925 resultados para Hadith--Terminology


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The proliferation of new mobile communication devices, such as smartphones and tablets, has led to an exponential growth in network traffic. The demand for supporting the fast-growing consumer data rates urges the wireless service providers and researchers to seek a new efficient radio access technology, which is the so-called 5G technology, beyond what current 4G LTE can provide. On the other hand, ubiquitous RFID tags, sensors, actuators, mobile phones and etc. cut across many areas of modern-day living, which offers the ability to measure, infer and understand the environmental indicators. The proliferation of these devices creates the term of the Internet of Things (IoT). For the researchers and engineers in the field of wireless communication, the exploration of new effective techniques to support 5G communication and the IoT becomes an urgent task, which not only leads to fruitful research but also enhance the quality of our everyday life. Massive MIMO, which has shown the great potential in improving the achievable rate with a very large number of antennas, has become a popular candidate. However, the requirement of deploying a large number of antennas at the base station may not be feasible in indoor scenarios. Does there exist a good alternative that can achieve similar system performance to massive MIMO for indoor environment? In this dissertation, we address this question by proposing the time-reversal technique as a counterpart of massive MIMO in indoor scenario with the massive multipath effect. It is well known that radio signals will experience many multipaths due to the reflection from various scatters, especially in indoor environments. The traditional TR waveform is able to create a focusing effect at the intended receiver with very low transmitter complexity in a severe multipath channel. TR's focusing effect is in essence a spatial-temporal resonance effect that brings all the multipaths to arrive at a particular location at a specific moment. We show that by using time-reversal signal processing, with a sufficiently large bandwidth, one can harvest the massive multipaths naturally existing in a rich-scattering environment to form a large number of virtual antennas and achieve the desired massive multipath effect with a single antenna. Further, we explore the optimal bandwidth for TR system to achieve maximal spectral efficiency. Through evaluating the spectral efficiency, the optimal bandwidth for TR system is found determined by the system parameters, e.g., the number of users and backoff factor, instead of the waveform types. Moreover, we investigate the tradeoff between complexity and performance through establishing a generalized relationship between the system performance and waveform quantization in a practical communication system. It is shown that a 4-bit quantized waveforms can be used to achieve the similar bit-error-rate compared to the TR system with perfect precision waveforms. Besides 5G technology, Internet of Things (IoT) is another terminology that recently attracts more and more attention from both academia and industry. In the second part of this dissertation, the heterogeneity issue within the IoT is explored. One of the significant heterogeneity considering the massive amount of devices in the IoT is the device heterogeneity, i.e., the heterogeneous bandwidths and associated radio-frequency (RF) components. The traditional middleware techniques result in the fragmentation of the whole network, hampering the objects interoperability and slowing down the development of a unified reference model for the IoT. We propose a novel TR-based heterogeneous system, which can address the bandwidth heterogeneity and maintain the benefit of TR at the same time. The increase of complexity in the proposed system lies in the digital processing at the access point (AP), instead of at the devices' ends, which can be easily handled with more powerful digital signal processor (DSP). Meanwhile, the complexity of the terminal devices stays low and therefore satisfies the low-complexity and scalability requirement of the IoT. Since there is no middleware in the proposed scheme and the additional physical layer complexity concentrates on the AP side, the proposed heterogeneous TR system better satisfies the low-complexity and energy-efficiency requirement for the terminal devices (TDs) compared with the middleware approach.

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Introduction - Learning about ageing and the appropriate management of older patients is important for all doctors. This survey set out to evaluate what medical undergraduates in the UK are taught about ageing and geriatric medicine and how this teaching is delivered. Methods – An electronic questionnaire was developed and sent to the 28/31 UK medical schools which agreed to participate. Results – Full responses were received from 17 schools. 8/21 learning objectives were recorded as taught, and none were examined, across every school surveyed. Elder abuse and terminology and classification of health were taught in only 8/17 and 2/17 schools respectively. Pressure ulcers were taught about in 14/17 schools but taught formally in only 7 of these and examined in only 9. With regard to bio- and socio- gerontology, only 9/17 schools reported teaching in social ageing, 7/17 in cellular ageing and 9/17 in the physiology of ageing. Discussion – Even allowing for the suboptimal response rate, this study presents significant cause for concern with UK undergraduate education related to ageing. The failure to teach comprehensively on elder abuse and pressure sores, in particular, may be significantly to the detriment of older patients.

