Direct and general support and depot maintenance manual : ditching machine, diesel engine driven; wheel mounted; ladder type; 6 ft depth of cut, 24 inch width of cut (Parsons mdl 624VL), FSN 3805-050-4638.

Includes index.

Organizational, DS, GS, and depot maintenance manual including repair parts : light, signal, surveying, 5 in. dia. reflector, grille housing, in carrying case (military design) FSN 6675-641-3537.

"June 1965."

Direct support and general support maintenance repair parts and special tools list ... for quadrant, fire control, M17 (1290-01-037-3883); quadrant, fire control, M18 (1290-01-037-7289); mount, telescope and quadrant ... telescope, panoramic, M137 ... telescope, elbow, M138 (1240-01-038-0530).

"September 1980."

Direct and general support maintenance manual : truck, lift, fork, electric, solid rubber tires, Army model MHE-218, 4,000 lbs. capacity, 100 in. lift, Drexel Dynamics model FL-40-EE-6550, FSN 3930-403-5661, 4,000 lbs. capacity, 180 in. lift, Drexel Dynamics model FL-40-EE-6250, FSN 3930-403-5662.

Includes index.

Organizational maintenance manual : truck, lift, fork, electric, solid rubber tires, 6000-pound capacity, Army model MHE-198, Baker model FTD-060-EE, FSN 3930-724-4057 (130-in. lift), FSN 3930-724-4059 (172-in. lift).

Includes index.

Operator and organizational maintenance manual : truck, lift, fork; diesel engine, pneumatic tired wheels, rough terrain, 6,000 lb. capacity, 24" load center, Anthony model MLT 6-2, Army model MHE-230, NSN 3930-00-327-1575.

Includes index.

Physical oceanography during POLARSTERN cruise ARK-XVIII/1a

In spite of the lack of bottom reaching convection in the Greenland Sea since the 1980s, convection continues to ventilate the Greenland Gyre down to intermediate depth. The variability of this ventilation activity is determined here annually for eight winters according to a multiple criteria catalogue, applied to annual summer conductivity-temperature-depth transects along 75°N. The comparison of the ventilation depths with the meteorological forcing, the ice cover, and the stratification of the water column shows the decisive influence of the hydrographic structure in the upper and intermediate layers. Ice, on the other hand, is not necessary for convection to occur. Ice formation does not even lead to particularly deep convection. A stability maximum, which currently dominates the vertical structure of the water column at medium depth, limits the ventilation depths effectively.

Annotated record of the detailed examination of Mn deposits from ARA Islas Orcadas Cruise 7 core stations

The purpose of this volume, the seventh in a series of similar publications (Goodell, 1964, 1965, 1968; Frakes 1971, 1973 ; Cassidy et al., 1977), is to continue a presentation to the research community of sediment core descriptions and attendant data of cored and otherwise obtained sediments retrieved in waters of the Southern Ocean aboard the research vessel, ARA Islas Orcadas (formerly, USNS Eltanin), as a part of the circumpolar survey begun by Eltanin in 1962 (see issue of Antarctic Journal of the United States, Vol. 8, No. 3, 1973). The data presented herein are concerned with the results of coring activities aboard cruise 0775 of Islas Orcadas, the second marine geology coring cruise of this vessel under the terms of the present United States-Argentine agreement. The core descriptions are organised as follows: 1) a brief summary of the coring objectives of the cruise, together with a discussion of core recovery; 2) a table and map of station location data for materials retrieved; 3) a table of tentative age-dates for each piston core; 4) an explanation of the laboratory procedures and descriptive criteria used in the description of the sediments, and 5) lithologic descriptions of the piston and trigger cores, and the piston and trigger core bag samples.

Biogeochemistry of the Eastern Weddell Gyre

The Southern Ocean (SO) plays a key role in modulating atmospheric CO2 via physical and biological processes. However, over much of the SO, biological activity is iron-limited. New in situ data from the Antarctic zone south of Africa in a region centered at -20°E - 25°E reveal a previously overlooked region of high primary production, comparable in size to the northwest African upwelling region. Here, sea ice together with enclosed icebergs is channeled by prevailing winds to the eastern boundary of the Weddell Gyre, where a sharp transition to warmer waters causes melting. This cumulative melting provides a steady source of iron, fuelling an intense phytoplankton bloom that is not fully captured by monthly satellite production estimates. These findings imply that future changes in sea-ice cover and dynamics could have a significant effect on carbon sequestration in the SO.

