Hábitos de compra de las hortalizas en el País Vasco

Título del monográfico: Usos y costumbres en la alimentación. Recoge los contenidos presentados a las Jornadas de Antropología de la Alimentación, Nutrición y Salud (3. 2006. Bilbao). Coord. por Esther Rebato Ochoa

Bertso eguna 2016: bertso-ikuskizuna eta genero-ikuspegia

[EUS] Gradu Amaierako Lan honetan esparru hauek uztartu dira: bertsolaritza, hedabideak eta Genero Ikasketak. Hiru esparru horien bidegurutzean, 2016ko Bertso Egunaren genero-irakurketa bat egitea du helburu ikerlanak. Genero-azterketa egiteko, bertso-emanaldiaren hiru alderdi nagusi aztertu dira: batetik, antolakuntzak hartutako erabakiak aztertu dira; bestetik, bertsolarien bertso-jardunaren inguruko gogoeta egin da; eta azkenik, EITBk eginiko ikus-entzunezko ekoizpena izan da hizpide. Alderdi horien analisia egiteko lau urrats nagusi egin dira: lehenik, Bertso Egunaren inguruko dokumentazio-lana osatu da; bigarrenik, bertso-egoeren, bertso-jardunaren, eta ikus-entzunezkoaren deskripzioa egin da; hirugarrenik, deskripzioan xehaturiko ezaugarrien interpretazioa egin da, atalez atal; eta laugarrenik, atal guztien ezaugarriak kontuan harturik, ondorio orokor zenbait garatu dira.

"España Verde": tourism destination image among German Facebook users

Dissertação de Mestrado, Economia do Turismo e da Economia Regional, Faculdade de Economia, Universidade do Algarve, 2016

Caracterizaçao da pesca recreativa de costa sul e sudoeste de Portugal

Trammel net fisheries were studied in four areas: the Cantabrian Sea (Basque Country, Spain), the Algarve (Southern Portugal), the Gulf of Cádiz (Spain) and the Cyclades Islands (Greece). Surveys were carried out in order to identify trammel net métiers and to characterise the gear used. Trammel nets were among the most important gears used in the small-scale fisheries, with up to 9 different métiers identified in each area. The most important métiers in the Algarve and the Gulf of Cádiz were those for cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) and soles (Solea senegalensis, Microchirus azevia, Synaptura lusitanica). In the Cantabrian Sea, sole (Solea vulgaris), shellfish (several species) and scorpion fish (Scorpaena spp.) métiers dominated while a variety of species where targeted in the multi-species trammel net fishery in the Cyclades. In each area, experimental trammel nets of six different types (combinations of 2 large mesh outer panel sizes and 3 small mesh outer panels) corresponding to the most common métier, were constructed and fishing trials carried out on a seasonal basis (4 seasons in the Cantabrian Sea, Algarve and Cyclades and 2 in the Gulf of Cádiz) using chartered commercial fishing vessels. Overall, 271, 360, 185 and 185 km of trammel nets were fished in the experimental fishing trials in the Cantabrian Sea, Algarve, Gulf of Cádiz and Cyclades Islands respectively.

Mamita Yunai: una traducción al húngaro

En este artÍCulo se analiza la traducción de un texto literario costarricense al húngaro como una instancia de metatexto que utiliza determinados rasgos de la percepción cultural e ideológica del público meta sobre lo latinoamericano, con el fin de lograr el acercamiento o identificación del lector con una cultura muy diferente a la suya. Se argumenta que este rediseño del texto sigue un patrón consecuente y, lejos de ser un irrespeto al autor, constituye la esencia misma de la traducción.In this brief study, the translation into Hungarian of a Costa Rican literary text is analyzed as a metatext that makes use of certain features of the target culture's view of Latin America (both in terms of culture and ideology) to bring the reader nearer to a very different reality. We argue that the translator's decisions fit into a systematic design which by no means should be considered unfaithfulness but rather the very essence of translation.

