Global value Chains, rising power firms and economic and social upgrading

© Emerald Group Publishing Limited.Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to introduce the global value chain (GVC) approach to understand the relationship between multinational enterprises (MNEs) and the changing patterns of global trade, investment and production, and its impact on economic and social upgrading. It aims to illuminate how GVCs can advance our understanding about MNEs and rising power (RP) firms and their impact on economic and social upgrading in fragmented and dispersed global production systems. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reviews theGVCliterature focusing on two conceptual elements of the GVC approach, governance and upgrading, and highlights three key recent developments in GVCs: concentration, regionalization and synergistic governance. Findings – The paper underscores the complicated role of GVCs in shaping economic and social upgrading for emerging economies, RP firms and developing country firms in general. Rising geographic and organizational concentration in GVCs leads to the uneven distribution of upgrading opportunities in favor of RP firms, and yet economic upgrading may be elusive even for the most established suppliers because of power asymmetry with global buyers. Shifting end markets and the regionalization of value chains can benefit RP firms by presenting alternative markets for upgrading. Yet, without further upgrading, such benefits may be achieved at the expense of social downgrading. Finally, the ineffectiveness of private standards to achieve social upgrading has led to calls for synergistic governance through the cooperation of private, public and social actors, both global and local. Originality/value – The paper illuminates how the GVC approach and its key concepts can contribute to the critical international business and RP firms literature by examining the latest dynamics in GVCs and their impacts on economic and social development in developing countries.

Interpretación de indicadores discursivos en situación de aprendizaje matemático en pareja

En este informe, presentamos el análisis de datos de una pareja de estudiantes durante la resolución de un problema de generalización en una clase de matemáticas de secundaria (15-16 años). De acuerdo con las teorías interaccionistas del aprendizaje matemático, asumimos que el discurso establecido en la interacción en pareja es un factor clave de influencia en los procesos de construcción de conocimiento matemático. Hasta ahora, los resultados ponen de relieve la relación entre el uso de ciertos indicadores discursivos y los avances en la "intención argumentativa" de las estudiantes. La mayoría de intercambios con intención argumentativa vienen precedidos o acompañados por refutación y cuestionamiento, y en menor grado, validación. La refinación del análisis actual se está realizando dentro del trabajo de tesis doctoral de la primera autora.

Una experiencia en torno a la estrategia de visualización

En el presente trabajo se reportan los resultados obtenidos al implementar una propuesta de situación didáctica diseñada previamente para ayudar a los estudiantes de segundo año de secundaria a mejorar sus procesos de justificación. En el diseño de las actividades se consideró la Teoría de Situaciones Didácticas de Guy Brousseau y como herramienta para la elaboración de la secuencia a la Visualización. El contenido central de la propuesta es sobre temas de geometría plana. Por tanto el presente reporte tiene como objetivo dar a conocer los resultados logrados durante la investigación; dentro de los cuales encontramos que a través de los ejercicios de visualización se apoyó a los alumnos comprobar resultados y construir conceptos.

Significados elementales y sistémicos de una ecuación de segundo grado

El presente trabajo consistió en caracterizar los significados elementales y sistémicos a los protocolos de respuestas dadas por un estudiante sobre ecuaciones de segundo grado y los puestos de manifiesto, en relación al mismo tema, por los autores del libro de texto que se utilizó de apoyo a la enseñanza y aprendizaje. Para tal fin aplicamos la técnica del análisis semiótico, generada del modelo ontológico semiótico de la cognición e instrucción matemática (Godino, 2003 y Godino y Arrieche, 2001), que nos permitió determinar el significado institucional de referencia y el significado personal declarado. También se identificaron conflictos semióticos, es decir; discordancias entre los significados personales e institucionales.

La geometría en el arte: los vitrales de las catedrales góticas

Los conocimientos geométricos aparecen en las distintas culturas desde el principio, quizá unidos con los conceptos de belleza y armonía. En este trabajo se presenta un ejemplo de cómo este abordaje se puede llevar a cabo en la escuela en el nivel medio ligado con su aparición. Es posible encontrar múltiples ejemplos de distintos tipos de aplicaciones en los que los objetos geométricos y sus propiedades se hacen necesarios para estudiar las formas. Las catedrales góticas suministran un bello ejemplo en el que la geometría aparece no sólo en las formas de las construcciones arquitectónicas, sino en particular en las composiciones artísticas de las ventanas. Se propone realizar un análisis de cuáles fueron los conceptos geométricos que manejaron los constructores para lograr estas obras de arte.

Registros de representación semiótica en el concepto “resolución numérica de ecuaciones polinómicas”. Análisis a priori

Analizamos los registros de representación semiótica y las correspondientes funciones semióticas implícitos en la solución de dos problemas propuestos para la Educación Polimodal, que consideramos pueden ser utilizados en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la noción resolución numérica de ecuaciones polinómicas, contemplada en los C.B.C. del mencionado nivel. Las representaciones juegan un rol fundamental en los procesos de construcción de conceptos, por lo que son importantes en la enseñanza, aprendizaje y comunicación del conocimiento matemático (Hitt, 1996). Con este análisis a priori, pretendemos ver cuáles de los registros de representación son de mayor peso para incorporar o darle sentido al concepto: Funciones polinómicas. Raíces de las correspondientes ecuaciones. Tratamos de responder a las preguntas: ¿Cuáles son los distintos registros de representación puestos en juego en la solución de cada problema?. ¿Cómo se suceden?. ¿Cómo aparecen y cuál es la necesidad de su conversión?. ¿Cómo se coordinan en la actividad conceptual? ¿En qué medida la presentación del tema desde una situación problemática es beneficiosa para incorporar y dar sentido a la determinación de las raíces de una ecuación polinómica?.