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Este trabalho visa a análise coreográfica das Sevilhanas através da observação sistemática do comportamento motor, pretendendo definir a Estrutura de Composição Coreográfica desta dança, através da identificação de invariantes. Objetivou-se apresentar a coreografia de Sevilhanas de forma esquematizada, numa tabela que indique a estrutura musical, coreográfica e espacial. Para cumprir o objetivo principal, procedeu-se à identificação e descrição dos passos que constituem a coreografia; à apresentação de uma proposta de terminologia para os passos; e à identificação das constantes coreográficas que permitem reconhecer a Estrutura de Composição Coreográfica. Os dados foram obtidos a partir da observação sistemática de 15 coreografias de Sevilhanas Normais retiradas de 15 vídeos didáticos realizados com o intuito de ensinar a dançar Sevilhanas. No decorrer do estudo, foram também observadas 3 coreografias de Sevilhanas Boleras. Os resultados permitem concluir que as Sevilhanas Normais têm uma Estrutura de Composição Coreográfica dividida em duas componentes, a Estrutura Coreográfica Base e a Estrutura Coreográfica Específica, pelo que se avançou com a definição do Esquema Coreográfico das Sevilhanas Normais. Concluiu-se também que a coreografia de Sevilhanas Normais é diferente da coreografia de Sevilhanas Boleras, apesar de a Estrutura Coreográfica Base ser a mesma.

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Presently, there is controversy and misconception in the diagnosis and management of most congenital vascular malformations. The aim of this manuscript is to identify the current knowledge of these poorly understood and relatively uncommon pathologies. We will also review the updated terminology, classiication, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis approach and management

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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Línguas Estrangeiras e Tradução, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução, 2016.

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Le présent travail consiste à proposer un modèle de représentation des notions théoriques et pratiques de la terminologie et de leurs relations sous forme de thésaurus. Selon la norme ISO 25964-1, 2011, « un thésaurus est un vocabulaire contrôlé et structuré dans lequel les concepts sont représentés par des termes, ayant été organisés afin de rendre explicites les relations entre les concepts (…) ». Notre objectif est de créer un outil pédagogique à la suite d’une réflexion théorique englobant différentes perspectives notionnelles au sein de cette discipline. Les enjeux soulevés par la classification des concepts de certains champs de savoir (notamment ceux donnant lieu à différentes perspectives) n’ont pas été approfondis suffisamment dans la littérature de la terminologie, ni dans celle portant sur les thésaurus. Comment décrire des concepts qui sont sujets à des dissensions théoriques entre les différentes écoles de pensée? Comment classer les différentes relations entretenues par les concepts théoriques et les applications pratiques d’une discipline? À ces questions s’ajoute celle de la prise en compte de ces difficultés dans un thésaurus. Nous commençons par délimiter et organiser les concepts saillants du domaine. Ensuite, à l’aide d’un corpus comprenant des publications associées à différentes approches de la terminologie, nous étudions les réalisations linguistiques de ces concepts et leurs relations en contexte, dans le but de les décrire, de les classer et de les définir. Puis, nous faisons l’encodage de ces données à l’aide d’un logiciel de gestion de thésaurus, en respectant les normes ISO applicables. La dernière étape consiste à définir la visualisation de ces données afin de la rendre conviviale et compréhensible. Enfin, nous présentons les caractéristiques fondamentales du Thésaurus de la terminologie. Nous avons analysé et représenté un échantillon de 45 concepts et leurs termes reliés. Les différents phénomènes associés à ces descripteurs comme la multidimensionalité, la variation conceptuelle et la variation dénominative sont aussi représentés dans notre thésaurus.