Remote Substituent Effects on the Stereoselectivity and Organocatalytic Activity of Densely Substituted Unnatural Proline Esters in Aldol Reactions

The organocatalytic activities of highly substituted proline esters obtained through asymmetric [3+2] cycloadditions of azomethine ylides derived from glycine iminoesters have been analyzed by 19F NMR and through kinetic isotope effects. Kinetic rate constants have been determined for unnatural proline esters incorporating different substituents. It has been found that exo-L and endo-L unnatural proline methyl esters yield opposite enantiomers in aldol reactions between cyclic ketones and aromatic aldehydes. The combined results reported in this study show subtle and remote effects that determine the organocatalytic behavior of these synthetic but readily available amino acid derivatives. These data can be used as design criteria for the development of new pyrrolidine-based organocatalysts.

El programa de clemencia como instrumento en la lucha contra las practicas monopolisticas

El programa de clemencia consiste en perdonar la multa a la primera empresa que aporte pruebas sobre las prácticas monopolísticas. Se pone en marcha en Europa en el año 2001 con unos resultados superiores a los previstos. En este trabajo se analiza el programa de clemencia comenzando por el ámbito europeo, continuando con el estatal y acabando en el territorio vasco. Se estudian en profundidad los distintos organismos encargados de velar por el buen uso de la competencia y a su vez se analizan las multas que dichos organismos han impuesto a lo largo del tiempo mediante este programa. Se incluye una interesante y clarificadora entrevista con la presidenta de la Autoridad Vasca de la Competencia. Se prosigue con el análisis del programa de clemencia en referencia al ”dilema del prisionero” original, con sus diferencias y similitudes y se concluye con datos que avalan el buen funcionamiento del programa finalizando con una pequeña reflexión personal.

Desarrollo Sostenible y Espacios Naturales Protegidos: el caso de la Reserva de la Biosfera de Urdaibai

En este Trabajo Fin de Grado se analiza el desarrollo y evolución de los Espacios Naturales Protegidos en el marco del concepto de Desarrollo Sostenible. Se ha tratado de mostrar la evolución en el tiempo y en los fines llevada a cabo por estos Espacios, tanto desde el ámbito internacional como europeo, nacional y local, deteniéndose, especialmente, en el estudio de la Reserva de la Biosfera de Urdaibai, al considerarse uno de los elementos más representativos de Euskadi. Con este trabajo, se confirma la hipótesis de que, aunque en la declaración y protección de Espacios Naturales se aprecia un esfuerzo realizado notable, aún queda un largo camino por recorrer.

Kirol marken irudi eta posizionamendu analisia EAEko eta Alemaniako merkatuan

(EUSKERA) Azken urteetan, marken irudi eta posizionamendua neurtzeko asmoz, bai eremu profesionaletik bai hezkuntzaren eremutik ekarpenak egiten ari dira. Lan honetan, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko (Espainia) eta Bavariako (Alemania) eremu geografikoetara mugatuz kirol marken inguruko merkataritza ikerketa bat garatu izan da. Kontsumitzaileen portaeran eta pentsaeran ematen diren aldaketa azkarrak merkatuaren analisi jarraitu baten beharra sortzen dute. Planteamendu honekin, lan honetan, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoko eta Bavariako kirol marka nagusien irudia eta posizionamendua aztertu da, hauek definitzen dituzten funtsezko ezaugarriak eta jarrerak deskribatuz eta bezeroen pertzepzioei dagokienez antzekoak diren marka taldeak identifikatuz.

