Modelos de modernizaci��n para el desarrollismo: el influjo de las propuestas estadounidenses en el Servicio de Extensi��n Agraria (1955-1975)

Con este trabajo nos proponemos estudiar las pol��ticas agrarias del franquismo y particularmente la creaci��n y actuaci��n del Servicio de Extensi��n Agraria (1955) en el contexto de la difusi��n de la Teor��a de la Modernizaci��n. Comenzaremos con una contextualizaci��n de las relaciones culturales entre Espa��a y los EE.UU. y su potencial proyecci��n sobre el ��mbito rural. A continuaci��n, prestaremos atenci��n a la impronta del modelo extensionista norteamericano en la organizaci��n y metodolog��a del Servicio de Extensi��n Agraria. Sin perder de vista la importancia de la escala estatal para la implementaci��n y adaptaci��n de las distintas pol��ticas agrarias, atenderemos al contexto pol��tico e ideol��gico internacional como elemento que permite ampliar la comprensi��n y estudio de dichas pol��ticas. En ese sentido, propondremos finalmente una primera aproximaci��n comparativa al estudio del SEA en relaci��n con diferentes experiencias de extensionismo agrario en Latinoam��rica.

Dial��tica, linguagem e genealogia : sobre o programa da dial��tica negativa de Adorno

Gostaria aqui de formular o programa mais geral, contido na Dial��tica Negativa de Adorno, a partir de algumas perspectivas hist��rico-filos��ficas. Na primeira parte, procuro desenvolver a ideia de que a crítica de Adorno a Hegel, compreendida como um novo enlace entre dial��tica e ontologia, beneficia-se da interpretação proposta por Adorno de temas da filosofia kantiana (1). Em seguida, procuro mostrar como Adorno conecta sua reformula����o da dial��tica a uma compreens��o de linguagem fortemente devedora de estrat��gias geneal��gicas de argumenta����o (2). ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

Viv��ncias em situa����o de emerg��ncia �� v��tima crítica: um estudo com enfermeiros da ambul��ncia de suporte imediato de vida

Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever as viv��ncias dos enfermeiros que exercem fun����es na ambul��ncia de Suporte Imediato de Vida (SIV) em situa����o de emerg��ncia �� v��tima crítica, do Centro Hospitalar M��dio Tejo, tendo sido formulada a seguinte quest��o orientadora: Quais as viv��ncias dos enfermeiros que exercem fun����es na ambul��ncia de SIV, face a uma situa����o de emerg��ncia com uma v��tima crítica?. O estudo caracteriza-se como um estudo descritivo, com base numa abordagem qualitativa. Como instrumento de colheita de dados foi utilizada uma entrevista semiestruturada e realizada a seis enfermeiros. A entrevista compreendeu quest��es relacionadas com o perfil sociodemogr��fico e profissional e de seguida quest��es norteadoras sobre o tema estudado. Estas foram posteriormente transcritas e analisadas atrav��s da interpretação metodol��gica de Colaizzi. Com este estudo foi poss��vel identificar 4 temas principais: as altera����es sentidas pelos enfermeiros, nomeadamente as altera����es f��sicas e psicol��gicas; as dificuldades sentidas pelos enfermeiros, que incluem dificuldades antes de chegar ao local, no pr��prio local e ap��s a ocorr��ncia na gest��o das emo����es e das suas repercuss��es; os ganhos/recompensas dos enfermeiros, que vai desde a satisfa����o profissional, experi��ncia motivadora, desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional; estrat��gias de coping adotadas, em que t��m como objetivo a procura de um equil��brio pessoal. Assim, para que as situa����es de emerg��ncia tenham uma resposta adequada �� importante que a equipa do pr��-hospitalar tenha um manancial de conhecimentos te��ricos e cient��ficos, mas tamb��m equil��brio emocional, pois est�� exposta a um maior sofrimento ps��quico, devido a estar obrigada a tomar decis��es urgentes em situa����es em que as pessoas correm risco de vida.