Particle size of Saharan dust in the Atlantic Ocean, from October 2012 to November 2013

Mineral dust has a large impact on regional and global climate, depending on its particle size. Especially in the Atlantic Ocean downwind of the Sahara, the largest dust source on earth, the effects can be substantial but are poorly understood. This study focuses on seasonal and spatial variations in particle size of Saharan dust deposition across the Atlantic Ocean, using an array of submarine sediment traps moored along a transect at 12° N. We show that the particle size decreases downwind with increased distance from the Saharan source, due to higher gravitational settling velocities of coarse particles in the atmosphere. Modal grain sizes vary between 4 and 33 µm throughout the different seasons and at five locations along the transect. This is much coarser than previously suggested and incorporated into climate models. In addition, seasonal changes are prominent, with coarser dust in summer, and finer dust in winter and spring. Such seasonal changes are caused by transport at higher altitudes and at greater wind velocities during summer than in winter. Also the latitudinal migration of the dust cloud, associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone, causes seasonal differences in deposition as the summer dust cloud is located more to the north, and more directly above the sampled transect. Furthermore, increased precipitation and more frequent dust storms in summer coincide with coarser dust deposition. Our findings contribute to understanding Saharan dust transport and deposition relevant for the interpretation of sedimentary records for climate reconstructions, as well as for global and regional models for improved prediction of future climate.

Polymorphisms in glutathione S-transferases and non-melanoma skin cancer risk in Australian renal transplant recipients

Caucasian renal transplant recipients from Queensland, Australia have the highest non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) risk worldwide. Although ultraviolet light (UVR) exposure is critical, genetic factors also appear important. We and others have shown that polymorphism in the glutathione S-transferases (GST) is associated with NMSC in UK recipients. However, the effect of high UVR exposure and differences in immunosuppressive regimen on these associations is unknown. In this study, we examined allelism in GSTM1, GSTM3, GSTT1 and GSTP1 in 361 Queensland renal transplant recipients. Data on squamous (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC), UVR/tobacco exposure and genotype were obtained. Associations with both NMSC risk and numbers were examined using logistic and negative binomial regression, respectively. In the total group, GSTM1 AB [P = 0.049, rate ratio (RR) = 0.23] and GSTM3 AA (P = 0.015, RR = 0.50) were associated with fewer SCC. Recipients were then stratified by prednisolone dose (less than or equal to7 versus >7 mg/day). In the low-dose group, GSTT1 null (P = 0.006, RR = 0.20) and GSTP1 Val/Val (P = 0.021, RR = 0.20) were associated with SCC numbers. In contrast, in the high-dose group, GSTM1 AB (P = 0.009, RR = 0.05), GSTM3 AB (P = 0.042, RR = 2.29) and BB (P = 0.014, RR = 5.31) and GSTP1 Val/Val (P = 0.036, RR = 2.98) were associated with SCC numbers. GSTM1 AB (P = 0.016) and GSTP1 Val/Val (P = 0.046) were also associated with fewer BCC in this group. GSTP1 associations were strongest in recipients with lower UVR/tobacco exposure. The data confirm our UK findings, suggesting that protection against UVR-induced oxidative stress is important in NMSC development in recipients, but that this effect depends on the immunosuppressant regimen.

An evaluation of potential mechanism-based inactivation of human drug metabolizing cytochromes P450 by monoamine oxidase inhibitors, including isoniazid

To characterize potential mechanism-based inactivation (MBI) of major human drug-metabolizing cytochromes P450 (CYP) by monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, including the antitubercular drug isoniazid. Human liver microsomal CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A activities were investigated following co- and preincubation with MAO inhibitors. Inactivation kinetic constants (K-I and k(inact)) were determined where a significant preincubation effect was observed. Spectral studies were conducted to elucidate the mechanisms of inactivation. Hydrazine MAO inhibitors generally exhibited greater inhibition of CYP following preincubation, whereas this was less frequent for the propargylamines, and tranylcypromine and moclobemide. Phenelzine and isoniazid inactivated all CYP but were most potent toward CYP3A and CYP2C19. Respective inactivation kinetic constants (K-I and k(inact)) for isoniazid were 48.6 mu M and 0.042 min(-1) and 79.3 mu M and 0.039 min(-1). Clorgyline was a selective inactivator of CYP1A2 (6.8 mu M and 0.15 min(-1)). Inactivation of CYP was irreversible, consistent with metabolite-intermediate complexation for isoniazid and clorgyline, and haeme destruction for phenelzine. With the exception of phenelzine-mediated CYP3A inactivation, glutathione and superoxide dismutase failed to protect CYP from inactivation by isoniazid and phenelzine. Glutathione partially slowed (17%) the inactivation of CYP1A2 by clorgyline. Alternate substrates or inhibitors generally protected against CYP inactivation. These data are consistent with mechanism-based inactivation of human drug-metabolizing CYP enzymes and suggest that impaired metabolic clearance may contribute to clinical drug-drug interactions with some MAO inhibitors.