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Cette étude vise à caractériser le «crampage», une entité relativement nouvelle dans l’industrie ovine au Québec. Les signes cliniques se manifestent au pas, par une hyperflexion (hanche, grasset, jarret), d’un ou des deux membres pelviens. Cinq agneaux naturellement affectés et cinq agneaux appariés cliniquement normaux ont été soumis à des examens physique, neurologique et orthopédique, à des techniques d’imagerie avancée (tomodensitométrie, résonance magnétique), à des tests électrodiagnostiques (électromyogramme, vitesses de conduction nerveuse motrice et sensitive) puis à une nécropsie. Des hématologies, biochimies ainsi que des analyses du liquide céphalorachidien ont également été réalisées. Les résultats ont été comparés entre les groupes (affectés/cliniquement normaux). Il a été constaté à la tomodensitométrie que la surface du canal vertébral mesurée au niveau de la deuxième vertèbre lombaire était inférieure dans le groupe des agneaux affectés (p=0.045). Aucune répercussion n’a été constatée sur le segment de moelle épinière correspondant. La racine S2, quant à elle, était plus grêle dans le groupe des agneaux affectés (p=0.01). À l’issue de cette étude, une cause orthopédique, musculaire ou neurologique consécutive à une lésion structurale de la moelle épinière a été écartée. Il pourrait s‘agir d’une atteinte sensitive de la racine S2 altérant la sensation dans le membre affecté, toutefois, une anomalie fonctionnelle cérébrale ou de la moelle épinière dans le renflement lombaire, est également à considérer. Sans anomalie musculaire, l’appellation «crampage» est inexacte. Nous proposons de la remplacer par des termes plus descriptifs comme «syndrome d’hyperflexion» ou «high stepping gait».

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Druj Aeterni is a large chamber ensemble piece for flute, clarinet, French horn, two trumpets, piano, two percussionists, string quintet, and electric bass. My composition integrates three intellectual pursuits and interests, ancient mythology, cosmology, and mathematics. The title of the piece uses Latin and the language of the Avesta, the holy book of Zoroastrianism, and comments upon a philosophical perspective based in string theory. I abstract the cosmological implications of string theory, apply them to the terminology and theology of Zoroastrianism, and then structure the composition in consideration of a possible reconciliation. The analysis that follows incorporates analytical techniques similar to David Cope’s style of Vectoral Analysis.

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Le présent travail consiste à proposer un modèle de représentation des notions théoriques et pratiques de la terminologie et de leurs relations sous forme de thésaurus. Selon la norme ISO 25964-1, 2011, « un thésaurus est un vocabulaire contrôlé et structuré dans lequel les concepts sont représentés par des termes, ayant été organisés afin de rendre explicites les relations entre les concepts (…) ». Notre objectif est de créer un outil pédagogique à la suite d’une réflexion théorique englobant différentes perspectives notionnelles au sein de cette discipline. Les enjeux soulevés par la classification des concepts de certains champs de savoir (notamment ceux donnant lieu à différentes perspectives) n’ont pas été approfondis suffisamment dans la littérature de la terminologie, ni dans celle portant sur les thésaurus. Comment décrire des concepts qui sont sujets à des dissensions théoriques entre les différentes écoles de pensée? Comment classer les différentes relations entretenues par les concepts théoriques et les applications pratiques d’une discipline? À ces questions s’ajoute celle de la prise en compte de ces difficultés dans un thésaurus. Nous commençons par délimiter et organiser les concepts saillants du domaine. Ensuite, à l’aide d’un corpus comprenant des publications associées à différentes approches de la terminologie, nous étudions les réalisations linguistiques de ces concepts et leurs relations en contexte, dans le but de les décrire, de les classer et de les définir. Puis, nous faisons l’encodage de ces données à l’aide d’un logiciel de gestion de thésaurus, en respectant les normes ISO applicables. La dernière étape consiste à définir la visualisation de ces données afin de la rendre conviviale et compréhensible. Enfin, nous présentons les caractéristiques fondamentales du Thésaurus de la terminologie. Nous avons analysé et représenté un échantillon de 45 concepts et leurs termes reliés. Les différents phénomènes associés à ces descripteurs comme la multidimensionalité, la variation conceptuelle et la variation dénominative sont aussi représentés dans notre thésaurus.

