The Spanish corporate structure through interlocking directorates

[EN] The aim of this paper is to determine to what extent globalization pressures are changing interlocking directorate networks modeled on continental capitalism into Anglo-Saxon models. For this purpose we analyse the Spanish network of interlocks, comparing the present structure (2012) with that of 1993 and 2006. We show how, although Spanish corporative structure continues to display characteristics of the continental economies, some major banks are significantly reducing industrial activity. Nevertheless, the financial organizations continue to maintain a close relationship with sectors such as construction and services. The analysis of the network of directorates shows a retreat in activity of industrial banking in Spain. Two large Spanish financial institutions, BSCH and La Caixa, continue to undertake activities of industrial banking in 2006, but this activity is significantly reduced in 2012. According to the theories on the role of the interlocking directorates, the companies in these sectors assure their access to banking credit by incorporating advisors from financial organizations to their board of directors. We cannot conclude that the structure of the Spanish corporate network has become a new case of Anglo-Saxon structure, but we got indications that are becoming less hierarchic as banks seem to slowly abandon centrality positions. This is especially salient if we compare the networks of 2006 and 2012, which show a continuing decrease of the role of banks and insurance companies in the network.

Humanism after the Spanish Civil War: Gernika (1945-53), a Humanities and Social Sciencesbasque magazine

Espainiako Gerra Zibilaren eta II. Mundu Gerrarren ostean Gerra Hotza heldu zen. Testuinguru larri horretan humanismoan ikusi zuten hainbatek zibilizazio-krisiari irtenbidea topatzeko bidea. Gernika aldizkariak (1945-53) bere burua humanistatzat zeukan. Bertako idazleek gai horren inguruan zer adierazi zuten jasotzen saiatu gara, euskarazko zein erdarazko artikuluetan agertzen diren iritziak sailkatuz.

Analysis of Body Composition and Food Habits of Spanish Celiac Women

The purpose of the present work was both to analyze composition of Spanish celiac women and to study the food habits and gluten-free diet of these celiac patients, in order to determine whether they achieve a balanced and healthy diet as well as to highlight nutritional qualitative and/or quantitative differences. 54 adult celiac women (34 +/- 13 years) took part in the six-month study. Height, weight and body composition were measured. An analysis of energy consumption and of the macronutrient distribution of their diet was carried out. Their fulfillment of micronutrient intake recommendations was verified. Participants showed a Body Mass Index of 21.6 +/- 2.4 kg/m(2). Energy Intake was slightly lower than the Dietary Reference Intakes. Excessive protein apart from over-consumption of fat was observed. More than three quarters of participants consumed meat in excess. Carbohydrate consumption along with that of fiber was below recommended levels. Vitamin D, iron, and iodine had a low percentage of recommendation compliance. In general, participants followed the recommendations of dairy products and fruit intake whereas vegetable consumption was not enough for the vast majority. We conclude that although the diet of celiac women does not differ much from the diet of general population, some considerations, such as reducing fat and protein consumption and increasing fiber intake, must be taken into account.

Plan de marketing para el hotel López de Haro

El objeto del presente Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG) es realizar un Plan de Marketing para el Hotel López de Haro de 5 estrellas, perteneciente a la cadena Ercilla y ubicado en Bilbao. Para ello, se ha analizado tanto el entorno interno como el externo, detectándose una serie de fortalezas entre las que destaca el excelente trato personal que ofrecen los empleados a sus huéspedes y que es un factor clave sobre el que cimentar su futuro. Asimismo, se han detectado debilidades, oportunidades y amenazas sobre las que hay que trabajar. Con ese diagnóstico y con una orientación al cliente se han definido objetivos de marketing alcanzables y que permitieran, mediante diferentes estrategias y acciones satisfacer las necesidades de la clientela. En este sentido, se han investigado también las tendencias del mercado y, teniendo en cuenta estas y la realidad del hotel, se ha aportado una visión externa que les permita mejorar el funcionamiento del hotel.

The Spanish Pension System: Overview and Long-Term Projections

In the middle of the so-called pension crisis, the ageing of population and the sharp decrease in affiliations to Social Security are threatening the well-functioning of the Spanish public pension system. The purpose of this paper is to present the main challenges to be faced by the Spanish pension system, as well as to shed light on the main determinants that will condition the evolution of pension expenditure over GDP along the following decades. This quantitative analysis, which considers the 2011 and 2013 pension reforms, uses the latest data on the Spanish demographic, labor market and institutional factors in order to project the evolution of the system from the expenditure side up to 2060. For the purpose of analyzing the dynamics and the underlying drivers of pension expenditure, the so-called aggregate accounting approach will be utilized. The alternative scenarios proposed allow for exploring the robustness of the results within the baseline scenario, which constitutes the reference point of projections in the exercise. The analysis concludes that, by the end of the projected period, Spain will count on a similar public pension expenditure ratio as the current one.

Análisis de la viabilidad de un proyecto empresarial: el caso de un hotel en Donostia-San Sebastián

En la actualidad, el éxito de los establecimientos hoteleros está influido por numerosos factores que hacen del hotel un negocio difícil de gestionar. Nos encontramos en un sector, el turístico, en el que la demanda aumenta año tras año en San Sebastián y el principal inconveniente es la competencia del sector. Una competencia feroz. Nos enfrentamos ante una estructura de empresa muy costosa y difícil de gestionar en la que el capital humano es el activo más importante. El valor añadido es una de las ventajas competitivas más destacadas de este negocio y la calidad de los servicios prestados es la clave del éxito. El objetivo del presente trabajo de fin de grado, se centra en analizar la situación por la que atraviesa el sector turístico en la capital guipuzcoana, y conocer y examinar la gestión diaria de un establecimiento hotelero para realizar una previsión fiable. Básicamente, se trata de estudiar la viabilidad de un nuevo hotel boutique en el casco histórico de San Sebastián.

The acquisition of Tense and Aspect in Spanish

280 p.

Washington Irving traducido: Cuentos de la Alhambra

Antonio Garnica Silva; María Losada Friend; Eloy Navarro Domínguez (eds)

The acquisition of gender agreement in L3 English by Basque/Spanish bilinguals

211 p.