An Embedded Stress Sensor for Concrete SHM Based on Amorphous Ferromagnetic Microwires

A new smart concrete aggregate design as a candidate for applications in structural health monitoring (SHM) of critical elements in civil infrastructure is proposed. The cement-based stress/strain sensor was developed by utilizing the stress/strain sensing properties of a magnetic microwire embedded in cement-based composite (MMCC). This is a contact-less type sensor that measures variations of magnetic properties resulting from stress variations. Sensors made of these materials can be designed to satisfy the specific demand for an economic way to monitor concrete infrastructure health. For this purpose, we embedded a thin magnetic microwire in the core of a cement-based cylinder, which was inserted into the concrete specimen under study as an extra aggregate. The experimental results show that the embedded MMCC sensor is capable of measuring internal compressive stress around the range of 1-30 MPa. Two stress sensing properties of the embedded sensor under uniaxial compression were studied: the peak amplitude and peak position of magnetic switching field. The sensitivity values for the amplitude and position within the measured range were 5 mV/MPa and 2.5 mu s/MPa, respectively.

Investigação da microarquitetura óssea através de microtomografia 3D

A microtomografia computadorizada (uCT) é uma técnica de ensaio não destrutivo, frequentemente utilizada no estudo da estrutura interna de ossos, com uma resolução espacial da ordem de mícrons. Neste trabalho, seis pares de amostras ósseas (fêmur de rato) foram estudados através da uCT. Os ensaios foram conduzidos na presença ou não de filtros de alumínio (espessura de 0,25; 0,50 e 0,75 mm), utilizando-se três níveis de resolução (33,3; 15,0 e 9,5 um). Os parâmetros de arquitetura óssea BS (área óssea da amostra), BV (volume ósseo da amostra), TS (área superficial da amostra), TV (volume da amostra), BV/TV (razão entre o volume ósseo e o volume da amostra), BS/BV (razão entre a área óssea da amostra e o volume ósseo da amostra), Tb.N (densidade trabecular), Tb.Th (espaçamento entre as trabéculas), Tb.Sp (separação trabecular), conectividade e anisotropia foram determinados através das análises em duas (2D) e/ou três (3D) dimensões. A comparação entre os valores dos parâmetros obtidos através dessas análises foi realizada através do teste t pareado e da correlação de Pearson. Com base nos resultados, foi possível determinar a influência da resolução da imagem na qualidade dos parâmetros da arquitetura óssea obtidos através das análises 2D e/ou 3D. Os dados mostram que a presença de filtro de alumínio também afeta a qualidade desses parâmetros. Assim, os melhores resultados são obtidos com resolução máxima e filtro de alumínio com espessura de 0,25 ou 0,50 mm.

Nanocomposites de Poliuretanos Elastoméricos y Nanotubos de Carbono Multipared

218p. -- Tesis con mención "Doctor europeus" realizada en el periodo de Octubre 2005-Mayo 2010, en el Grupo "Materiales+Tecnologías" (GMT).

Structure and properties of amorphous thin film for optical data storage

In this paper the magnetic and magneto-optical properties of amorphous rare earth-transition metal (RE-TM) alloys as well as the magnetic coupling in the multi-layer thin films for high density optical data storage are presented. Using magnetic effect in scanning tunneling microscopy the clusters structure of amorphous RE-TM thin films has been observed and the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in amorphous RE-TM thin films has been interpreted. Experimental results of quick phase transformation under short pulse laser irradiation of amorphous semiconductor and metallic alloy thin films for phase change optical recording are reported. A step-by-step phase transformation process through metastable states has been observed. The waveform of crystallization propagation in micro-size spot during laser recording in amorphous semiconductor thin films is characterized and quick recording and erasing mechanism for optical data storage with high performance are discussed. The nonlinear optical effects in amorphous alloy thin films have been studied. By photo-thermal effect or third order optical nonlinearity, the optical self-focusing is observed in amorphous mask thin films. The application of amorphous thin films with super-resolution near field structure for high-density optical data storage is performed. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Leukemia-Associated Mutations in Nucleophosmin Alter Recognition by CRM1: Molecular Basis of Aberrant Transport

Nucleophosmin (NPM) is a nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein, normally enriched in nucleoli, that performs several activities related to cell growth. NPM mutations are characteristic of a subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), where mutant NPM seems to play an oncogenic role. AML-associated NPM mutants exhibit altered subcellular traffic, being aberrantly located in the cytoplasm of leukoblasts. Exacerbated export of AML variants of NPM is mediated by the nuclear export receptor CRM1, and due, in part, to a mutationally acquired novel nuclear export signal (NES). To gain insight on the molecular basis of NPM transport in physiological and pathological conditions, we have evaluated the export efficiency of NPM in cells, and present new data indicating that, in normal conditions, wild type NPM is weakly exported by CRM1. On the other hand, we have found that AML-associated NPM mutants efficiently form complexes with CRM1HA (a mutant CRM1 with higher affinity for NESs), and we have quantitatively analyzed CRM1HA interaction with the NES motifs of these mutants, using fluorescence anisotropy and isothermal titration calorimetry. We have observed that the affinity of CRM1HA for these NESs is similar, which may help to explain the transport properties of the mutants. We also describe NPM recognition by the import machinery. Our combined cellular and biophysical studies shed further light on the determinants of NPM traffic, and how it is dramatically altered by AML-related mutations.