Jack's Bay (the architecturalisation of memory)

Jack's Bay (the architecturalisation of memory) is a key work of the author's exhibition Lightsite, which toured Western Australian galleries from February 2006 to November 2007. It is a five-minute-long exposure photographic image captured inside a purpose-built, room-sized pinhole camera which is demountable and does not have a floor. The work depicts octogenarian Jack Morris, who for forty years held the professional salmon fishing license in the hamlet of Bremer Bay, on the SE coast of Western Australia. The pinhole camera-room is sited within sand dunes new Jack's now demolished beachside camp. Three generations of Jack's descendents stand outside the room - from his daughter to his great grand children. The light from this exterior landscape is 'projected' inside the camera-room and illuminates the interior scene which includes that part of the sand dune upon which the floorless room is erected, along with Jack who is sitting inside. The image evokes the temporality of light. Here, light itself is portrayed as the primary medium through which we both perceive and describe landscape. In this way it is through the agency of light that we construct our connectivity to landscape.

Jack's Bay

Jack's Bay expands understandings of the role of photographic media in the representation of landscapes. It does so by combining architectural construction with B&W photographic processing techniques. A purpose-built room-sized camera obscura is first constructed over a portion of the landscape to be recorded. Photosensitive paper is applied to the interior wall surfaces and is exposed to the inverted light entering a small aperture. These photographs are subsequently developed within the camera itself and consequently 'suffer' embellishments and aberrations from the makeshift darkroom conditions. In this way the specificity of both the landscape and the event of its recording are registered in the final image. Many images were destroyed in the process. The idea of the work is to help the viewer reflect on the role media plays in our understanding of landscape and to thus question the means by which they themselves record and interpret landscape representations.

Interfacing Jack and anybody : towards anthropometric musculoskeletal digital human modeling

Virtual prototyping emerges as a new technology to replace existing physical prototypes for product evaluation, which are costly and time consuming to manufacture. Virtualization technology allows engineers and ergonomists to perform virtual builds and different ergonomic analyses on a product. Digital Human Modelling (DHM) software packages such as Siemens Jack, often integrate with CAD systems to provide a virtual environment which allows investigation of operator and product compatibility. Although the integration between DHM and CAD systems allows for the ergonomic analysis of anthropometric design, human musculoskeletal, multi-body modelling software packages such as the AnyBody Modelling System (AMS) are required to support physiologic design. They provide muscular force analysis, estimate human musculoskeletal strain and help address human comfort assessment. However, the independent characteristics of the modelling systems Jack and AMS constrain engineers and ergonomists in conducting a complete ergonomic analysis. AMS is a stand alone programming system without a capability to integrate into CAD environments. Jack is providing CAD integrated human-in-the-loop capability, but without considering musculoskeletal activity. Consequently, engineers and ergonomists need to perform many redundant tasks during product and process design. Besides, the existing biomechanical model in AMS uses a simplified estimation of body proportions, based on a segment mass ratio derived scaling approach. This is insufficient to represent user populations anthropometrically correct in AMS. In addition, sub-models are derived from different sources of morphologic data and are therefore anthropometrically inconsistent. Therefore, an interface between the biomechanical AMS and the virtual human model Jack was developed to integrate a musculoskeletal simulation with Jack posture modeling. This interface provides direct data exchange between the two man-models, based on a consistent data structure and common body model. The study assesses kinematic and biomechanical model characteristics of Jack and AMS, and defines an appropriate biomechanical model. The information content for interfacing the two systems is defined and a protocol is identified. The interface program is developed and implemented through Tcl and Jack-script(Python), and interacts with the AMS console application to operate AMS procedures.