American Perceptions of British Regional Dialects

Sociolinguists have discussed problematic language ideologies, such as Standard Language Ideology (Lippi-Green 1997) extensively and social perceptions of Standard English in the U.S and U.K are well documented. However, most work in this area has focused on perceptions of dialects within national contexts. This study makes a novel contribution to the study of language attitudes, investigating perceptions of British regional dialects within the U.S. A survey was created to gauge perceptions of five British regional dialects (Liverpool, Leeds, Birmingham, Newcastle, London). 49 survey participants listened to audio clips of British regional dialect speakers and then completed a mapping activity, answered perception questions, and ranked each speaker on specific qualities. Results showed that speaker region had a significant effect on perception of almost all variables at a statistically significant rate, despite unfamiliarity with all but the London dialect. Results suggest that although participants are largely unfamiliar with varieties of English in England outside of London, they assessed them by recruiting pre-existing stereotypes about vernacular dialects.

Discards from experimental trammel nets in southern European small-scale fisheries

Trammel net discards in four southern European areas were considerable, with a total of 137 species (79.7% of the total) discarded 65, 105, 46 and 32 species in the Basque country (Spain), Algarve (Portugal), Gulf of Cadiz (Spain) and Cyclades islands (Greece), respectively. The overall discard rate in terms of catch numbers ranged from 15% for the Cyclades to 49% for the Algarve, with the high discard rate for the latter due largely to small pelagic fishes. Discards in the four areas consisted mainly of Trisopterus luscus (Basque country), Scomber japonicus (Algarve), Torpedo torpedo (Cadiz) and Sardina pilchardus (all three areas), and Diplodus annularis in the Cyclades. Strong seasonal variation in discarding was found, reflecting differences in metiers and the versatility of trammel nets as a gear. Discarding, both in terms of numbers of species and individuals decreased with increasing inner panel mesh size. The main reasons for discarding were: (1) species of no or low commercial value (e.g. Scomber japonicus; Torpedo torpedo), (2) commercial species that were damaged or spoiled (e.g. Merluccius merluccius), (3) undersized commercial species (e.g. Lophius piscatorius), and (4) species of commercial value but not caught in sufficient quantities to warrant sale (e.g. Sardina pilchardus). A decrease in soak time together with the appropriate choice of mesh sizes could contribute to a reduction in discarding and to improved sustainability and use of scarce resources in the small-scale, inshore multi-species fisheries of southern Europe. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ecological quality assessment of transitional waters based on fish assemblages in Portuguese estuaries: The Estuarine Fish Assessment Index (EFAI)

The assessment of water quality has changed markedly worldwide over the last years, especially in Europe due to the implementation of the Water Framework Directive. Fish was considered a key-element in this context and several fish-based multi-metric indices have been proposed. In this study, we propose a multi-metric index, the Estuarine Fish Assessment Index (EFAI), developed for Portuguese estuaries, designed for the overall assessment of transitional waters, which could also be applied at the water body level within an estuary. The EFAI integrates seven metrics: species richness, percentage of marine migrants, number of species and abundance of estuarine resident species, number of species and abundance of piscivorous species, status of diadromous species, status of introduced species and status of disturbance sensitive species. Fish sampling surveys were conducted in 2006, 2009 and 2010, using beam trawl, in 13 estuarine systems along the Portuguese coast. Most of the metrics presented a high variability among the transitional systems surveyed. According to the EFAI values, Portuguese estuaries presented a "Good" water quality status (except the Douro in a particular year). The assessments in different years were generally concordant, with a few exceptions. The relationship between the EFAI and the Anthropogenic Pressure Index (API) was not significant, but a negative and significant correlation was registered between the EFAI and the expert judgement pressure index, at both estuary and water body level. The ordination analysis performed to evaluate similarities among North-East Atlantic Geographical Intercalibration Group (NEAGIG) fish-based indices put in evidence four main groups: the French index, since it is substantially different from all the other indices (uses only four metrics based on densities); indices from Ireland, United Kingdom and Spain (Asturias and Cantabria); the Dutch and German indices; and the indices of Belgium. Portugal and Spain (Basque country). The need for detailed studies, including comparative approaches, on several aspects of these assessment tools, especially in what regards their response to anthropogenic pressures was stressed. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Size selectivity of trammel nets in southern European small-scale fisheries