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Cette étude vise à caractériser le «crampage», une entité relativement nouvelle dans l’industrie ovine au Québec. Les signes cliniques se manifestent au pas, par une hyperflexion (hanche, grasset, jarret), d’un ou des deux membres pelviens. Cinq agneaux naturellement affectés et cinq agneaux appariés cliniquement normaux ont été soumis à des examens physique, neurologique et orthopédique, à des techniques d’imagerie avancée (tomodensitométrie, résonance magnétique), à des tests électrodiagnostiques (électromyogramme, vitesses de conduction nerveuse motrice et sensitive) puis à une nécropsie. Des hématologies, biochimies ainsi que des analyses du liquide céphalorachidien ont également été réalisées. Les résultats ont été comparés entre les groupes (affectés/cliniquement normaux). Il a été constaté à la tomodensitométrie que la surface du canal vertébral mesurée au niveau de la deuxième vertèbre lombaire était inférieure dans le groupe des agneaux affectés (p=0.045). Aucune répercussion n’a été constatée sur le segment de moelle épinière correspondant. La racine S2, quant à elle, était plus grêle dans le groupe des agneaux affectés (p=0.01). À l’issue de cette étude, une cause orthopédique, musculaire ou neurologique consécutive à une lésion structurale de la moelle épinière a été écartée. Il pourrait s‘agir d’une atteinte sensitive de la racine S2 altérant la sensation dans le membre affecté, toutefois, une anomalie fonctionnelle cérébrale ou de la moelle épinière dans le renflement lombaire, est également à considérer. Sans anomalie musculaire, l’appellation «crampage» est inexacte. Nous proposons de la remplacer par des termes plus descriptifs comme «syndrome d’hyperflexion» ou «high stepping gait».

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Novel or story adaptations and also dramatic texts versions, that need to be translated and updated to modern audiences are quite frequent in today`s theatre. This study aims to show the state of contemporary stage adaptation of narrative texts and, specifically, its evolution in Spain in the last forty years (1972-2012). To do this, I have tried to gather, first, all the terminology associated with the concept of stage adaptation: version, dramaturgy, rewriting, translation, interpretation, updating and consolidation. The theoretical part of the work begins with the various definitions of the concept of dramatization. All the positions reflected by theorists and specialists in the field come together when explaining the term adaptation or theatre version: the intervention on the original text is based on the transformation or change, radical or superficial, for its effective representation in the theatre. In contemporary times, the concept of adaptation applies to any kind of intervention, from the translation of the original (and rewriting) to the dramaturgical work involved in creating a new sense. In turn, any theatre adaptation requires a dramaturgical operation and supports all possible moves: reorganization of the story, breakage, reduced characters, dramatic concentration, incorporation of foreign texts, installation and collage, changes to the plot, etc. Although there is no definitive model for the theatre adaptation of works, several authors and theatrical theorists propose guidelines and types of adaptation to the transformation of a work into another or one genre into a different one; and regarding narrative texts, provide criteria for interpreting the original text. The issue for many authors is the danger of modifying or betraying the sense or the form of the original text, considering it as simple material for the play. Finally, it follows that there is affinity of thought among authors finding that there is no differentiation between adaptation and version: both terms refer to the same in the theatrical event and are also terms used equally for the countless film adaptations of novels and plays...

