Micro-CT based characterisation of changes to the vascular network following closed soft tissue trauma and cryotherapy

This project has investigated how the architecture of the blood vessels supplying nutrients to skeletal muscles is affected by muscle contusion injuries, and how it changes during healing with or without initial treatment of the injury by icing. In order to do this, we used contrast agents to visualise blood vessels in 3D with micro-computed tomography imaging. This research significantly contributes to the fields of orthopaedics, traumatology and sports medicine, as it improves our understanding of muscle contusion injuries. Furthermore, the methods developed in this thesis may help to improve the diagnosis and monitoring of these injuries.

Ballistic Trauma in Finland : An Epidemiologic and Clinical Study of Firearm and Explosion Injuries

The occurrence and nature of civilian firearm- and explosion-injuries in Finland, and the nature of severe gunshot injuries of the extremities were described in seven original articles. The main data sources used were the National Hospital Discharge Register, the Cause-of-Death Register, and the Archive of Death Certificates at Statistics Finland. The present study was population based. Epidemiologic methods were used in six and clinical analyses in five papers. In these clinical studies, every original hospital record and death certificate was critically analyzed. The trend of hospitalized firearm injuries has slightly declined in Finland from the late 1980s to the early 2000s. The occurrence decreased from 5.1 per 100 000 person-years in 1990 to 2.6 in 2003. The decline was found in the unintentional firearm injuries. A high incidence of unintentional injuries by firearms was characteristic of the country, while violence and homicides by firearms represented a minor problem. The incidence of fatal non-suicidal firearm injuries has been stable, 1.8 cases per 100 000 person-years. Suicides using firearms were eight times more common during the period studied. This is contrary to corresponding reports from many other countries. However, the use of alcohol and illegal drugs or substances was detected in as many as one-third of the injuries studied. The median length of hospitalization was three days and it was significantly associated (p<0.001) with the type of injury. The mean length of hospital stay has decreased from the 1980s to the early 2000s. In this study, there was a special interest in gunshot injuries of the extremities. From a clinical point of view, the nature of severe extremital gunshot wounds, as well as the primary operative approach in their management, varied. The patients with severe injuries of this kind were managed at university and central hospital emergency departments, by general surgeons in smaller hospitals and by cardiothoracic or vascular surgeons in larger hospitals. Injuries were rarities and as such challenges for surgeons on call. Some noteworthy aspects of the management were noticed and these should be focused on in the future. On the other hand, the small population density and the relatively large geographic area of Finland do not favor high volume, centralized trauma management systems. However, experimental war surgery has been increasingly taught in the country from the 1990s, and excellent results could be expected during the present decade. Epidemiologically, explosion injuries can be considered a minor problem in Finland at present, but their significance should not be underestimated. Fatal explosion injuries showed up sporadically. An increase occurred from 2002 to 2004 for no obvius reason. However, in view of the historical facts, a possibility for another rare major explosion involving several people might become likely within the next decade. The national control system of firearms is mainly based on the new legislations from 1998 and 2002. However, as shown in this study, there is no reason to assume that the national hospitalization policies, or the political climate, or the legislation might have changed over the study period and influenced the declining development, at least not directly. Indeed, the reason for the decline to appear in the incidence of unintentional injuries only remains unclear. It may derive from many practical steps, e.g. locked firearm cases, or from the stability of the community itself. For effective reduction of firearm-related injuries, preventive measures, such as education and counseling, should be targeted at recreational firearm users. To sum up, this study showed that the often reported increasing trend in firearm as well as explosion-related injuries has not manifested in Finland. Consequently, it can be recognized that, overall, the Finnish legislation together with the various strategies have succeeded in preventing firearm- and explosion-related injuries in the country.

Stone baby: An exploration of affect and trauma in visual art

Stone Baby: An Exploration of Affect and Trauma in Visual Art was held at the Block, QUT Creative Industries Precinct on August 27-28, 2014. At the conclusion of my Masters project, this exhibition was a showcase of the outcomes of my material and digital explorations in the form of installation, sculpture and film. My primary motivation can be described as a relational and ethical attempt to find a balance between the erotic and the aggressive. This is experienced in the self as feelings of attraction and repulsion in response to the new and unknown "other". Consequently creative practice is necessarily a complex affair that is experienced as a completely immersive and self-contained psychological space. It is within this space that both physical sensation and raw emotion are able to tangibly and conceptually interact with psychoanalytic theory, and concrete materials video and sound.