Trammel net size selectivity was studied for the most important metiers in four southern European areas: the Cantabrian Sea (Atlantic, Basque Country, Spain), the Algarve (Atlantic, southern Portugal), the Gulf of Cadiz (Atlantic, Spain) and the Cyclades Islands (Mediterranean, Aegean Sea, Greece). These metiers were: cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) and soles (Solea senegalensis, Microchirus azevia, Synaptura lusitanica) in the Algarve and the Gulf of Cadiz, sole (Solea solea) in the Cantabrian Sea and mixed fin-fish in the Cyclades. In each area, experimental trammel nets of six different types (combinations of two large outer panel mesh sizes and three small inner panel meshes) were constructed. Fishing trials were carried out on a seasonal basis (four seasons in the Cantabrian Sea, Algarve and Cyclades and two seasons in the Gulf of Cadiz) with chartered commercial fishing vessels. Overall, size selectivity was estimated for 17 out of 28 species for which sufficient data were available. Trammel nets generally caught a wide size range of the most important species, with length frequency distributions that were skewed to the right and/or bi-modal. In many cases the length frequency distributions of the different nets were highly overlapped. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test also showed that the large outer panel meshes generally had no effect in terms of size selectivity, while the opposite was true for the small inner panel ones. Six different selectivity models (normal scale, normal location, gamma, log-normal, bi-modal and gamma semi-Wileman) were fitted to data for the most abundant species in the four areas. For fish, the bi-modal model provided the best fits for the majority of the data sets, with the uni-modal models giving poor fits in most cases. For Sepia officinalis, where trammelling or pocketing was the method of capture in 100% of the cases, the logistic model fitted by maximum likelihood was judged to be more appropriate for describing the size selective properties of the trammel nets. Our results, which are among the first ones on trammel net selectivity in European waters, will be useful for evaluating the impacts of competing gear for the socio-economically important small-scale static gear fisheries. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.

Trammel net catch species composition, catch rates and metiers in southern European waters: A multivariate approach

We identified and quantified the effect of season, depth, and inner and outer panel mesh size on the trammel net catch species composition and catch rates in four southern European areas (Northeast Atlantic: Basque Country, Spain; Algarve, Portugal; Gulf of Cadiz, Spain; Mediterranean: Cyclades, Greece), all of which are characterised by important trammel net fisheries. In each area, we conducted, in 1999-2000, seasonal, experimental fishing trials at various depths with trammel nets of six different inner/outer panel mesh combinations (i.e., two large outer panel meshes and three small inner panel meshes). Overall, our study covered some of the most commonly used inner panel mesh sizes, ranging from 40 to 140 mm (stretched). We analysed the species composition and catch rates of the different inner/outer panel combinations with regression, multivariate analysis (cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling) and other 'community' techniques (number of species, dominance curves). All our analyses indicated that the outer panel mesh sizes used in the present study did not significantly affect the catch characteristics in terms of number of species, catch rates and species composition. Multivariate analyses and seasonal dominance plots indicated that in Basque, Algarve and Cyclades waters, where sampling covered wide depth ranges, both season and depth strongly affected catch species compositions. For the Gulf of Cadiz, where sampling was restricted to depths 10-30 m, season was the only factor affecting catch species composition and thus group formation. In contrast, the inner panel mesh size did not generally affect multidimensional group formation in all areas but affected the dominance of the species caught in the Algarve and the Gulf of Cadiz. Multivariate analyses also revealed 11 different metiers (i.e., season-depth-species-inner panel mesh size combinations) in the four areas. This clearly indicated the existence of trammel net 'hot spots', which represent essential habitats (e.g., spawning, nursery or wintering grounds) of the life history of the targeted and associated species. The number of specimens caught declined significantly with inner panel mesh size in all areas. We attributed this to the exponential decline in abundance with size, both within- and between-species. In contrast, the number of species caught in each area was not related to the inner mesh size. This was unexpected and might be a consequence of the wide size-selective range of trammel nets. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.