Relação dialógica de cuidado entre o ser enfermeiro e o ser criança : sob a visão da Teoria de Paterson e Zderad

Este estudo visa a desvelar os elementos teóricos presentes no encontro de cuidado entre o enfermeiro e a criança doente hospitalizada, tendo como referencial teórico a Teoria Humanística de Enfermagem de Paterson e Zderad. Utilizou-se a pesquisa qualitativa com abordagem fenomenológica e a análise hermenêutica de Paul Ricoeur. O estudo desenvolveu-se no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre. O grupo de participantes do estudo foi composto por oito enfermeiras das unidades de internação e unidade de tratamento intensivo pediátricas (UTIP). Para coleta das informações foi utilizada a entrevista semi-estruturada proposta por Triviños. Na análise das informações e o desvelamento do fenômeno, elementos teóricos do encontro de cuidado ao Ser criança doente hospitalizada, utilizou-se a abordagem hermenêutica de Ricoeur e os passos proposto por Motta e Crossetti. Os elementos teóricos, emergidos do encontro de cuidado desvelaram os seguintes temas e subtemas: do tema SER CRIANÇA NO MUNDO DO CUIDADO emergiram os subtemas: o Ser criança como presença de cuidado; compartilhando experiências no adoecer e no cuidar; e aproximando o mundo do Ser criança ao mundo do hospital Do tema SER ENFERMEIRO NO ENCONTRO GENUÍNO emergiram os subtemas: percebendo o Ser criança doente hospitalizada; vivenciando sua existencialidade; cuidando em “com-unidade” com a família; aproximando-se da função materna; o “estar-com” na intersubjetividade do cuidado; compromisso autêntico e o ser cuidado; e o tema “NÓS”: SER ENFERMEIRO E SER CRIANÇA. O desvelar dos elementos teóricos apontam para diferentes maneiras de pensar o cuidar/cuidado ao Ser criança doente hospitalizada, e levam a um caminho do saber e fazer enfermagem, através do encontro genuíno e pela presença ativa de cuidado.

A Teoria de segmentação face à satisfação do consumidor de serviços bancários: um estudo de caso em um banco de varejo

There is a intensity change within financial services industry: deregulation, technology, joint ventures and, in Brazil, privatization, increase of foreign competitors and fall of industry participating from 31 per cent to 5,4 per cent in Brazilian GDP.In this context financial institutions are working very hard to improve their market share, besides promoting customer retention and creating customer loyalty.In this paper we are presenting the scenario of industry in the 90's, opportunity to use segmentation and relationship strategies used by banks through distribution channels.The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between customer satisfaction and segmentation. To ascertain whether such a link exists, a primary study of 3.378 individuals was conducted in two branches at Rio de Janeiro in March 2001. The results suggest that there is little relationship between customer satisfaction and segmentation, besides other qualitative findings.

Medindo valor em comunidades de prática: caso multicurso

Communities of Practice are groups of people who share a concern, problem or passion about a topic, and who deepen their knowledge and expertise by interacting regularly. It¿s use as a tool for planning and implementation of programs for continuous training of teachers in Brazil is not widespread, but used occasionally. This dissertation seeks to demonstrate the use of the communities of practice theory in continuous teachers training in the Brazilian reality. It presents some models of continuous formation currently in process in Brazil, points to the principles of knowledge management taken by this work, presents the communities of practice theory and the criticism of this in its theoretical part. For the case study was used the methodology described by Robert Yin (2005) of single case study to examine the Multicurso, program to continuously train math teachers in the state of Goiás, Brazil. The community of practice formed in this program was examined on its form, as to the cultivation of communities of practice, as to the development and about the challenges of geographical distribution. Going beyond, this work has as its main objective to propose a methodology for measuring the value of communities of practice from the case studied, without the intention to make generalizations about the measurement of value in projects of various kinds. The model proposed indicators separated into two categories, the outcome and impact, to facilitate the measurement of value and prevent that communities of practice are to be criticized or super estimated by assignment of value to those without the unequivocal proof of unique causality at the same time it searchs to attest that the contribution of communities of practice in improvements in the systems in which the CoP are in.