Acoustic plasmons in extrinsic free-standing graphene

An acoustic plasmon is predicted to occur, in addition to the conventional two-dimensional (2D) plasmon, as the collective motion of a system of two types of electronic carriers coexisting in the same 2D band of extrinsic (doped or gated) graphene. The origin of this novel mode stems from the anisotropy present in the graphene band structure near the Dirac points K and K'. This anisotropy allows for the coexistence of carriers moving with two distinct Fermi velocities along the Gamma K and Gamma K' directions, which leads to two modes of collective oscillation: one mode in which the two types of carriers oscillate in phase with one another (this is the conventional 2D graphene plasmon, which at long wavelengths (q -> 0) has the same dispersion, q(1/2), as the conventional 2D plasmon of a 2D free electron gas), and the other mode found here corresponds to a low-frequency acoustic oscillation (whose energy exhibits at long-wavelengths a linear dependence on the 2D wavenumber q) in which the two types of carriers oscillate out of phase. This prediction represents a realization of acoustic

Métodos espectronodais para cálculos de transporte de partículas neutras com fonte fixa na formulação de ordenadas discretas e multigrupo de energia

Um método espectronodal é desenvolvido para problemas de transporte de partículas neutras de fonte fixa, multigrupo de energia em geometria cartesiana na formulação de ordenadas discretas (SN). Para geometria unidimensional o método espectronodal multigrupo denomina-se método spectral Greens function (SGF) com o esquema de inversão nodal (NBI) que converge solução numérica para problemas SN multigrupo em geometria unidimensional, que são completamente livre de erros de truncamento espacial para ordem L de anisotropia de espalhamento desde que L < N. Para geometria X; Y o método espectronodal multigrupo baseia-se em integrações transversais das equações SN no interior dos nodos de discretização espacial, separadamente nas direções coordenadas x e y. Já que os termos de fuga transversal são aproximados por constantes, o método nodal resultante denomina-se SGF-constant nodal (SGF-CN), que é aplicado a problemas SN multigrupo de fonte fixa em geometria X; Y com espalhamento isotrópico. Resultados numéricos são apresentados para ilustrar a eficiência dos códigos SGF e SGF-CN e a precisão das soluções numéricas convergidas em cálculos de malha grossa.

Microwave Resonant and Zero-Field Absorption Study of Doped Magnetite Prepared by a Co-Precipitation Method

Fe3O4 and ZnxFe3-xO4 pure and doped magnetite magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared in aqueous solution (Series A) or in a water-ethyl alcohol mixture (Series B) by the co-precipitation method. Only one ferromagnetic resonance line was observed in all cases under consideration indicating that the materials are magnetically uniform. The shortfall in the resonance fields from 3.27 kOe (for the frequency of 9.5 GHz) expected for spheres can be understood taking into account the dipolar forces, magnetoelasticity, or magnetocrystalline anisotropy. All samples show non-zero low field absorption. For Series A samples the grain size decreases with an increase of the Zn content. In this case zero field absorption does not correlate with the changes of the grain size. For Series B samples the grain size and zero field absorption behavior correlate with each other. The highest zero-field absorption corresponded to 0.2 zinc concentration in both A and B series. High zero-field absorption of Fe3O4 ferrite magnetic NPs can be interesting for biomedical applications.

Estudo do efeito magnetocalórico nos compostos da série Gd1-xDyxAl2

Nesta dissertação, foram investigadas as propriedades magnéticas e magnetocalóricas nos compostos intermetálicos de terras-raras Gd1-xDyxAl2 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 e 1.00) usando abordagens teórica e experimental. Do ponto de vista teórico, a série Gd1-xDyxAl2 foi descrita através de um modelo para o hamiltoniano magnético, incluindo o efeito Zeeman, interação de troca e a anisotropia de campo elétrico cristalino. As entropias da rede e eletrônica foram consideradas nas aproximações de Debye e de gás de elétrons livres, respectivamente. A parte experimental inclui a preparação do material, sua caracterização e medidas das quantidades magnéticas e magnetocalóricas. Os resultados experimentais e os cálculos teóricos da variação adiabática da temperatura (ΔTad) e da variação isotérmica da entropia (ΔS T), sob variações de campo magnético ao longo da direção de fácil magnetização, estão de bom acordo. O efeito da aplicação do campo magnético ao longo de uma direção de difícil magnetização foi estudado e as componentes da magnetização em função da temperatura foram investigadas. Também foi observado que a temperatura de reorientação de spin, TR, diminui quando a intensidade do campo magnético aumenta. Além disso, as concentrações molares ótimas de um material híbrido formado pelos compostos Gd1-xDyxAl2 (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 e 1.00) foram simuladas usando um método numérico de matriz proposto por Smaili e Chahine. O compósito apresenta um bom intervalo de temperatura para um refrigerador magnético de 60 até 170 K.

