An Agent-Based Approach to Real-Time Patient Identification for Clinical Trials

Patient recruitment for clinical trials is expensive and has been a significant challenge, with many trials not achieving their recruitment goals. One method that shows promise for improving recruitment is the use of interactive prompts that inform practitioners of patient eligibility for clinical trials during consultation. This paper presents the ePCRN-IDEA recruitment system, which utilises an agent-based infrastructure to enable real-time recruitment of patients. In essence, whenever patients enter a clinic, the system compares their details against eligibility criteria, which define the requirements of active clinical trials. If a patient is found to be eligible, a prompt is raised to notify the user. In this way, it becomes possible for recruitment to take place quickly in a cost effective manner, whilst maintaining patient trust through the involvement of their own health care practitioner.

A educação no meio rural de Barreiro-Ijuí-RS

O tema central versa sobre a educação existente no meio rural de Barreiro. Barreiro é uma pequena comunidade que se encontra no interior do município de Ijuí, ao Nordeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A população dedica-se às atividades agrícolas. Como qualquer aglomerado humano, Barreiro tem sua história. História de desenvolvimento, de processos de trabalho, de tradições culrurais e de formas de educação. Partindo do pressuposto de que a inovação tecnológica atua, não somente sobre as relações técnicas do homem com a natureza , mas também sobre as instituições e estruturas sociais, procurou-se evidenciar a influência da modernização da agricultura sobre a educação e as mudanças ocorridas em relação às tradições. Para isso, partiu-se da descrição da forma de ocupaçao da terra. Seguiu-se com um apanhado sobre as fases evolutivas do processo de trabalho, ou seja, das sucessivas inovações tecnológicas . Procurou-se mostrar os vínculos entre as formas de trabalho e as consequentes mudanças aparadas nas tradições familiares, religiosas, educacionais e no relacionamento entre os participantes do grupo social. Teve-se em mente observar e analisar a influência de organismos estranhos ao grupo, como a Cooperativa "COTRIJUÍ", os financiamentos bancários e a ação do "Movimento Comunitário de Base" , mantido pela Fundação de Ensino Superior de Ijuí, enquanto forças induzidas de fora , para provocar mudanças nos processos de produção agrícola e de mentalidade. No centro das discussões enoontra-se a suposição de que as formas de educação extra-escolar, tradicionais, e de que a Educação escolar, não são inovadoras por si próprias. A educação em geral está sujeita às mudanças e introdução de nova tecnologia do processo produtivo, mais do que a prospecção que a educação passa projetar por sua força intrínseca e própria. Para tal demonstração , procurou-se examinar a evolução da escola de Barreiro e verificar em que medida a inovaçao do currículo e da atuação pedagógica esteve e está condicionada às transformações do processo produtivo, sobretudo, de atual modernização da agricultura. Contudo, deve-se observar que a Lei 5692 do Ensino Fundamental, fez concretizar a modernização do ensino que o desenvolvimento tecnológico estava exigindo.

Descentralização administrativa: o caso da coordenação regional de polícia técnica do planalto - BA

O Departamento de Polícia Técnica (DPT) é um órgão da Secretaria de Segurança Pública do Estado da Bahia (SSP/BA), que tem por finalidade gerir os serviços no campo da polícia-técnica-científica, promovendo estudos e realizando exames e outros procedimentos, visando à prova pericial. Possui diversas coordenadorias regionais que recebem suporte das seis coordenações regionais distribuídas pelo interior do Estado. Tais coordenações foram criadas para atender a uma demanda crescente pelos trabalhos periciais ao longo do processo de interiorização da Polícia Técnica pelos municípios baianos. O objetivo do estudo exploratório aqui relatado foi descrever a maneira como o processo de descentralização administrativa se efetivou na Coordenação Regional de Polícia Técnica do Planalto-BA. Para isso, foram adotados os procedimentos de uma pesquisa bibliográfica a fim de aprofundar as definições dos diversos conceitos de centralização, descentralização, concentração e desconcentração, de modo a possibilitar a análise dos principais aspectos e a relevância da descentralização administrativa para a administração pública. Por meio de observação sistemática, foi delineada uma descrição do funcionamento da Coordenação Regional do Planalto-BA e foram empregadas técnicas de entrevista semiestruturada e de aplicação de questionário estruturado fechado para ouvir os dirigentes das coordenadorias vinculadas à Coordenação Regional do Planalto, entre os quais o seu coordenador e as diretorias do DPT. Foram também ouvidos os peritos que laboram nas coordenadorias envolvidas, para colher dados que possibilitaram identificar, dentre as atividades administrativas realizadas pela coordenação, aquelas que apresentam as características da descentralização. Ao final do estudo foi possível concluir que o DPT ainda não alcançou a descentralização que vem almejando desde 2004, processo que iniciou com a interiorização das Coordenadorias Regionais. A pesquisa de campo revelou carências de ordens diversas que resultam em trabalhos incompletos, ineficientes e sem a celeridade que a justiça necessita. Tudo isso aponta para a urgência na elaboração de um estudo aprofundado que tenha como resultado uma proposta de padronização procedimentais e estruturais que tornem efetiva a descentralização do DPT.

