Fauna associated with Bathymodiolus azoricus mussel beds within hydrothermal fields of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Structure of assemblages associated with mussel aggregations of Bathymodiolus azoricus was investigated. Mussel beds were found on hydrothermal vent fields on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (Menez Gwen, Lucky Strike, and Rainbow) at depths 850-2400 m. The community structure of the mussel bed assemblages varied between studied areas. Large number of species was unique to mussel beds of the Menez Gwen field; the most observed taxa were not specialized hydrothermal species. All other nonunique species were found within the Lucky Strike region. The lowest mussel assemblage structure evenness was observed in the shallowest Menez Gwen area (850 m depth). We assume that two types of mussel assemblages (nematode-dominated and copepod-dominated) exist within the Lucky Strike field. The assemblages of B. azoricus differ significantly from assemblages of B. thermophilus inhabiting Pacific hydrothermal vents.

Fauna composition of benthos communities in bottom sediments from the edge and the central part of the shelf in the California upwelling zone

Two shelf communities from the central part off the California Peninsula are described. The community of Amphiodia urtica - Nephtys ferruginea develops in the central part of the shelf within the depth range 95-105 m. The community of Nephtys ferruginea - Amphiura acrystata develops on the shelf edge at depth 110 m. Biomasses of both communities are very low (about 10 g/m**2). Species richness of the shelf community is high; more than 60 species occur in samples (43-51 species per a community). Various echinoderms and some other groups are abundant on the Californian shelf; these groups are absent in shelf areas of Peruvian and Benguela upwellings. Species structures of the communities were analyzed; the communities were shown to consist of coexisting, but not interacting guilds; this indicates that the communities are undersaturated with individuals. At the same time values of ABC-indices indicate that the communities are stable. We suggest that in this case adaptation to unfavorable but stable environment is observed (selection of species-stressolarents). An explanation seems to lie in the penetrating type of the upwelling in the Californian upwelling zone. Low biomass values seem to result from mass development of necto-benthic carnivorous crustaceans-galateids Pleuroncodes planiceps.

Um estudo descritivo preliminar dos sememas das línguas parintintin e zoró para animais da fauna brasileira

No Brasil, existem aproximadamente 200 línguas indígenas, dessas algumas nao foram descritas. Grosso modo, há dois troncos linguísticos (Tupi e Macro Jê) e existem famílias linguísticas ou línguas que nao apresentam semelhanças suficientes para serem agrupadas nos troncos linguísticos conhecidos. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo descritivo e contrastivo em relaçao aos sememas que descrevem os animais da fauna brasileira das línguas Zoró e Parintintin baseado nos conceitos onomasiologicos. Com relaçao ao aporte teórico adotado, apoiamo-nos em Babini (2001), Barbosa (2002), Lisboa (2008) e Kurovski (2009). A metodologia consiste em pesquisa bibliográfica e comparaçao entre sememas das duas línguas com a língua portuguesa. Podemos mencionar que há elevado grau de diferenciaçao entre o português e as duas línguas estudadas. Como exemplo, pode-se mencionar que para o falante do português os sememas para "peixe pintado" seriam: "peixe e água doce", "peixe de carne saborosa", "peixe de couro" enquanto que o semema da língua zoró para o mesmo peixe seria "causa a hepatite". No caso do parintintin os sememas foram avaliados a partir do sistema exogâmico, que divide todos os seres e objetos em duas categorias: Myty e Kwandu (pássaros da Amazônia brasileira), tal classificaçao é levada em consideraçao na escolha do alimento que será consumido. Dessa forma, verificou-se que os sememas indígenas para animais representam, primordialmente, fonte de alimento e sobrevivência, e, também, estao correlacionados às questoes cosmogônicas e culturais. Por sua vez, os sememas de animais para o homem lusófono focam os aspectos visual e preservacionista. Por fim, cabe salientar que o estudo é preliminar e os dados levantados serao empregados para a construçao de um glossário onomasiológico da fauna brasileira

Benthic foraminiferal fauna and isotope record in Holocene sediments of the northwest Indian Ocean

Historically, the Holocene has been considered an interval of relatively stable climate. However, recent studies from the northern Arabian Sea (Netherlands Indian Ocean Program 905) suggested high-amplitude climate shifts in the early and middle Holocene based on faunal and benthic isotopic proxy records. We examined benthic foraminiferal faunal and stable isotopic data from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 723 and total organic carbon data from ODP Site 724, Oman Margin (808 and 593 m water depths, respectively). At Site 723 the mid-Holocene shift in d18O values of infaunal benthic species Uvigerina peregrina (1.4 per mil) is 3 times larger than that of epifaunal benthic species Cibicides kullenbergi recorded at Site NIOP 905 off Somalia. However, none of the five other benthic species we measured at Hole 723A exhibits such a shift in d18O. We speculate that the late Holocene d18O decrease in U. peregrina represents species-specific changes in ecological habitat or food preference in response to changes in surface and deep ocean circulation. While the stable isotopic data do not appear to indicate a middle Holocene climatic shift, our total organic carbon and benthic faunal assemblage data do indicate that the early Holocene deep Arabian Sea was influenced by increased ventilation perhaps by North Atlantic Deep Water and/or Circumpolar Deep Water incursions into the Indian Ocean, leading to remineralization of organic matter and a relatively weak early Holocene oxygen minimum zone in the northwest Arabian Sea in spite of strong summer monsoon circulation.