City meeting places: Brisbane's Hungry Jack's and Melbourne's Flinders Street Station

When arranging a place to meet in Brisbane, it has become almost second nature to say, ���I���ll meet you outside Hungry Jack���s,��� which is located in Queen Street Mall. In Melbourne, the common saying is, ���I���ll meet you under the clocks,��� which refers to the row of clocks above the main entrance to Flinders Street Railway Station. The saying ���I���ll meet you under the clocks��� is loaded with memory and history for most Melbournians���from WWII farewells to after school meetings. The clocks, and the station, have become part of the symbolic culture of the city. A feature of these two sites is the diversity of people who arrange to meet there, ranging from business people, tourists, teenagers, lovers, families to local schoolchildren. These two spaces cross boundaries of exclusion and enable people to feel as though they belong the city. While it seems appropriate for people to arrange to meet at a railway station, it is interesting that many people who meet at Flinders Street Station do not travel by train to arrive there: some walk; some take the tram and then walk; others arrive by bus. Similarly, most of the many people who arrange to meet outside Hungry Jack���s in Brisbane do not intend to enter the store...

Exploring the Pro-Am interface between production and produsage

This conference celebrates the passing of 40 years since the establishment of the Internet (dating this, presumably, to the first connection between two nodes on ARPANET in October 1969). For a gathering of media scholars such as this, however, it may be just as important not only to mark the first testing of the core technologies upon which much of our present-day Net continues to build, but also to reflect on another recent milestone: the 20th anniversary of what is today arguably the chief interface through which billions around the world access and experience the Internet ��� the World Wide Web, launched by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.

Ergonomic assessment of hospital bed moving using DHM Siemens JACK

While the indirect and direct cost of occupational musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) causes a significant burden on the health system, lower back pain (LBP) is associated with a significant portion of MSD. In Australia, the highest prevalence of MSD exists for health care workers, such as nurses. The digital human model (DHM) Siemens JACK was used to investigate if hospital bed pushing, a simple task and hazard that is commonly associated with LBP, can be simulated and ergonomically assessed in a virtual environment. It was found that while JACK has implemented a range of common physical work assessment methods, the simulation of dynamic bed pushing remains a challenge due to the complex interface between the floor and wheels, which can only be insufficiently modelle

Submission on NSW Attorney-General's Discussion Paper on Amendment of Limitation of Actions Act 1969 to remove time limit for civil claims for child abuse

The New South Wales Attorney-General and Justice Policy Division released a Discussion Paper about reform of the Limitation of Actions Act 1969. The key question was whether and how to amend the statute to better provide access to justice for civil claimants in child abuse cases. This submission draws on published literature and multidisciplinary research to support the Discussion Paper's Option A, namely, to abolish the time limit for civil claims for injuries in criminal child abuse cases, and for this to be made retrospective.

Teatteri liikkeess�� : Ty��v��enteatterit Suomen teatterikent��ll�� ja ty��v��enliikkeess�� kaksiteatterij��rjestelm��n syntyyn asti vuonna 1922

Workers' theatres in Finland until 1922 The topic of this dissertation is the workers' theatres in Finland before the year 1922. The main question is: why did these amateur theatres within the workers' associations become part of the professional theatre field in the 1910s by getting state subsidy as local theatre institutions? How is it possible that they received this status even after the civil war in 1918 when new professional theatres were founded all over the country? The study also asks, what kind of position did workers' theatres have in the workers' associations and in the workers' movement, what did the Social Democrats and Communists think of theatre and in particular of workers' theatre, and what kind of repertoire did the workers' theatres perform? It is a particular feature of Finland that the professional theatre field was not organised and that the workers��� movement had a relatively strong political position. The study concludes that some workers' theatres were the only steady theatre institutions in their surroundings, and thus functioned as local popular theatres performing to all social groups. Although amateur-based, they started to resemble professional theatres. Even though the Social Democratic Party did not have a specific theatre policy, the leaders of the Party appreciated and supported the workers' theatres as educational institutions and worked for their artistic improvement. The workers' theatres were also largely approved of and seen as people's theatres thought to unite and educate the nation and the working class. This reveals the need for national consensus, in the 1910s against the Russian government who worked to dissolve the autonomous position of the Finnish state, and after the civil war (1918) against the threat of a communist revolution. A wave of agitating proletarian theatre was felt in Finland in the early 1920s but it was marginalised by the large anti-communist majority.