Yb：Ca5（PO4）3F激光晶体的生长缺陷

采用提拉法生长了质量优异的Yb：Ca5（PO4）2F（Yb：FAP）晶体。运用化学腐蚀，光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜以及能量散射光谱仪观察了该晶体中的生长条纹和包裹物等宏观缺陷，以及晶体的位错腐蚀形貌、位错密度及其分布情况，同时观察了晶体中亚晶界的形态。由晶体中位错的径向变化以及生长条纹可知：晶体在生长过程中为微凸界面生长。高温下CaF2的挥发造成了在晶体生长后期熔体中组分偏离化学计量比，出现组分过冷，形成包裹物。且位错密度显著增加。Yb：FAP晶体的各向异性使得晶体在（10 10）面的位错蚀坑形状、大小以

γ-LiAIO2上非极性ZnO薄膜制备及其光谱性质研究

利用激光脉冲沉积（PLD）技术在（302）γ-LiAIO2衬底上成功生长了非极性的a面（112^-0）γZnO薄膜．衬底温度为350℃时，薄膜是混合取向（a向和C向），以c面ZnO为主，且晶粒尺寸分布很宽；提高温度达500℃，薄膜变为单一的（1120）取向，摇摆曲线半高宽O.65^o，晶粒尺寸分布趋窄，利用偏振透射谱可以明显看出其面内的各向异性．衬底温度650℃下制备的样品晶粒继续长大，虽然摇摆曲线半高宽变大，但光致发光谱（PL）带边发射峰半高宽仅为105meV，比在350℃，500℃下制备的样品小1／5

Anisotropic crystallographic properties, strain, and their effects on band structure of m -plane GaN on LiAlO2 (100)

The m-plane GaN films grown on LiAlO2(100) by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition exhibit anisotropic crystallographic properties. The Williamson-Hall plots point out they are due to the different tilts and lateral correlation lengths of mosaic blocks parallel and perpendicular to GaN[0001] in the growth plane. The symmetric and asymmetric reciprocal space maps reveal the strain of m-plane GaN to be biaxial in-plane compress epsilon(xx)=-0.79% and epsilon(zz)=-0.14% with an out-of-plane dilatation epsilon(yy)=0.38%. This anisotropic strain further separates the energy levels of top valence band at Gamma point. The energy splitting as 37 meV as well as in-plane polarization anisotropy for transitions are found by the polarized photoluminescence spectra at room temperature. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics.

Structural and optical properties of a-plane ZnO thin films synthesized on γ-LiAlO2 (302) substrates by low pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

Nonpolar a-plane (1120) ZnO thin films have been fabricated on gamma-LiAlO2 (302) substrates via the low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. An obvious intensity variation of the E-2 mode in the Raman spectra indicates that there exhibits in-plane optical anisotropy in the a-plane ZnO thin films. Highly-oriented uniform grains of rectangular shape can be seen from the atomic force microscopy images, which mean that the lateral growth rate of the thin films is also anisotropic. It is demonstrated experimentally that a buffer layer deposited at a low temperature (200 degrees C) can improve the structural and optical properties of the epilayer to a large extent. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

γ-LiAlO_2上a面ZnO薄膜的光谱特性研究

利用激光脉冲沉积(PLD)技术在(302)γ-LiAlO2衬底上成功生长了非极性的a面(1120)ZnO薄膜,光致发光谱(PL)带边发射峰半峰宽仅为115meV.研究了非极性ZnO薄膜光谱特性的面内各向异性,发现随着入射光偏振方向改变,在偏振透射光谱上,吸收边移动了20meV,这与A、B激子和C激子的能量差一致;而在拉曼光谱上,激发光偏振方向的改变导致E2模式的强度发生明显改变.

Characterization of m-plane ZnO thin film on gamma-LiAlO2 (100) substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition

Non-polar (1 (1) over bar 00)m-plane ZnO thin film has been prepared on gamma-LiAlO2 (100)substrate via the low pressure metal organic chemical vapor deposition. Obvious intensity variation of the E-2 mode in the polarized Raman spectra and the absorption edge shift in the polarized optical transmission spectra indicate that the m-plane film exhibits optical anisotropy, which have applications in certain optical devices, such as the UV modulator and polarization-dependent beam switch. From the atomic force microscopy images, highly-oriented uniform-sized grains of rectangular shape were observed. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.