The hydropolyp fauna of the Red Sea area

46 hydropolyp species of 28 genera and 10 families were sampled during the "Meteor" passage 1964/65 (IIOE) through the Red Sea and its northern and southern exits and on the occasion of several ecological investigations of 29 selected coral reef sections of the central Red Sea and the Gulf of Aqaba. These collections comprise 128 single records of hydropolyp species. Three species and two genera each with one species are doubtful. 25 species, seven genera, one family and one subfamily, together from 49 records have not previously been found in the Red Sea and its exits. Including these newly reported species, the total list increases from 64 species and 112 records to 89 species and 240 single records and 51 additional ones. Scanning microscopical photos, made for the first time for the illustration of the hydropolyps, have been shown to be suitable for a better characterization and diagnosis of the species. Qualified results on the reasons for the horizontal distribution of the species known from the Red Sea area cannot be given because of the low number of samples sporadically distributed through the whole area. In contrast with this fact, the vertical spread of the species sampled seems primarily to be regulated by water exchange and light intensity. For example, four species of hydropolyps are excellent indicators of certain abiotic factors or combinations of them: Gymnangium eximium reacts extremely stenophote-photophobe-rheophil, Eudendrium ramosum moderately stenophote-photophobe-rheophobe, Lytocarpus philippinus moderately stenophote-photophil-rheophil, and Halocordyle disticha var. australis extremely stenophote-photophil but moderately rheophil. Other species have been found throughout all the light zones. Combined with the small size of their colonies their euryphotic behaviour does not allow their use as indicator species.

Conservação do Bioma Pampa e a contribuição do Desenvolvimento Rural

This study has intended to arouse reflection to construct new ideas that can encouraging the debate on the development of public policies for rural development under the framework of etnoconservation contributes to the conservation of the Pampa. The study was based on an analysis of theoretical frameworks and literature searches. Presents the construction of the concept of rural development from the perspective of etnoconservation. It is inferred small family livestock as a social group qualified for effective conservation initiatives biome because of its regional historicity of miscegenation

Um estudo descritivo preliminar dos sememas das línguas parintintin e zoró para animais da fauna brasileira

No Brasil, existem aproximadamente 200 línguas indígenas, dessas algumas nao foram descritas. Grosso modo, há dois troncos linguísticos (Tupi e Macro Jê) e existem famílias linguísticas ou línguas que nao apresentam semelhanças suficientes para serem agrupadas nos troncos linguísticos conhecidos. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo descritivo e contrastivo em relaçao aos sememas que descrevem os animais da fauna brasileira das línguas Zoró e Parintintin baseado nos conceitos onomasiologicos. Com relaçao ao aporte teórico adotado, apoiamo-nos em Babini (2001), Barbosa (2002), Lisboa (2008) e Kurovski (2009). A metodologia consiste em pesquisa bibliográfica e comparaçao entre sememas das duas línguas com a língua portuguesa. Podemos mencionar que há elevado grau de diferenciaçao entre o português e as duas línguas estudadas. Como exemplo, pode-se mencionar que para o falante do português os sememas para "peixe pintado" seriam: "peixe e água doce", "peixe de carne saborosa", "peixe de couro" enquanto que o semema da língua zoró para o mesmo peixe seria "causa a hepatite". No caso do parintintin os sememas foram avaliados a partir do sistema exogâmico, que divide todos os seres e objetos em duas categorias: Myty e Kwandu (pássaros da Amazônia brasileira), tal classificaçao é levada em consideraçao na escolha do alimento que será consumido. Dessa forma, verificou-se que os sememas indígenas para animais representam, primordialmente, fonte de alimento e sobrevivência, e, também, estao correlacionados às questoes cosmogônicas e culturais. Por sua vez, os sememas de animais para o homem lusófono focam os aspectos visual e preservacionista. Por fim, cabe salientar que o estudo é preliminar e os dados levantados serao empregados para a construçao de um glossário onomasiológico da fauna brasileira

Ostracode fauna of sediment core GIK23414-9 in the northeast Atlantic

Sediment core M23414 from the Rockall Plateau (North Atlantic) covering the last two climatic cycles, marine isotope stages (MIS) 7 to 1, was investigated for glacial-interglacial variations in the deep-sea benthic ostracode fauna. A highly diversified ostracode fauna including 98 species was found. Two climate-related assemblages were identified, associated with interglacial and peak glacial periods, respectively. The 'interglacial' group occurs during the end of MIS 7, 5 and 1 and is composed of the genera Henryhowella, Pelecocythere, Echinocythereis, Cytherella, Bradleya, Aversovalva and Eucytherura. The 'glacial' group consists of the genera Acetabulastoma (which is known as 'sea ice indicator' in the modern Arctic Ocean), Polycope, Bythoceratina, ?Rhombobythere, and some species possibly belonging to the genus Pseudocythere and is found during MIS 6, 4 and 2. These longer-term variations within the ostracode fauna seem related to the particular glacial and interglacial climate conditions that affected both deep-water production as well as primary production in the surface waters. However, a detailed comparison of ostracode abundances with the occurrence of events marked by increased ice-rafted debris reveals also much shorter-term climate related changes in the ostracode fauna. Thus, the temporal fluctuations within ostracode assemblages reflect long- and short-term alterations of the deep-sea environment that are clearly linked to climate changes.