Kokoomus, Kekkonen ja NKP:n luottamus : Kansallisen Kokoomuksen toiminta hallitusaseman saavuttamiseksi 1969-1981

Tutkielmani k��sittelee Kokoomuksen suhdetta presidentti Urho Kekkoseen ja Neuvostoliiton Kommunistiseen puolueeseen NKP:hen. Tutkielmassa selvitet����n, mit�� kokoomuslaiset poliitikot tekiv��t n��iden suhteiden kehitt��miseksi ja puolueensa hallitusaseman saavuttamiseksi vuosina 1969-1981. Suomi solmi toisen maailmansodan j��lkeen yya-sopimuksen Neuvostoliiton kanssa ja sitoutui noudattamaan yst��v��llismielist�� politiikkaa Neuvostoliittoa kohtaan. Presidentti J. K. Paasikiven kaudella (1946-56) aloitettu yst��vyyspolitiikka oli kehittynyt varsin pitk��lle 1960-luvun loppuun menness��. Vuonna 1956 presidentiksi valitun Urho Kekkosen johdolla hyvist�� neuvostosuhteista muodostui Suomessa huipputason politiikan teon edellytys. Kekkonen vaati ehdotonta kuuliaisuutta Paasikivi-Kekkosen ulkopoliittiselle linjalle, niin puolueilta kuin yksitt��isilt�� poliitikoiltakin. T��m��n linjan noudattaminen merkitsi Neuvostoliiton arvostelusta pid��tt��ytymist�� ja sit�� kautta luottamusta Kekkosen ja NKP:n piiriss��. Suomettumisen kaudeksi kutsuttuna aikana 1960-70-luvuilla Kokoomuksen asema oli erityisen vaikea, sill�� tietyt puolueen poliitikot jatkoivat Kekkosen ja NL:n arvostelua. Muut keskeiset puolueet olivat p����sseet Kekkosen ja Neuvostoliiton suosioon, mutta Kokoomusta ei n��iden taholta hyv��ksytty hallituspuolueeksi vuoden 1966 j��lkeen. Suurista puolueista SDP lunasti ulkopoliittisen luottamuksen Kekkoselta ja NKP:lt�� 1966, eik�� Kokoomusta en���� v��ltt��m��tt�� tarvittu enemmist��hallituksiin Keskustapuolueen pariksi. Kokoomuksen nuorempi polvi ymm��rsi, ett�� vaalimenestyksest�� riippumatta hallitusasemaa ei en���� saavuteta ilman Kekkosen ja NKP:n luottamusta. Vanhempi polvi puolestaan vastusti Urho Kekkosta ja h��nen johdollaan kehittynytt�� poliittista kulttuuria. Kokoomuksessa alkoi vuonna 1969 taistelu suhtautumisesta Kekkosen presidenttiyteen ja toiminta puolueen neuvostosuhteiden parantamiseksi. Tutkielma perustuu Porvarillisen Ty��n Arkiston l��hdemateriaaliin, aiheesta julkaistuun kirjallisuuteen, Urho Kekkosen p��iv��kirjoihin ja arkistomateriaaliin sek�� henkil��haastatteluihin.

Reproductive biology of mangrove jack (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) in northeastern Queensland, Australia

Lutjanus argentimaculatus is an Indo-Pacific species that inhabits riverine, coastal and offshore reef habitats. An investigation of the reproductive biology of Lutjanus argentimaculatus in northeastern Queensland waters (Australia) was undertaken between 1999 and 2002. Individuals in inshore estuarine and freshwater riverine habitats were mostly immature whereas those captured in offshore reef waters were predominantly mature. Males matured at a smaller size than females, with the length-at-50%-maturity (Lm50) for males estimated to be 470.7 mm fork length (FL) and 531.4 mm FL for females. The spawning season in northeastern Queensland was mostly during the austral spring-summer and peaked in December. The presence of ripe female fish and occurrence of postovulatory follicles in histological sections provided evidence that spawning activity was more pronounced during the full and third quarter moon phases. Lutjanus argentimaculatus were highly fecund with estimates of up to 4 x 106 ova per spawning event. Immature fish concentrated in inshore areas where they were targeted by recreational fishers whereas, in offshore areas, commercial fishers caught predominantly larger, mature fish.