Stoichiometric and kinetic characterisation of Nitrobacter in mixed culture by decoupling the growth and energy generation processes

The growth, maintenance and lysis processes of Nitrobacter were characterised. A Nitrobacter culture was enriched in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Fluorescent in situ hybridisation showed that Nitrobacter constituted 73% of the bacterial population. Batch tests were carried out to measure the oxygen uptake rate and/or nitrite consumption rate when both nitrite and CO2 were in excess, and in the absence of either of these two substrates. The results obtained, along with the SBR performance data, allowed the determination of the maintenance coefficient and in situ cell lysis rate of Nitrobacter. Nitrobacter spends a significant amount of energy for maintenance, which varies considerably with the specific growth rate. At maximum growth, Nitrobacter consume nitrite at a rate of 0.042 mgN/mgCOD(biomass)center dot h for maintenance purposes, which increases more than threefold to 0.143 mgN/mgCOD(biomass)center dot h in the absence of growth. In the SBR, where Nitrobacter grew at 40% of its maximum growth rate, a maintenance coefficient of 0.113 mgN/mgCOD center dot h was found, resulting in 42% of the total amount of nitrite being consumed for maintenance. The above three maintenance coefficient values obtained at different growth rates appear to support the maintenance model proposed in Pirt (1982). The in situ lysis rate of Nitrobacter was determined to be 0.07/day under aerobic conditions at 22 C and pH 7.3. Further, the maximum specific growth rate of Nitrobacter was estimated to be 0.02/h (0.48/day). The affinity constant of Nitrobacter with respect to nitrite was determined to be 1.50 mgNO(2)(-)-N/L, independent of the presence or absence of CO2. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The development of a regional energy assessment model

Shropshire Energy Team initiated this study to examine consumption and associated emissions in the predominantly rural county of Shropshire. Current use of energy is not sustainable in the long term and there are various approaches to dealing with the environmental problems it creates. Energy planning by a local authority for a sustainable future requires detailed energy consumption and environmental information. This information would enable target setting and the implementation of policies designed to encourage energy efficiency improvements and exploitation of renewable energy resources. This could aid regeneration strategies by providing new employment opportunities. Associated reductions in carbon dioxide and other emissions would help to meet national and international environmental targets. In the absence of this detailed information, the objective was to develop a methodology to assess energy consumption and emissions on a regional basis from 1990 onwards for all local planning authorities. This would enable a more accurate assessment of the relevant issues, such that plans are more appropriate and longer lasting. A first comprehensive set of data has been gathered from a wide range of sources and a strong correlation was found between population and energy consumption for a variety of regions across the UK. In this case the methodology was applied to the county of Shropshire to give, for the first time, estimates of primary fuel consumption, electricity consumption and associated emissions in Shropshire for 1990 to 2025. The estimates provide a suitable baseline for assessing the potential contribution renewable energy could play in meeting electricity demand in the country and in reducing emissions. The assessment indicated that in 1990 total primary fuel consumption was 63,518,018 GJ/y increasing to 119,956,465 GJ/y by 2025. This is associated with emissions of 1,129,626 t/y of carbon in 1990 rising to 1,303,282 t/y by 2025. In 1990, 22,565,713 GJ/y of the primary fuel consumption was used for generating electricity rising to 23,478,050 GJ/y in 2025. If targets to reduce primary fuel consumption are reached, then emissions of carbon would fall to 1,042,626 by 2025, if renewable energy targets were also reached then emissions of carbon would fall to 988,638 t/y by 2025.

Crystallographic studies of magnetite and titanomaghemite

The crystal structure of natural magnetite has been investigated on the basis of previously published X-ray intensity data and a newly acquired, more extensive data base. Both investigations show that the structure does not conform to the centrosymmetrical space group Fd3m, as is normally assumed, but the non-centrosymmetrical space group F43m. The structure refinement provides values for the atom positions, anisotropic thermal parameters and bond lengths. A study of Friedel related pairs of X-ray intensities shows that Friedel's law is violated in magnetite, further confirming that the space group is non-centrosymmetrical. It was found that the octahedral site cations in magnetite do not occupy special positions at the centres of the octahedral interstices as they should under the space group Fd3m, but are displaced along <111 > directions leading to F43m symmetry. A mechanism is known for the origin of these displacements and the likelihood of similar displacements occurring in other natural and synthetic spinels is discussed. The crystal structure of a natural titanomaghemite was determined by a combination of X-ray diffraction and Mõssbauer spectroscopy. This was confirmed as possessing a primitive cubic Bravais lattice with the space group P4332 and the structural formula: Fe3+.0.96 0 0.04 [Fe2+0.23 Fe3+0.99 Ti4+0.42 0 0.37 ] 042 - where 0 represents a cation vacancy. As the above formula shows, there are cation vacancies on both tetrahedral arrl octahedral sites, the majority being restricted to octahedral sltes. No tetrahedral site Fe2+ or Ti4+ was observed. Values for the atom positions, anisotropic thermal parameters and bond lengths have been determined for this particular specimen.