Aspects of care 5: the continuing educational needs of midwives

This is the fifth in a series of six papers presenting key findings from a national study that was undertaken to investigate the role and responsibilities of midwives and to identify continuing educational need. The background to the study and the titles of the other papers in the series have been outlined in the first paper. This paper focuses on the methods used to identify the continuing educational needs of midwives, and provides an overview of the findings related to midwives' perceived confidence/competence to practice and their continuing educational needs.

Exact colorations of graphs and digraphs

A coloration is an exact regular coloration if whenever two vertices are colored the same they have identically colored neighborhoods. For example, if one of the two vertices that are colored the same is connected to three yellow vertices, two white and red, then the other vertex is as well. Exact regular colorations have been discussed informally in the social network literature. However they have been part of the mathematical literature for some time, though in a different format. We explore this concept in terms of social networks and illustrate some important results taken from the mathematical literature. In addition we show how the concept can be extended to ecological and perfect colorations, and discuss how the CATREGE algorithm can be extended to find the maximal exact regular coloration of a graph.

Predictions of segregation of granular material with the aid of PHYSICA, a 3-D unstructured finite-volume modelling framework

In this paper a continuum model for the prediction of segregation in granular material is presented. The numerical framework, a 3-D, unstructured grid, finite-volume code is described, and the micro-physical parametrizations, which are used to describe the processes and interactions at the microscopic level that lead to segregation, are analysed. Numerical simulations and comparisons with experimental data are then presented and conclusions are drawn on the capability of the model to accurately simulate the behaviour of granular matter during flow.

Levitated liquid droplets in AC and DC magnetic field

Electromagnetic levitation of liquid metal droplets can be used to measure the properties of highly reactive liquid materials. Two independent numerical models, the commercial COMSOL and the spectral-collocation based free surface code SPHINX, have been applied to solve the transient electromagnetic, fluid flow and thermodynamic equations, which describe the levitated liquid motion and heating processes. The SPHINX model incorporates free surface deformation to accurately model the oscillations that result from the interaction between the electromagnetic and gravity forces, temperature dependent surface tension, magnetically controlled turbulent momentum transport. The models are adapted to incorporate periodic laser heating at the top of the droplet, which is used to measure the thermal conductivity of the material. Novel effects in the levitated droplet of magnetically damped turbulence and nonlinear growth of velocities in high DC magnetic field are analysed.

Safe spaces and sense of identity: views and experiences of lesbian, gay and bisexual young people

Empirical data on the life experiences of contemporary school-age lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) young people in Britain remains somewhat sparse. This paper reports the preliminary findings of a study conducted at a recently-initiated LGB youth Summer School. To further an appreciation of issues of concern to today's LGB teenagers, in-depth interviews were conducted with 10 Summer School participants (five female and five male, aged 15-18 years). The aim was to elicit their views and experiences relating to their need for support such as that offered by the Summer School. Themes drawn from participants' interviews are presented. Key issues included: being positioned as different by their majority heterosexual peers; feelings of isolation and loneliness in their peer groups and families; difficulties in finding others like themselves for companionship; and the importance of meeting more LGB people of their own age.

The relationship between internet identification, internet anxiety and internet use

This paper reports a study investigating the relationship between Internet identification, Internet anxiety and Internet use. The participants were 446 students (319 females and 127 males) from two universities in the UK and one university in Australia. Measures of Internet identification and Internet anxiety were developed. The majority of participants were NOT anxious about using the Internet, although there were approximately 8% who showed evidence of Internet anxiety. There was a significant and negative relationship between Internet anxiety and Internet use. Those who were more anxious about using the Internet used the Internet less, although the magnitude of effect was small. There was a positive and significant relationship between Internet use and Internet identification. Those who scored high on the measure of Internet identification used the Internet more than those who did not. There was also a significant and negative relationship between Internet anxiety and Internet identification. Finally, males had a significantly higher Internet identification score than females. Implications of these findings are discussed.

What serious game studios want from ICT research: identifying developers’ needs

Although many scholars recognise the great potential of games for teaching and learning, the EU-based industry for such “serious” games” is highly fragmented and its growth figures remain well behind those of the leisure game market. Serious gaming has been designated as a priority area by the European Commission in its Horizon 2020 Framework Programme for Research and Innovation. The RAGE project, which is funded as part of the Horizon 2020 Programme, is a technology-driven research and innovation project that will make available a series of self-contained gaming software modules that support game studios in the development of serious games. As game studios are a critical factor in the uptake of serious games, the RAGE projects will base its work on their views and needs as to achieve maximum impact. This paper presents the results of a survey among European game studios about their development related needs and expectations. The survey is aimed at identifying a baseline reference for successfully supporting game studios with advanced ICTs for serious games.