Alvará, porque V. Magestade he servido declarar o parágrafo dezoito da Instituição da Companhia Geral do Grão Pará, e Maranhão : na forma, que nelle se contém : para V. Magestade ver : Filippe Joseph da Gama o fez

Ao alto do título: Sebastião Joseph de Carvalho e Mello.

Alvará com força de Lei, por que V. Magestade ha por bem estabelecer, que da publicação delle em diante, os Administradores, Feitores, e Caixeiros, ou quaesquer outras pessoas, que servirem a Companhia Geral do Grão Pará, e Maranhão em qualquer dos Portos do Ultramar, não possão per si, ou por interpostas pessoas directa, ou indirectamente fazer commercio algum particular, ou interessar-se com as pessoas, que o fizerem, em quanto forem pagos, ou constituidos para o manejo do commercio geral da dita Companhia : tudo na forma assima declarada : para Vossa Magestade ver : José Thomás de Sá o fez

Ao alto do título: Sebastião Joseph de Carvalho e Mello.

Collecção dos breves pontificios, e leys regias, que forão expedidos, e publicadas desde o anno de 1741, sobre a liberdade das pessoas, bens, e commercio dos indios do Brasil : dos excessos que naquelle Estado obraram os regulares da companhia denominada de Jesu; das reprezentaçoens que Sua Magestade Fidelissima fez à Santa Séde Apostolica, sobre esta materia até a expedição do breve que ordenou a reforma dos sobreditos regulares

Brasil. [Leis etc]

Alvará com força de Ley, porque V. Magestade he servido ordenar, que todo Official, que constar haver constrangido, ou sugerido as pessoas, que se apresentarem nas Casas de Fundição com ouro, para nellas se fundir, que o manifestem em nome diverso, do ue ellas voluntariamente quizerem declarar, perca o valor do officio, que servir, e fique desde logo suspenso, sendo executores da suspensão os Governadores das respectivas Capitanias, na fôrma que acima se declara : para Vossa Magestade ver

Ao alto do título : Thomé Joaquim da Costa Corte-Real.

Alvará com força de Ley, por que Vossa Magestade ha por bem declarar o paragrafo primeiro do capitulo sexto da Ley de tres de dezembro de mil setecentos e sincoenta, que abomina a capitação das Minas Geraes, excitando, e restabelecendo no lugar della o Direito Senhorial dos Quintos, na forma assima declarada : para Vossa Magestade ver

Ao alto do título : Thomé Joaquim da Costa Corte Real.

Einfluss von Größen und Fangzeit auf das Fettsäuremuster von Sardellen

Fatty acid composition of fish changes according to season, the catching area, the size, the sexuality, the physiological condition and the quantity of fat. The fatty acid composition was evaluated according to size and the catching season of anchovies Engraulis encrasicolus (L. 1758). It was observed that polyunsaturated fatty acids increasmed to highest level and saturated fatty acids decreased to lowest level in March. On the other hand, in April, it was observed that the saturated fatty acids increased to its highest level, monounsaturated fatty acids decreased to its lowest level.

Composite second-order performance improvement in optical fibre CATV transmission system using chirped fibre grating

Theoretically, we analyse the dispersion compensation characteristics of the chirped fibre grating (CFG) in an optical fibre cable television (CATV) system and obtain the analytic expression of the composite second-order (CSO) distortion using the time-domain form of the field envelope wave equation. The obtained result is in good agreement with the numerical simulation result. Experimentally, we verify the result by making use of the tunable characteristics of CFG to change the dispersion compensation amount and obtain an optimal CSO performance in a 125km fibre transmission link. Both the theoretical and experimental results show that the CSO performance can be improved by properly choosing the dispersion compensation amount for a certain fibre transmission link.

Note sur les baleines échouées en estuaires artificiels en Côte d'Ivoire

Stranded whales in estuarine waters were identified in Côte d'Ivoire: the Spermwhale, Physeter catodon L. 1758 and the Finwhale, Balaenoptera physalus L. 1758.

