Particle size of Saharan dust in the Atlantic Ocean, from October 2012 to November 2013

Autoria(s): van der Does, Michèlle; Korte, Laura F; Munday, Chris I; Brummer, Geert-Jan A; Stuut, Jan-Berend W
Cobertura

MEDIAN LATITUDE: 12.381000 * MEDIAN LONGITUDE: -34.166000 * SOUTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 12.000000 * WEST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -57.040000 * NORTH-BOUND LATITUDE: 13.810000 * EAST-BOUND LONGITUDE: -23.000000 * DATE/TIME START: 2012-10-07T12:18:00 * DATE/TIME END: 2013-10-30T12:00:00
Data(s)

14/07/2016
Resumo

Mineral dust has a large impact on regional and global climate, depending on its particle size. Especially in the Atlantic Ocean downwind of the Sahara, the largest dust source on earth, the effects can be substantial but are poorly understood. This study focuses on seasonal and spatial variations in particle size of Saharan dust deposition across the Atlantic Ocean, using an array of submarine sediment traps moored along a transect at 12° N. We show that the particle size decreases downwind with increased distance from the Saharan source, due to higher gravitational settling velocities of coarse particles in the atmosphere. Modal grain sizes vary between 4 and 33 µm throughout the different seasons and at five locations along the transect. This is much coarser than previously suggested and incorporated into climate models. In addition, seasonal changes are prominent, with coarser dust in summer, and finer dust in winter and spring. Such seasonal changes are caused by transport at higher altitudes and at greater wind velocities during summer than in winter. Also the latitudinal migration of the dust cloud, associated with the Intertropical Convergence Zone, causes seasonal differences in deposition as the summer dust cloud is located more to the north, and more directly above the sampled transect. Furthermore, increased precipitation and more frequent dust storms in summer coincide with coarser dust deposition. Our findings contribute to understanding Saharan dust transport and deposition relevant for the interpretation of sedimentary records for climate reconstructions, as well as for global and regional models for improved prediction of future climate.
Formato

application/zip, 6 datasets
Identificador

https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.863030

doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.863030
Idioma(s)

en
Publicador

PANGAEA
Relação

Stuut, Jan-Berend W; Boersen, Barry; Brück, Matthias; Hansen, Akio; Koster, Bob; van der Does, Michèlle; Witte, Yvo (2014): TRAFFIC: Transatlantic fluxes of Saharan dust - Cruise No. M89 - October 3 - October 25, 2012 - Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Spain) - Cristobal (Panama). METEOR-Berichte, DFG-Senatskommission für Ozeanographie, M89, 30 pp, doi:10.2312/cr_m89

Stuut, Jan-Berend W; Brummer, Geert-Jan A; van der Does, Michèlle; Friese, Carmen; Geerken, Esmee; van der Heide, Roald; Korte, Laura F; Koster, Bob; Metcalfe, Brett; Munday, Chris I; van Ooijen, Jan C; Siccha, Michael; Veldhuizen, Ronald; de Visser, Jan-Dirk; Witte, Yvo; Wuis, Leon (2014): Cruise Report and preliminary results - TRAFFIC II: Transatlantic fluxes of Saharan dust - Cruise No. 64PE378 - 9 November - 6 December 2013 - Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Spain) - St Maarten. Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, 50 pp, hdl:10013/epic.48173.d001