Parâmetros genéticos para idade ao primeiro parto estimados por diferentes modelos para rebanhos da raça Nelore

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Associations of FASN gene polymorphisms with economical traits in Nellore cattle (Bos primigenius indicus)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Parturition intervals and distributions of parturitions by months of buffalo in Southern and South-eastern Brazil

Reproductive rate is an important component of economic success in livestock production. Parturition interval (IEP) is a direct measure of the productivity of the animal. Long IEP reduce the number of calves produced per year. The objective this study was to determine the distribution of parturitions across month and to evaluate factors affecting IEP. The data included 7,588 parturitions of Murrah, Mediterranean and Carabobo buffalo from 10 herds in Southern and South-eastern Brazil. The analysis of distribution of parturitions evaluated the effects of month, year and their interaction on birth date of calves by using a Chi-Square test in SAS PROC FREQ (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). Parturition intervals (n = 2,630) were evaluated using analysis of variance in SAS PROC GLM. The model for IEP included the fixed effects of season (December to May = 1, June to November = 2), year, season x year, sex of the preceding parturition, age of weaning of the previous calf, and herd. All sources of variation were significant (P<0.0001) except sex of the preceding parturition (P <0.85). The mean IEP was 446.7 +/- 10.4 days, for seasons 1 and 2 IEP were 419.8 +/- 11.3 and 473.6 +/- 40.7 days, respectively, a difference of 54 days. As weaning age increased there was a lengthening of IEP. Buffalo in Brazil showed seasonal parturition with calving concentrated from January to April, although the frequency by month differed across years (P<0.0001). These months also had the lowest calving interval.

Evaluation of water beef buffalo from birth to two years using different growth curves

The buffalo is a domestic animal species of growing world-wide importance. Research to improve genetic improvement programs is important to maintain the productivity of buffalo. The objective this research was to evaluate the growth of Brazilian buffalo to two years of age with different growth curves. Growth curves consolidate the information contained in the weight-age data into three or four biologically meaningful parameters. The data included 31,452 weights at birth and 120, 205, 365, 550 and 730 days of buffalo (n = 5,178) raised on pasture without supplementation. Logistic, Gompertz, quadratic logarithmic, and linear hyperbolic curves (designated L, G, QL, and LH, respectively) were fitted to the data by using proc NUN of SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The parameters estimates for L [WT= A * (((1 + exp (-k * AGE)))**-m)] were A = 865.1 +/- 5.42; k= 0.0028 +/- 0.00002; M= 3.808 +/- 0.007; R(2) = 0.95. For G [WT= A * exp (-b * exp (-k * age)] the parameters estimates were A= 967.6 +/- 7.23; k = 0.00217 +/- 0.000015; b = -2.8152 +/- 0.00532. For QL [WT= A + b*age + k*(age*age) + m*log (age)] parameters estimates were A= 37.41 +/- 0.48; k= 0.00019 +/- 6.4E(-6); b= 0.539 +/- 0.006; m= 2.32 +/- 0.23; R(2)=0.96. For LH [WT= A + b*AGE + k*(1/AGE)] the parameters estimates were A= 23.15 +/- 0.44; k=15.16 +/- 0.66; b= 0.707 +/- 0.001; R(2)= 0.96. Each of these curves fit these data equally well and could be used for characterizing growth to two years in beef buffalo.

Evaluation of development traits of beef buffalo in Brazil using multivariate analysis