A utilização da teoria de opções reais na determinação do valor econômico de investimentos em empresas e projetos

Este trabalho objetivou estudar o modelo de avaliação de empresas e projetos fundamentado na Teoria de Opções Reais. Foi demonstrado que, dado a existência de incertezas sobre os acontecimentos futuros e a possibilidade de os investidores modificarem suas decisões no decorrer do tempo, os modelos tradicionais de avaliação erram, pois desconsideram as modificações que a taxa de desconto utilizada sofre em função de uma decisão tomada sobre uma opção qualquer existente. Por outro lado, com a utilização da Teoria de Opções Reais é possível identificar estas opções e avaliá-las de forma correta. Apresentou-se um exemplo em que determinado investimento foi avaliado pelo modelo de Desconto dos Fluxos de Caixa e pela Teoria de Opções Reais, o qual demonstrou que os modelos tradicionais erram ao não considerar e valorar as opções reais existentes, confirmando desta forma a proposição inicial do trabalho.

Análise da regulação contábil: um ensaio à luz da teoria tridimensional do direito, da teoria normativa da contabilidade e do gerenciamento da informação contábil, numa perspectiva interdisciplinar

The choice of accounting standards capable of defining the recognition, measurement and publicizing of financial and economic information to the general public constitutes one of the accounting community¿s greatest challenges. So, the analysis of the Fundamental Principles of Accounting and of the Conceptual Structure of Accounting becomes relevant because of its direct relation to the normative process and because it represents the essence of doctrines and theories relating to the Science of Accounting. Each country¿s set of rules diverges when it comes to creating and evidencing Accounting Statements, and that¿s why the harmonization of the International Accounting Rules is becoming more important among accountants: as an answer to the world qualitative and quantitative demand for information. When managers, answering a great variety of incentives, manipulate or manage the disclosure of accounting information, they show that the management of accounting information begins to represent a purposeful intervention in the process of elaboration of financial and economic statements with the intention of obtaining some private benefit. In this context, Accounting Regulation performs an important function in the technical procedure of professionals in the area and in the development of practices convergent with international standards, which, in their turn, are already in force. The present study, which is exploratory and non-experimental, aims at presenting and analyzing the process of accounting regulation under the perspective of rules and of the choice of accounting practices as an answer by regulated entities on a tridimensional perspective. The establishment of interaction among diverse fields, through interdisciplinarity, aims at bridging the gap between the fields of law and accounting by articulating concepts and cognitive schemes in a process of mutual enrichment. The research concludes that it is possible to apply concepts from Miguel Reale¿s Tridimensional Theory of Law in the study of accounting regulation.

Trajetórias De Acumulação De Capacidades Inovadoras, Mecanismos De Aprendizagem E Fatores Organizacionais Relativos A Atividades Em Gestão De Projetos: Estudo De Caso Comparativo Inter-Empresarial Na Indústria De Bens De Capital E De Celulose E Papel No Brasil