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Todos os seres humanos, independentemente da sua fase no ciclo vital ou qualquer tipo de condição, são seres plenos de direitos e merecem ser tratados com dignidade e respeito. Os jovens, por se encontrarem numa etapa inicial do desenvolvimento humano, requerem atenção e assistência especiais. A presença de crianças e jovens envolvidos no sistema de justiça é cada vez mais frequente e devido à sua idade precoce, inúmeras leis e documentos foram desenvolvidos para proteger os menores, com o objetivo de fornecer uma justiça adaptada à sua maturidade cognitiva e emocional em todas as fases do processo judicial (antes, durante e após). Quando estas questões são referentes a jovens na qualidade de ofensores, tomam particular pertinência, devido à possibilidade do seu direito de defesa ficar comprometido. Uma vez que, em Portugal, a literatura existente acerca de como o sistema de justiça interage com os jovens em conflito com a Lei é escassa, o presente estudo é revestido de particular pertinência. Assim, esta investigação visa apresentar um estudo quantitativo que pretende compreender a perceção que os jovens em conflito com a Lei têm da terminologia legal e dos procedimentos judiciais. A recolha de dados realizou-se baseada no método de inquérito suportado pela técnica de questionário fechado. Elaborou-se um instrumento constituído por 69 questões dicotómicas, com um tempo de realização estimado de 15 minutos. Para a realização da investigação foram obtidas as autorizações necessárias (i.e. Comissão de Ética da Universidade Fernando Pessoa e Direção Geral de Reinserção e Serviços Prisionais) e os respetivos consentimentos informados dos participantes. Os resultados revelam que, em geral, os jovens inquiridos têm um relativo bom conhecimento da terminologia legal e dos procedimentos judiciais que ocorreram durante o processo tutelar de que foram alvo. Verificou-se uma diferença de conhecimento/experiência significativa entre os Centros Educativos do Porto e da Guarda, sendo que os jovens do Porto revelarem maiores conhecimentos que os jovens da Guarda. Apesar dos jovens apresentarem conhecimento acerca do sistema, existem determinadas lacunas às quais se deve atentar. Assim, depreende-se que o sistema jurídico português possa estar a empenhar-se de forma a cumprir as normas e legislações nacionais e internacionais e garantir o bem-estar e esclarecimento do jovem em conflito com a lei. Contudo, reconhece-se que é da responsabilidade dos intervenientes judiciais com contacto direto com a criança (e.g. advogado, juiz) esta função, pelo que os lapsos identificados devem ser colmatados de forma a garantir que o jovem seja (como é) um cidadão pleno de direitos e dignidade quando contacta com o sistema jurídico.

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Esta Dissertação de Mestrado apresenta um estudo sobre terminologia legal relacionada ao entendimento de crianças e adolescentes escolarizados, tendo como objetivo analisar de forma crítica, a compreensibilidade de alguns vocábulos, como também a interpretação de terminologias jurídica na visão destes públicos, uma vez que, o Direito por ser um dos ramos da ciência a usar em demasia certos termos, tem dificultado até mesmo aqueles que têm certa familiaridade com a matéria, a ter certa dificuldade em relação à interpretação de fraseologia. Tal inquietação em aprofundar sobre o tema surgiu em virtude da percepção, de acordo com os noticiários, em expor a participação cada vez maior desses atores em contato com o mundo delituoso. Dessa forma, emergiu a inquietação em saber com certa pertinência, como estes percebiam certos vocábulos ou termos legal, usados no cotidiano, não somente pelos profissionais do Direito, como também, por aqueles que têm a incumbência de socializar os acontecimentos com o envolvimento pela população. Esta pesquisa teve como fundamentos metodológicos, as abordagens qualitativas e quantitativas, que oportunizou fazer a análise e o cruzamento das informações identificadas às múltiplas facetas das ações desenvolvidas no que refere à percepção dos detentores do assunto, finalizando com todos os objetivos conclusos, oportunizando, não só aos leitores, como também propiciando elevada contribuição para a ciência.