Um estudo descritivo preliminar dos sememas das línguas parintintin e zoró para animais da fauna brasileira

No Brasil, existem aproximadamente 200 línguas indígenas, dessas algumas nao foram descritas. Grosso modo, há dois troncos linguísticos (Tupi e Macro Jê) e existem famílias linguísticas ou línguas que nao apresentam semelhanças suficientes para serem agrupadas nos troncos linguísticos conhecidos. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar um estudo descritivo e contrastivo em relaçao aos sememas que descrevem os animais da fauna brasileira das línguas Zoró e Parintintin baseado nos conceitos onomasiologicos. Com relaçao ao aporte teórico adotado, apoiamo-nos em Babini (2001), Barbosa (2002), Lisboa (2008) e Kurovski (2009). A metodologia consiste em pesquisa bibliográfica e comparaçao entre sememas das duas línguas com a língua portuguesa. Podemos mencionar que há elevado grau de diferenciaçao entre o português e as duas línguas estudadas. Como exemplo, pode-se mencionar que para o falante do português os sememas para "peixe pintado" seriam: "peixe e água doce", "peixe de carne saborosa", "peixe de couro" enquanto que o semema da língua zoró para o mesmo peixe seria "causa a hepatite". No caso do parintintin os sememas foram avaliados a partir do sistema exogâmico, que divide todos os seres e objetos em duas categorias: Myty e Kwandu (pássaros da Amazônia brasileira), tal classificaçao é levada em consideraçao na escolha do alimento que será consumido. Dessa forma, verificou-se que os sememas indígenas para animais representam, primordialmente, fonte de alimento e sobrevivência, e, também, estao correlacionados às questoes cosmogônicas e culturais. Por sua vez, os sememas de animais para o homem lusófono focam os aspectos visual e preservacionista. Por fim, cabe salientar que o estudo é preliminar e os dados levantados serao empregados para a construçao de um glossário onomasiológico da fauna brasileira

Conservação do Bioma Pampa e a contribuição do Desenvolvimento Rural

This study has intended to arouse reflection to construct new ideas that can encouraging the debate on the development of public policies for rural development under the framework of etnoconservation contributes to the conservation of the Pampa. The study was based on an analysis of theoretical frameworks and literature searches. Presents the construction of the concept of rural development from the perspective of etnoconservation. It is inferred small family livestock as a social group qualified for effective conservation initiatives biome because of its regional historicity of miscegenation

Radiolarian chronology and fauna across the middle/late Eocene boundary at ODP Hole 171-1052A

Quantitative radiolarian assemblage analysis has been conducted on middle and upper Eocene sediments (Zones RP16 to RP18) from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1052 in order to establish the radiolarian magnetobiochronology and determine the nature of the faunal turnover across the middle/late Eocene boundary in the western North Atlantic Ocean. We recognize and calibrate forty-five radiolarian bioevents to the magneto- and cyclo-stratigraphy from Site 1052 to enhance the biochronologic resolution for the middle and late Eocene. Our data is compared to sites in the equatorial Pacific (Leg 199) to access the diachrony of biostratigraphic events. Eleven bioevents are good biostratigraphic markers for tropical/subtropical locations (south of 30°N). The primary markers (lowest occurrences of Cryptocarpium azyx and Calocyclas bandyca) which are tropical zonal boundary markers for Zones RP17 and RP18 provide robust biohorizons for correlation and age determination from the low to middle latitudes and between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Some other radiolarian bioevents are highly diachronous (<1 million years) between oceanic basins. A significant faunal turnover of radiolarians is recognized within Chron C17n.3n (37.7 Ma) where 13 radiolarian species disappear rapidly in less than 100 kyr and 4 new species originate. The radiolarian faunal turnover coincides with a major extinction in planktonic foraminifera. We name the turnover phase, the Middle/Late Eocene Turnover (MLET). Assemblage analysis reveals the MLET to be associated with a decrease in low-mid latitude taxa and increase in cosmopolitan taxa and radiolarian accumulation rates. The MLET might be related to increased biological productivity rather than to surface-water cooling.

Benthos fauna in the North Sea from 2 surveys in 1986 and 1987

During two surveys in the North Sea, in summer 1986 and in winter 1987, larger epibenthos was collected with a 2 m beam trawl. The distributions of the species were checked for average linkage by means of the JACCARD-index cluster analysis. In summer two main clusters can be recognized. These are situated to the north and to the south of the Dogger Bank. In winter two main clusters may be recognized as well, but these clusters divide the North Sea into a western and an eastern part. We conclude, that these differences of epibenthos characteristics are correlated with seasonal changes in water body distributions.