The prevalence and correlates of childhood trauma in patients with early psychosis

Objective: To describe the prevalence and demographic, clinical and functional correlates of childhood trauma in patients attending early psychosis clinics. Method: Participants were recruited from outpatients attending four early psychosis services. Exposure to childhood trauma was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Psychopathology was measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Social and vocational functioning and substance use were also assessed. Results: Over three-quarters of the 100 patients reported exposure to any childhood trauma. Emotional, physical and sexual abuse were reported by 54%, 23% and 28% of patients, respectively, while 49% and 42% of patients reported emotional and physical neglect, respectively. Female participants were significantly more likely to be exposed to emotional and sexual abuse. Exposure to childhood trauma was correlated with positive psychotic symptoms and higher levels of depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms; however, it had no impact on social or vocational functioning or recent substance use. Conclusion: Exposure to childhood trauma was common in patients with early psychosis, and associated with increased symptomatology. Existing recommendations that standard clinical assessment of patients with early psychosis should include inquiry into exposure to childhood trauma are supported.

Cultural Trauma and Life Stories

The purpose of this work is to use the concepts of human time and cultural trauma in a biographical study of the turning points in the recent history of Estonia. This research is primarily based on 148 in-depth biographical interviews conducted in Estonia and Sweden in 1995-2005, supplemented by excerpts from 5 collections and 10 individually published autobiographies. The main body of the thesis consists of six published and of two forthcoming separate refereed articles, summarised in the theoretical introduction, and Appendix of the full texts of three particular life stories. The topic of the first article is the generational composition and the collective action frames of anti-Soviet social mobilisation in Estonia in 1940-1990. The second article details the differentiation of the rites of passage and the calendar traditions as a strategy to adapt to the rapidly changed political realities, comparatively in Soviet Estonia and among the boat-refugees in Sweden. The third article investigates the life stories of the double-minded strategic generation of the Estonian-inclined Communists, who attempted to work within the Soviet system while professing to uphold the ideals of pre-war Estonia. The fourth article is concentrated on the problems of double mental standards as a coping strategy in a contradictory social reality. The fifth article implements the theory of cultural trauma for the social practice of singing nationalism in Estonia. The sixth article bridges the ideas of Russian theoreticians concerning cultural dialogue and the Western paradigm of cultural trauma, with examples from Estonian Russian life stories. The seventh article takes a biographical look at the logic of the unraveling of cultural trauma through four Soviet decades. The eighth article explores the re-shaping of citizen activities as a strategy of coping with the loss of the independent nation state, comparatively in Soviet Estonia and among Swedish Estonians. Cultural trauma is interpreted as the re-ordering of the society s value-normative constellation due to sharp, violent, usually political events. The first one under consideration was caused by the occupations of the Republic of Estonia by the Soviet army in 1940-45. After half a century of suppression the memories of these events resurfaced as different stories describing the long-term, often inter-generational strategies of coping with the value collapse. The second cultural trauma is revealed together with the collapse of the Soviet power and ideology in Estonia in 1991. According to empirical data, the following three trauma discourses have been reconstructed: - the forced adaptation to Soviet order of the homeland Estonians; - the difficulty of preserving Estonian identity in exile (Sweden); - the identity crisis of the Russian population of Estonia. Comparative analyses of these discourses have shown that opposing experiences and worldviews cause conflicting interpretations of the past. Different social and ethnic groups consider coping with cultural trauma as a matter of self-defence and create appropriate usable pasts to identify with. Keywords: human time, cultural trauma, frame analysis, discourse, life stories

Estatuto de defesa do torcedor e legislação correlata

Lei no 10.671, de 15 de maio de 2003, que dispõe sobre o Estatuto de Defesa do Torcedor, e legislação correlata.

As frentes parlamentares e a cultura política em defesa dos direitos humanos

Consultoria Legislativa - Área II - Direito Civil e Processual Civil, Direito Penal e Processual Penal, de Família, do Autor, de Sucessões, Internacional Privado.