Over the last 40 years there has been a profusion of studies about the ccumulation of technological capacities in firms from developing economies. However, there remain few studies that examine, on a combined basis, the relationship among: the trajectories of technological capacities accumulation; the underlying learning mechanisms; and, the implications of organizational factors for these two variables. Still scarcer are the studies that examine the relationship among these variables along time and based on a comparative case study. This dissertation examines the relationship among the trajectory of accumulation of innovative capacities in complex project management, the learning mechanisms underlying these technological capacities and the intra-organizational factors that influence these learning echanisms. That set of relationships is examined through a comparative and a long-term (1988-2008) case study in a capital goods firm (for the pulp and paper industry) and a pulp mill in Brazil. Based on first-hand quantitative and qualitative empiric evidence, gathered through extensive field research, this dissertation found: 1. Both firms accumulated innovative capacity in project management at the international frontier level (Level 6). However, there was variability between the firms in terms of the nature and speed of accumulation of those capacities. It was also observed that, at this level of innovation, the innovative capacities of both firms are not confined to their organizational boundaries, but they are distributed beyond their boundaries. 2. So that these companies could accumulate those levels of innovative capacities it was necessary to manage several learning mechanisms: leveraging of external knowledge and its internalization in terms of internal apacities of the firm. In other words, as the companies accumulated more innovative levels of capacities for project management, it was necessary to manage different cycles of technological learning. 3. Further, the relationship between the ccumulation of technological capacities and learning was affected positively by intra-organizational factors, such as 'authority disposition', 'mutability of work roles' and 'intensity of internal crises', and negatively by the factor 'singularity of goals'. This dissertation revealed divergent results between firms in two of the four factors studied. These results contribute to advance our understanding of the complexity and variability involved in the process of accumulation of innovative capacities in firms from developing economies. This highlights the growing importance of the organizational and the human resource dimensions of innovation and technological capacity as the company approaches the international frontier. The results suggest to managers that: (i) the good performance in project management in the two firms studied did not occur simply as a result of the pulp and paper Brazilian industry growth, rather as a result of the deliberate construction and accumulation of the capacities through an intensive and coordinated cyclical process of technological learning, (ii) to develop innovative capabilities in project management, besides looking for learning mechanisms they should also look at the organizational factors that influence the learning mechanisms directly, (iii) performance of pulp mill¿s projects is better when projects are implemented together with technology suppliers than when performed only by the mill. This dissertation concludes that capital goods firms have been having a fundamental role for the innovative capabilities accumulation in project management of pulp mills in Brazil (and vice-versa) for a long time. This contradicts some authors' propositions that affirm that: a) equipment suppliers for the pulp and paper industry have been creating little, if any, development of processes or engineering projects in Brazil; b) firms in the pulp and paper industry have little capacity for machinery and equipments projects only taking place in few technological activities, being internal or external to the firm. Finally, some studies are proposed for future research.

Universidade corporativa: uma reflexão sobre a aprendizagem organizacional e o seu valor para o indivíduo

One of principal goals of this work was to investigate the reasons for the growth of Corporate University in Brazil, therefore, it is concluded that the capacitation is geared towards the improvement of the performance of the organization¿s business; the dissemination of common values in the organization includes customers, suppliers and society; The investment in the trademark of the company uses the network of people committed to the organization; and the development of the innovation¿s culture and the growth within the organization. The other main objective of this study was to identify the perception of the official in relation to the University Petrobras in training and development of the individual and its consequent increase in value. For this, 5 testimonies were collected and a field research was made with the application of a closed questionnaire considering a sample of 43 respondents, which are allocated among the states of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo. The research shows that 88 % of the respondents approve the conduction of teaching/learning and consequent enhancement of human potential, in line with the strategic goals of the Company, promoted by Petrobrás Corporate University. Finally, it is concluded that the Corporative University is an institution of education and training of companies that provide several learning alternatives, aligned to organizational strategies, to promote the development not only of their staff, but also of other members of the value chain of the company, as customers, suppliers and partners.

Análise dos impactos da tecnologia da informação nas organizações - um ensaio à luz da teoria da agência e da teoria dos custos de transação

À medida que as Organizações desenvolveram a sua habilidade em implementar sistemas de Tecnologia da Informação o foco da análise de sua implementação mudou da Tecnologia da Informação voltada para otimização da produção para a compreensão dos efeitos desta nos indivíduos, Organizações e sistemas econômicos. Através deste estudo busca-se uma nova análise dos efeitos da Tecnologia da Informação nos indivíduos, no ambiente, nas relações internas e externas às Organizações através da análise, à luz da Teoria dos Custos de Transação e Teoria da Agência, aborda-se como esses efeitos resultam em modificações em diversos atributos da Firma. Este trabalho traz como contribuição à área apresentar o estudo do impacto na Tecnologia da Informação nas Organizações utilizando a Teoria da Agência aplicada à modelagem de Galbraith (1977) para análise dos impactos internos a Firma e Teoria dos Custos de Transação aplicada à modelagem de Straub e Watson (2000) para análise dos impactos externos a mesma. A análise dos impactos de TI sob a ótica deste dois modelos constitui trabalho inédito na literatura científica especializada ao tema.

Processos de aprendizagem e acumulação de competências tecnológicas na indústria de injeção plástica: o caso da Multibrás da Amazônia S.A.