The buffalo population in Brazil increased about 12.9% between 1998 and 2003, to 2.8 million head, evidencing the importance of this species for the country. The objective this work was evaluation of animal growth using multivariate analysis. The data were from 2,944 water buffalo from 10 herds raised in pasture conditions in Brazil. Principal components and genetic distances were estimated using proc PRINCOMP and proc CANDISC in SAS (SAS Inst. Inc. Cary, NC, USA). Variables analyzed were birth weight (BW), age at weaning (AW), weaning weight (WT), weight adjusted to 205 d (W205), total gain between BW and WT (TG), daily gain between BW and WT (DG), weight adjusted to 365 d (W365), total gain between WT and W365 (TG3), daily gain between WT and W365 (TGD3), weight adjusted to 550 d (W550) and weight adjusted to 730 d (W730). Means and standard deviations for each variable were 39.4 +/- 3.2 kg, 225.6 +/- 38.8 d, 209.4 +/- 39.4 kg, 195.4 +/- 30.2 kg, 157.4 +/- 32.0 kg, 0.77 +/- 0.16 kg/d, 282.0 +/- 43.5 kg, 73.9 +/- 33.9 kg, 0.53 +/- 0.21 kg/d, 406.8 +/- 67.9 kg, and 468.2 +/- 70.6 kg, respectively. The eigenvalues to four first principal components were 5.29, 2.54, 1.66, 1.01, and justify 48%, 23%, 15% and 9%, respectively, with a total cumulative 95%. We created an index using the first principal component which is Y. 0.0552 BW + 0.0438 AW + 0.3142 WT + 0.3549 W205 + 0.3426 TG + 0.3426 DG + 0.4070 W365- 0.1531 TG3 - 0.2059 TGD3 - 0.3833 W550 - 0.3966 W730. This index accounted for 48% the variation in the correlation matrix. This principal component emphasizes early growth of the animal. Estimates the pair-wise squared distances between herds, D2(i vertical bar j)= ((x) over bar (i)-(x) over bar (j))' cov(-1)((x) over bar (i)-(x) over bar (j)), using with basis the average of weight of animals, showed the largest distance between herds eight (Murrah: DF) and seven (Murrah: Amazon) and the closest distance between herds one (Mediterranean - RS) and five (Jafarabadi - SP).

Molecular characterization and relatedness of Haematobia irritans (horn fly) populations, by RAPD-PCR

Haematobia irritans is a hematophagous parasite of cattle that causes significant economic losses in many parts of the world, including Brazil. In the present work, one American and four Brazilian populations of this species were studied by Random Amplified Polymorpht DNA (RAPD) to assess basically genetic variability within and between populations. Ten different decamer random primers were employed in the genomic DNA amplification, yielding 117 fragments in the five H.. irritans populations. In Drosophila prosaltans, used as an outgroup, 81 fragments were produced. Forty-three of these fragments were shared by both species. Among the H. irritans samples, that from Rio Branco (Acre State, Brazil) produced the smallest numbers of fragments and polymorphic bands. This high genetic homogenity may be ascribed to its geographic origin (in the Northwest of Brazil), which causes high isolation and low gene flow, unlike the other Brazilian populations, from the South Central region, in which cattle trade is very intensive. Marker fragments (exclusive bands) detected in every sample enabled the population origin to be characterized, but they are also potentially useful for further approaches such as the putative origin of Brazilian populations from North America. Similarity indices [Nei & Li, 1979, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76: 5269-5273] and phylogenetic trees, rooted by using the outgroup and produced by the Phylogenetic Analysis using Parsimony (PAUP 4.0-Swofford, 2001) program showed the closest relationships between flies from Sao Jose do Rio Preto and Turiuba (both from São Paulo State, Brazil) while flies from the geographically distant Rio Branco showed the greatest differentiation relative to the others.

Squeezed correlations among particle-antiparticle pairs

The hadronic correlation among particle-antiparticle pairs was highlighted in the late 1990's, culminating with the demonstration that it should exist if the masses of the hadrons were modified in the hot and dense medium formed in high energy heavy ion collisions. They were called Back-to-Back Correlations (BBC) of particle-antiparticle pairs, also known as squeezed correlations. However, even though they are well-established theoretically, such hadronic correlations have not yet been experimentally discovered. Expecting to compel the experimentalists to search for this effect, we suggest here a clear way to look for the BBC signal, by constructing the squeezed correlation function of phi phi and K(+)K(-) pairs at RHIC energies, plotted in terms of the average momentum of the pair, K(12)=1/2(k(1) + k(2)), inspired by procedures adopted in Hanbury-Brown & Twiss (HBT) correlations.

On codimensions k immersions of m-manifolds for k=1 and k=m-2

Let us consider M a closed smooth connected m-manifold, N a smooth ( 2m-2)-manifold and f: M -> N a continuous map, with m equivalent to 1( 4). We prove that if f*: H(1)(M; Z(2)) -> H(1)(f(M); Z(2)) is injective, then f is homotopic to an immersion. Also we give conditions to a map between manifolds of codimension one to be homotopic to an immersion. This work complements some results of Biasi et al. (Manu. Math. 104, 97-110, 2001; Koschorke in The singularity method and immersions of m-manifolds into manifolds of dimensions 2m-2, 2m-3 and 2m-4. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 1350. Springer, Heidelberg, 1988; Li and Li in Math. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 112, 281-285, 1992).