Setup of mooring 13M1 - 13M5 (URI: hdl:10013/epic.48173.d006)
Direitos

CC-BY-NC-ND: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported

Access constraints: unrestricted
Fonte

Supplement to: van der Does, Michèlle; Korte, Laura F; Munday, Chris I; Brummer, Geert-Jan A; Stuut, Jan-Berend W (2016): Particle size traces modern Saharan dust transport and deposition across the equatorial North Atlantic. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, in review, 27 pp, doi:10.5194/acp-2016-344
Palavras-Chave #>63 µm; 0.412-0.375 µm, mean: 0.393 µm; 0.452-0.412 µm, mean: 0.431 µm; 0.496-0.452 µm, mean: 0.474 µm; 0.545-0.496 µm, mean: 0.520 µm; 0.598-0.545 µm, mean: 0.571 µm; 0.656-0.598 µm, mean: 0.627 µm; 0.721-0.656 µm, mean: 0.688 µm; 0.791-0.721 µm, mean: 0.755 µm; 0.868-0.791 µm, mean: 0.829 µm; 0.953-0.868 µm, mean: 0.910 µm; 1.047-0.953 µm, mean: 0.999 µm; 1.149-1.047 µm, mean: 1.097 µm; 1.261-1.149 µm, mean: 1.204 µm; 1.385-1.261 µm, mean: 1.321 µm; 1.520-1.385 µm, mean: 1.451 µm; 1.668-1.520 µm, mean: 1.592 µm; 1.832-1.668 µm, mean: 1.748 µm; 10.777-9.817 µm, mean: 10.286 µm; 101.096-92.092 µm, mean: 96.489 µm; 1041.03-948.322 µm, mean: 993.595 µm; 11.831-10.777 µm, mean: 11.292 µm; 110.979-101.096 µm, mean: 105.922 µm; 1142.81-1041.03 µm, mean: 1090.733 µm; 12.988-11.831 µm, mean: 12.396 µm; 121.829-110.979 µm, mean: 116.278 µm; 1254.54-1142.81 µm, mean: 1197.372 µm; 133.740-121.829 µm, mean: 127.646 µm; 1377.19-1254.54 µm, mean: 1314.435 µm; 14.257-12.988 µm, mean: 13.608 µm; 146.815-133.740 µm, mean: 140.125 µm; 15.651-14.257 µm, mean: 14.938 µm; 1511.83-1377.19 µm, mean: 1442.940 µm; 161.168-146.815 µm, mean: 153.824 µm; 1659.63-1511.83 µm, mean: 1584.007 µm; 17.181-15.651 µm, mean: 16.398 µm; 176.925-161.168 µm, mean: 168.863 µm; 18.861-17.181 µm, mean: 18.002 µm; 1821.88-1659.63 µm, mean: 1738.864 µm; 194.222-176.925 µm, mean: 185.372 µm; 2.011-1.832 µm, mean: 1.919 µm; 2.207-2.011 µm, mean: 2.107 µm; 2.423-2.207 µm, mean: 2.313 µm; 2.660-2.423 µm, mean: 2.539 µm; 2.920-2.660 µm, mean: 2.787 µm; 20.705-18.861 µm, mean: 19.762 µm; 2000.00-1821.88 µm, mean: 1908.864 µm; 213.210-194.222 µm, mean: 203.495 µm; 22.729-20.705 µm, mean: 21.694 µm; 234.054-213.210 µm, mean: 223.389 µm; 24.951-22.729 µm, mean: 23.814 µm; 256.936-234.054 µm, mean: 245.228 µm; 27.391-24.951 µm, mean: 26.143 µm; 282.056-256.936 µm, mean: 269.203 µm; 3.205-2.920 µm, mean: 3.059 µm; 3.519-3.205 µm, mean: 3.358 µm; 3.863-3.519 µm, mean: 3.687 µm; 30.069-27.391 µm, mean: 28.698 µm; 309.631-282.056 µm, mean: 295.522 µm; 33.008-30.069 µm, mean: 31.504 µm; 339.902-309.631 µm, mean: 324.414 µm; 36.235-33.008 µm, mean: 34.584 µm; 373.132-339.902 µm, mean: 356.130 µm; 39.778-36.235 µm, mean: 37.965 µm; 4.240-3.863 µm, mean: 4.047 µm; 4.655-4.240 µm, mean: 4.443 µm; 409.611-373.132 µm, mean: 390.946 µm; 43.667-39.778 µm, mean: 41.677 µm; 449.657-409.611 µm, mean: 429.167 µm; 47.936-43.667 µm, mean: 45.751 µm; 493.617-449.657 µm, mean: 471.125 µm; 5.110-4.655 µm, mean: 4.877 µm; 5.610-5.110 µm, mean: 5.354 µm; 52.622-47.936 µm, mean: 50.224 µm; 541.876-493.617 µm, mean: 517.184 µm; 57.767-52.622 µm, mean: 55.134 µm; 594.852-541.876 µm, mean: 567.746 µm; 6.158-5.610 µm, mean: 5.878 µm; 6.760-6.158 µm, mean: 6.452 µm; 63.414-57.767 µm, mean: 60.525 µm; 653.008-594.852 µm, mean: 623.252 µm; 69.614-63.414 µm, mean: 66.442 µm; 7.421-6.760 µm, mean: 7.083 µm; 716.849-653.008 µm, mean: 684.184 µm; 76.420-69.614 µm, mean: 72.937 