording medium, one of the nickel(II)-azo complex thin film prepared on K9 glass substrate with an Ag reflective layer was also studied by atomic force microscopy and static optical recording. The results show that the nickel(II)-azo complex thin film is smooth and has a root mean square surface roughness of 2.25 nm, and the recording marks on the nickel(II)-azo complex thin film are very clear and circular, and their size can reach 200 nn or less. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Write-once medium with Fe-Doped BiOx thin films for blue laser recording

Fe:BiOx films are fabricated on K9 glass substrates by rf-magnetron sputtering of a BiFeO target under argon atmosphere with increasing sputtering power from 80 to 200 W at room temperature. It is found that the thin films grown at the sputtering power of 160W can be formed at an appropriate deposition rate and have an improved surface morphology. The XPS result reveals that the films investigated are comprised of Bi, Fe and O elements. A typical XRD pattern shows that no phase transition occurs in the films up to 400 degrees C. The results of the blue laser recording test demonstrate that the Fe:BiOx films have good writing sensitivity for blue laser beam (406.7 nm) and good stability after reading 10000 times. The recording marks of 200nm or less are obtained. These results indicate that the introduction of Fe into BiOx films can reduce the mark size and improve the stability of the films.