This resume focus the connection between the learning process and the technological competences evolution. It is based on business case of a plastic injection company named Multibras da Amazonia S/A, that manufacture plastic parts to electro- electronic industry assemblers, the study used the company evolution from 1983 to 2000. Its conclusion allowed to demonstrate, how the theories developed by Figueiredo (2001) can be used to describe the technological competences and the learning process, and on it's scale from 1 to 6 the Multibras case has reached the level 5. Based on the business case, the study confirmed how the technological competences learning process and accumulation is linked to an organizational knowledge. Using the theory basis, but applied to an industry case, different from all the previous studies, this resume shows that it's necessary to have a continuous, organized and integrated effort to generate and develop the knowledge evolution inside the company to make possible the technological competences accumulation on a fast and effective track.

Acumulação de competências tecnológicas e os processos subjacentes de aprendizagem na indústria Mmtal - mecânica : o caso da empresa AGCO comércio e indústria LTDA em Santa Rosa - RS

This dissertation enfoca the relationship between technological competences accumulation and the learning underlying processes. This relationship is examined in the company AGCO Comércio and Indústria Ltda, during the period of 1970 to 2000. It is of a company metal-mechanics, agricultural machines manufacturer. In other words, the dissertation examines the processes technological learning implications for aA technological competences accumulation in the company in study. The dissertation enfoca the competences accumulation for three technological functions: processes and organization, products and equipments. The learning processes are examined to the light of four characteristic: variety, intensity, operation and interaction, from the structure existing analysis use in the literature. Based on study of individual case, this study found that the technological competences ways to accumulation in the studied company are associates to the several processes used to acquire technological knowledge and converts him in organizacional. Ademais, the simple incidence of these processes in the company didn't guarantee in the company a positive implication for the technological competences accumulation. The company accumulated level middleman-superior technological competence (level 6) to accomplish production and function products function processes and organization activities, and intermediary level (level 5) to accomplish function equipments activities. In haves to characteristic key, the learning processes introduce an oscillation differentiated along time: the variety oscillated of moderated the several; the intensity of intermittent the continuous; the operation of bad the good; and the interaction of weak the strong. Through the existing structure use in the literature, however applied to a previous studies different industry, this dissertation suggests that must there be an organized , continuous effort and integrated for the knowledge generation and sowing in every company in order to the technological training accumulation be accelerated in the company.

A estrutura subcognitiva da visão estratégica : um experimento psicológico sobre a natureza dos Chunks

How strategical decisions are taken? The present work consists of a psychological experiment that it aims to search the knowledge about the subcognitive structure of strategical vision of deeper form, investigating its interaction with the cognitives processes of human beings ¿ perception, memory, and learning. We also argue the nature of chunks (pieces or units), that, in opposition to the current theories, we consider to be provided with essence or meanings in detriment of the appearance or superficial features. In this way, we choose as domain for our experiment the chess game, because its dealing with lesser complexity of the one that decisions in the politics or industry. Thus, we shows the importance that the perception of the abstract roles playing in specific chess position, leading to a strategical vision of this. Moreover, after the experiment, was verified that the expert chess players are capable to perceive distinct positions in the appearance as being similar strategically", while that the beginners had gotten greater difficulty. Finally, we present part of an emergent theory that claims that the human being cognition is nothing more than the abstract perception, as well as the replication of this theory in other domains, for example in the management and the real world."

Acumulação de competências tecnológicas e os processos subjacentes de aprendizagem na indústria de bens de capital: O caso KVAERNER PULPING no Brasil

This dissertation is concerned with the implications of the learning processes for the technological capability accumulation at the firm level. This relationship was examined in Kvaerner Pulping over the period from 1980 to 2000. The firm is located in Curitiba/PR and supplies equipment and complete plants (capital goods) for pulp mills. In other words, based on an individual case study, this dissertation examines how the learning processes influence the building and accumulation of technological capability. The accumulation of technological capabilities is crucial for the survival and the competitive performance of the firms. An analytical framework already available in the literature was used to describe the paths (way and speed) of technological capability accumulation in the firm studied. However, the framework was adapted specifically for the capital goods industry for the pulp & paper sector. The paths of technological capability accumulation are analysed for three different technological functions: ¿engineering activities and project management¿, ¿operational processes and practices¿ and ¿process equipment¿. The learning mechanisms were examined in the light of four key features: variety, intensity, functioning and interaction. During the 1980s and 1990s the firm accumulated different levels of technological capability in the technological functions studied. It was only when the firm started to coordinate systematically the efforts to acquire and convert the knowledge from the individual to the organizational level, at the mid 1990s, that the accumulation of technological capability was accelerated. By the end of this decade the firm was able to accumulate innovative capabilities in all the functions analysed. Similarly to previous studies that investigated other types of firms, the conclusion of this dissertation suggests that the way and rate by which the firm accumulates technological capability can be explained by the learning process and its key features over time.