A palavra como arma : análise do discurso do deputado Mário Covas em defesa da imunidade parlamentar

Questionada em momentos críticos, a imunidade parlamentar é uma das condições essenciais para o bom funcionamento do Legislativo. É isso que se argumenta no pronunciamento do Deputado Mário Covas, de 12 de dezembro de 1968, escolhido por nós para análise por ser um marco na defesa da imunidade parlamentar. O estudo parte de uma leitura do contexto histórico do pronunciamento e de algumas propostas de análise de discurso formuladas por Norman Fairclough, Patrick Charaudeau e, de análise retórica, por Tereza Lúcia Halliday, além da tradição aristotélica. A análise do pronunciamento reconstitui os elementos caracterizadores da enunciação - os antecedentes imediatos, a composição da audiência e o ritual daquela reunião legislativa - e os principais recursos discursivos utilizados - a estrutura do texto, a composição estilística e o ethos do orador. Ao final do trabalho, demonstra-se a importância de garantir a liberdade de palavra, de opiniões e votos, principal ingrediente de qualquer regime democrático.

Cumprimento dos prazos regimentais de relatoria nas comissões permanentes : o caso da Comissão de Defesa do Consumidor

Investiga os fatores que interferem no não cumprimento dos prazos de relatoria. A partir de dados coletados no período de 2004 a 2008, buscou evidências empíricas para comprovar a hipótese de que variando certos dispositivos regimentais se alteraria a porcentagem de descumprimento. Para contextualizar a matéria, apresenta breve histórico da origem do Parlamento e sua organização no Brasil, dando ênfase à Câmara dos Deputados e suas Comissões Permanentes. A pesquisa revelou um comportamento padrão no cumprimento dos prazos de relatoria, independentemente do dispositivo regimental analisado.

Os atos interna corporis e as minorias parlamentares : análise sobre a legitimidade do controle judicial em defesa dos direitos de atuação das minorias parlamentares

A partir de um estudo doutrinário e jurisprudencial, justifica a necessidade de controlar judicialmente os chamados atos interna corporis, quando se objetiva proteger os direitos de atuação das minorias parlamentares. A relevância do tema está no fato de abordar o papel das minorias parlamentares no Estado Democrático de Direito, assunto ainda não muito aprofundado pela doutrina brasileira. Para isso, utiliza como marco teórico o modelo de democracia procedimental proposto por Habermas, que ressalta a importância de se assegurar os pressupostos comunicativos e procedimentais que viabilizam a formação democrática da norma legítima. Estuda também o princípio democrático e, dele decorrente, a relação existente entre os princípios majoritário e minoritário, além de analisar o valor jurídico dos regimentos internos, grande fonte das regras do processo legislativo e dos direitos de oposição política dentro do parlamento. Trata também do conceito de oposição política, as de suas principais funções e estratégias. Em relação aos atos interna corporis, apresenta o contexto histórico em que surgiram e a forma com que a doutrina brasileira analisa essa questão, tendo como parâmetro a proteção ao princípio da separação dos poderes. Além disso, como a questão dos atos interna corporis e direitos das minorias parlamentares baseia-se essencialmente na aplicação dos princípios da separação dos poderes e democrático, explica-se a forma com que se dá uma interpretação principiológica. Recorre-se aos discursos de legitimação e aplicação de Habermas para apresentar os limites que o Poder Judiciário deve obedecer para controlar atos do Poder Legislativo sem invadir sua competência. Nesse mesmo sentido, utiliza-se da teoria sistêmica para distinguir o sistema político e o sistema jurídico, em virtude de suas funções e códigos. Por fim, outro objetivo foi mostrar como o Supremo Tribunal Federal enfrente a questão tema deste trabalho, e a mudança de posicionamento da Suprema Corte com a decisão proferida no Mandado de Segurança nº 22. 831, que garantiu às minorias parlamentares no Senado Federal a instalação da comissão parlamentar de inquérito conhecida como "CPI dos Bingos" e reconheceu o "estatuto constitucional das minorias parlamentares".

Legislação brasileira de proteção e defesa do consumidor

Lei nº 8.078, de 11 de setembro de 1990, que dispõe sobre a proteção do consumidor e dá outras providências, e legislação correlata

El arte como mediador entre el artista y el trauma. Acercamientos al arte desde el psicoanalisis y la escultura de Louise Bourgeois

411 p. : il., col.