µm; 786.932-716.849 µm, mean: 751.074 µm; 8.147-7.421 µm, mean: 7.775 µm; 8.943-8.147 µm, mean: 8.536 µm; 83.891-76.420 µm, mean: 80.068 µm; 863.866-786.932 µm, mean: 824.502 µm; 9.817-8.943 µm, mean: 9.370 µm; 92.092-83.891 µm, mean: 87.896 µm; 948.322-863.866 µm, mean: 905.109 µm; at seafloor; Calculated; Date/Time; DATE/TIME; Depth; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DEPTH, water; Depth water; Duration; Duration, number of days; End; Event; Fall 2012 - September, October and November (SON); Fraction; grain size: 0.042 µm; grain size: 0.046 µm; grain size: 0.050 µm; grain size: 0.055 µm; grain size: 0.061 µm; grain size: 0.067 µm; grain size: 0.073 µm; grain size: 0.080 µm; grain size: 0.088 µm; grain size: 0.097 µm; grain size: 0.107 µm; grain size: 0.117 µm; grain size: 0.128 µm; grain size: 0.141 µm; grain size: 0.155 µm; grain size: 0.170 µm; grain size: 0.186 µm; grain size: 0.204 µm; grain size: 0.224 µm; grain size: 0.246 µm; grain size: 0.271 µm; grain size: 0.297 µm; grain size: 0.326 µm; grain size: 0.358 µm; grain size: 0.393 µm; grain size: 0.432 µm; grain size: 0.473 µm; grain size: 0.520 µm; grain size: 0.571 µm; grain size: 0.627 µm; grain size: 0.688 µm; grain size: 0.755 µm; grain size: 0.829 µm; grain size: 0.911 µm; grain size: 0.999 µm; grain size: 1.097 µm; grain size: 1.204 µm; grain size: 1.322 µm; grain size: 1.451 µm; grain size: 1.593 µm; grain size: 1.749 µm; grain size: 1.919 µm; grain size: 10.288 µm; grain size: 105.934 µm; grain size: 1090.808 µm; grain size: 11.293 µm; grain size: 116.275 µm; grain size: 1197.692 µm; grain size: 12.396 µm; grain size: 127.611 µm; grain size: 13.610 µm; grain size: 1314.585 µm; grain size: 14.939 µm; grain size: 140.097 µm; grain size: 1442.922 µm; grain size: 153.832 µm; grain size: 1584.273 µm; grain size: 16.397 µm; grain size: 168.868 µm; grain size: 1739.115 µm; grain size: 18.000 µm; grain size: 185.348 µm; grain size: 19.763 µm; grain size: 1908.926 µm; grain size: 2.107 µm; grain size: 2.313 µm; grain size: 2.539 µm; grain size: 2.787 µm; grain size: 203.478 µm; grain size: 21.697 µm; grain size: 223.406 µm; grain size: 23.814 µm; grain size: 245.235 µm; grain size: 26.142 µm; grain size: 269.205 µm; grain size: 28.699 µm; grain size: 295.530 µm; grain size: 3.060 µm; grain size: 3.359 µm; grain size: 3.687 µm; grain size: 31.506 µm; grain size: 324.396 µm; grain size: 34.587 µm; grain size: 356.113 µm; grain size: 37.969 µm; grain size: 390.924 µm; grain size: 4.048 µm; grain size: 4.444 µm; grain size: 4.878 µm; grain size: 41.680 µm; grain size: 429.182 µm; grain size: 45.755 µm; grain size: 471.139 µm; grain size: 5.355 µm; grain size: 5.879 µm; grain size: 50.230 µm; grain size: 517.186 µm; grain size: 55.140 µm; grain size: 567.782 µm; grain size: 6.453 µm; grain size: 60.529 µm; grain size: 623.273 µm; grain size: 66.448 µm; grain size: 684.204 µm; grain size: 7.084 µm; grain size: 7.777 µm; grain size: 72.946 µm; grain size: 751.085 µm; grain size: 8.537 µm; grain size: 80.078 µm; grain size: 824.502 µm; grain size: 87.904 µm; grain size: 9.371 µm; grain size: 905.117 µm; grain size: 96.495 µm; grain size: 993.569 µm; Label; Mid date; Mode; Mode, grain size; Sample code/label; Size fraction; Size fraction > 0.063 mm, sand; Spring 2013 - March, April and May (MAM); Start; Summer 2013 - June, July and August (JJA); Winter 2012/2013 - December, January and February (DJF)
Tipo

Dataset
Acesso ao item digital