Acumulação de competências tecnológicas e os processos subjacentes de aprendizagem na indústria eletrônica de consumo : o caso da SHARP do Brasil S/A

Esta dissertação estuda o relacionamento entre a acumulação de competências tecnológicas e os processos subjacentes de aprendizagem. O estudo desse relacionamento foi examinado na fábrica de eletrônica de consumo Sharp do Brasil S/A, situada na cidade de Manaus, durante o período de 1972 a 2000. A acumulação e sustentação de competências tecnológicas são desenvolvidas através de processos de aprendizagem nas organizações. Os processos de aprendizagem estão relacionados diretamente à taxa de acumulação de competências tecnológicas das organizações. A dissertação, utilizando a estrutura de análise existente na literatura, examina os processos de aprendizagem à luz de quatro características: variedade, intensidade, funcionamento e interação. A acumulação de competências é analisada a partir de duas funções tecnológicas: processo/organização e produtos. Ao longo do periodo analisado, a empresa acumulou diferentes níveis de competências tecnológicas e com velocidades variadas nas funções estudadas. Na década de 80, a empresa através de uma melhor coordenação de esforços, passou a adquirir e converter conhecimentos individuais em conhecimentos organizacionais, acelerando o crescimento da taxa de competências tecnológicas acumuladas. Ainda no final da década 80, a empresa foi capaz de acumular competências inovadoras nas duas funções estudadas. A acumulação de competências tecnológicas é um aspecto importante a competitividades e sobrevivência das organizações. No entanto, somente a acumulação de competências tecnológicas não garante o bom desempenho e a sobrevivência da organização. A empresa estudada, apesar da acumulação de elevados níveis de competências tecnológicas ao longo do periodo, enfrenta uma grande crise financeira. A conclusão desta dissertação sugere que a taxa de acumulação de competências tecnológicas pode ser explicada pela capacidade da empresa em socializar e codificar a aprendizagem individual, adquiridas por processos externos e internos de aprendizagem aplicados de forma contínua e organizada, convertendo em aprendizagem organizacional.

Comportamento dos processos intra-organizacionais de aprendizagem tecnológica frente a uma mudança de estrutura de propriedade: o caso da TermoMacaé - PETROBRÁS

This academic work describes the interfirm technological learning processes behavior at a thermo plant throughout the years 2001 till 2007. Its former ownership structure was composed by two foreigners companies. This structure was changed by the acquisition of the company control by a Brazilian state owned company on April 2006. The company is a Natural Gas Fired Power Plant placed at Macaé City, at Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil generating electric power right to National Integrated System (SIN). The goal of this research is verify how the technological knowledge had been acquired by the firm and how it had been spread out throughout the organization before and after the change of the ownership structure. The taxonomy applied to determining of ownership structure take in account three parameters: type, specific characteristic and the ownership structure itself. Technological Learning Interfirm Processes have been examined from a model of systemic approach that establishes four key characteristics: ¿variety, intensity, functioning and interaction¿. During 2001 until 2006, till the change of owner structure, the firm developed its own learning processes in its own operational routines. The main learning processes have been identified from empirical evidences. It has been adopted the cut line at year of 2006 for the comparison among the technological learning processes behavior, when the change of ownership structure took place. The data capture occurred within April and August 2007 covering since 2001. Verified the behavior of these learning processes before and after the ownership structure changed from private property to state owned property. The conclusion of this case study suggests that interfirm processes of technological learning identified by the research had their dynamical behavior promptly affected by a change from private to ownerstate ownership structure, exposing the company to a poor performance in its industry, due to the lack of 51% of the technological intrafirm learning processes and reduction of the acquisition of new technical knowledge and its conversion throughout the organization.