Review of the crevalle jacks, Caranx hippos complex (Teleostei: Carangidae), with a description of a new species from West Africa

The Caranx hippos species complex comprises three extant species: crevalle jack (Caranx hippos) (Linnaeus, 1766) from both the western and eastern Atlantic oceans; Pacific crevalle jack (Caranx caninus) Günther, 1868 from the eastern Pacific Ocean; and longfin crevalle jack (Caranx fischeri) new species, from the eastern Atlantic, including the Mediterranean Sea and Ascension Island. Adults of all three species are superficially similar with a black blotch on the lower half of the pectoral fin, a black spot on the upper margin of opercle, one or two pairs of enlarged symphyseal canines on the lower jaw, and a similar pattern of breast squamation. Each species has a different pattern of hyperostotic bone development and anal-fin color. The two sympatric eastern Atlantic species also differ from each other in number of dorsal-and anal-fin rays, and in large adults of C. fischeri the lobes of these fins are longer and the body is deeper. Caranx hippos from opposite sides of the Atlantic are virtually indistinguishable externally but differ consistently in the expression of hyperostosis of the first dorsalfin pterygiophore. The fossil species Caranx carangopsis Steindachner 1859 appears to have been based on composite material of Trachurus sp. and a fourth species of the Caranx hippos complex. Patterns of hyperostotic bone development are compared in the nine (of 15 total) species of Caranx sensu stricto that exhibit hyperostosis.

Body shape variation and colour change during growth in a protogynous fish

Protogynous sequential hermaphroditism is very common in marine fish. Despite a large number of studies on various aspects of sequential hermaphroditism in fish, the relationship between body shape and colour during growth in dichromatic species has not been assessed. Using geometric morphometrics, the present study explores the relationship between growth, body shape and colouration in Coris julis (L. 1758), a small protogynous labrid species with distinct colour phases. Results show that body shape change during growth is independent of change in colour phase, a result which can be explained by the biology of the species and by the social control of sex change. Also, during growth the body grows deeper and the head has a steeper profile. It is hypothesized that a deeper body and a steeper profile might have a function in agonistic interactions between terminal phase males and that the marked chromatic difference between colour phases allows the lack of strict interdependence of body shape and colour during growth.

Reproductive seasonality, fecundity, and spawning frequency of tautog (Tautoga onitis) in the lower Chesapeake Bay and coastal waters of Virginia

The tautog, Tautoga onitis (Linnaeus), ranges from Nova Scotia to South Carolina and has become a popular target for recreational and commercial fisheries. Although tautog are a multiple spawning species, reproductive potential, measured as annual fecundity, has not been estimated previously with methods (batch fecundity, spawning frequency) necessary for a species with indeterminate annual fecundity. A total of 960 tautog were collected from the mouth of the Rappahannock River in the lower Chesapeake Bay to 45 km offshore of Virginia’s coastline to investigate tautog reproductive biology in the southern portion of the species range. Tautog did not exhibit a 1:1 sex ratio; 56% were females. Male tautog reached 50% maturity at 218 mm TL, females at 224 mm TL. Tautog spawned from 7 April 1995 to 15 June 1995, at locations from the York River to 45 km offshore. Batch fecundity estimates ranged from 2800 to 181,200 eggs per spawning for female tautog age 3–9, total length 259– 516 mm. Mean batch fecundity ±SEM for female tautog ages 4–6 was 54,243 ±2472 eggs and 106,256 ±3837 eggs for females ages 7–9. Spawning frequency was estimated at 1.2 days, resulting in 58 spawning days per female in 1995. Estimates of potential annual fecundity for tautog ages 3–9 ranged from 160,000 to 10,510,000 eggs.

Two most abundant species of Ulva and Enteromorpha from coast of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

The present paper reports mass occurrence of two algal species Ulva grandis Saifullah and Nizamuddin and Enteromorpha intestinalis (Linnaeus) Link in a protected coastal area in Jeddah, heavily polluted with domestic sewage. They seem to prefer low salinity eutrophic waters for their maximum growth.

Studies on growth and mortality of Cyprinus carpio (Lin.) in floating ponds

Growth and mortality rate of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus) under five different dietary conditions were studied in fifteen floating net cages in ponds of the Bangladesh Agricultural University Campus, Mymensingh. Growth rate was found to vary under different dietary conditions. The feed with mixture of 25% rice bran, 5% wheat bran, 30% linseed oil cake and 40% water hyacinth leaf meal exhibited the highest growth rate. The gain of log of body weight per unit increase of log of total length was significant. Significant survivals of the fishes were found.