Formação de professores: a aprendizagem baseada em problemas e sua contribuição para o desempenho do professor na sala de aula

O Aprendizado Baseado em Problemas (ABP) é apontado como ferramenta importante para ensinar os alunos a aprender por si mesmos. O objetivo deste trabalho é investigar de que forma a ABP pode contribuir para a formação de professores. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo de caso dedicado a avaliar o uso da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas em Curso de Férias direcionado à redescoberta da anatomia e fisiologia de animais com estilos de vida contrastantes. Participaram do estudo alunos e professores do Ensino Médio, alunos do Ensino Superior do Curso de Licenciatura em Biologia e monitores alunos do Curso de Medicina. Foram feitas análises qualitativas e quantitativas a partir dos dados obtidos por questionários e entrevistas semi-estruturadas, realizadas com alunos, professores e monitores. Os resultados das análises revelaram que ela contribui definitivamente para a formação do professor reflexivo assim como promove maior envolvimento e motivação dos alunos e professores com o curso assim como para a possibilidade de sua utilização imediata no ensino médio e superior na Amazônia, a despeito das restrições atuais de infraestrutura.

Autoavaliação e avaliação entre pares no desenvolvimento de projetos orientados pela aprendizagem baseada em problemas: a percepção de estudantes universitários

The study takes as its object the evaluation process of a graduation discipline at the School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo (USP), developed through the methodology of Problem Based Learning (PBL). We consider three distinct and complementary aspects: procedural review (partial and final) student peer assessment and self-assessment. The sample consisted of 17 students from the undergraduate courses. Data collection occurred in two stages through questionnaires with open and closed questions. The qualitativeinterpretative analysis allowed two comparisons: cross (intra-step) and longitudinal (inter-steps). The results point to a trend of students evaluating objective aspects of the work as well as to overcome some difficulties in the development of the project.

O uso da aprendizagem baseada em problemas e a atuação docente

Recent national education policy documents have emphasized the importance of methodologies and problem-centered learning processes. The purpose of this article is to promote reflection on the problem-based learning (PBL) understood as a methodology that favors learning processes and the active role of students. PBL emerged in undergraduate medical and has been gaining ground not only in higher education but also in basic education. This conception of teaching-learning breaks with the traditional relationship teacher-student- knowledge, introducing new dynamics of relationships between subjects and those with knowledge. From this perspective the educational performance turns and brings new challenges to the teacher.

Reanimação neonatal: capacitação de profissionais de saúde com base na aprendizagem baseada em problemas

In whole world, including in Brazil, there is an absence of professionals who are able to be present at the moment of birth and give to the newborn the cares that they need to because either an absence of opportunity or inappropriate training to those professionals. This master´s thesis describes a construction and application of a neonatal resuscitation course that uses the problem based learning (PBL) methodology. The course has done in two meetings, one for the tutorial session, and another for practice session. The students were divided in groups of eight students each, under supervision of two teachers with experience in PBL methodology. The experience was considered successfully because there were students involvement and motivation. Some course aspects were rebuilt for its upgrading, like the correct use of methodology and building of custom educational material for students learning necessity. It suggests that the course can be used by the medical and nursing schools and perhaps other kind of health courses.

Aplicação das ciências forenses no ensino secundário: um conjunto de actividades para a disciplina de Física e Química A

A popularidade das séries televisivas que abordam as Ciências Forenses (CSI 1 Mentes Criminosas, Casos Arquivados...) permite construir actividades que envolvem os alunos numa exploração científica de modo a que dominem os conceitos e apreciem a natureza da Ciência. Estes recursos educativos aplicam uma abordagem Ciência­ Tecnologia-Sociedade -Pensamento Crítico (CTS-PC) e podem ser explorados segundo uma metodologia de Aprendizagem Baseada na Resolução de Problemas (ABRP). Neste trabalho são propostas actividades laboratoriais, a decorrer no contexto formal das aulas da disciplina de Física e Química A (FQ·A), utilizando sensores e a calculadora gráfica. Num contexto não-formal, e baseadas nas técnicas analíticas utilizadas em Ciências Forenses, foram desenvolvidas actividades para um Clube de Ciência ou Laboratórios Abertos, complementadas por um blogue (CSI-Mafra). Estes recursos foram posteriormente partilhados com outros professores de Física e Química, numa acção de formação, proposta pela autora, e cujo objectivo principal foi a diversificação das estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem. O entusiasmo dos alunos na realização das tarefas propostas e os resultados nos questionários de grau de satisfação e de opinião, aplicados a alunos e professores, sugere que as actividades desenvolvidas podem contribuir na motivação dos alunos para o estudo da Física e da Química e promover a literacia científica da comunidade escolar. ABSTRACT; The high popularity between teenagers of the television series that have Forensic Sciences and Criminal lnvestigations as central theme, such as CSI, Dexter, Criminal Minds and Cold Case, can be used to develop learning activities that involves the students into a scientific exploration which aim is leading the students to learn Chemistry and Physics with pleasure, motivation and curiosity. The educational resources developed in this thesis make use of the strategy Science-Technology-Society-Critical Thinking (STS-CP) and can be exploited according the teaching methodology Problem Based Learning (PBL). ln this work we propose a number of laboratory activities that can be used on the classes of the High School course Physic and Chemistry A (FQ-A) and a different set of activities to be used in a non-formal teaching environment, which are based on the analytical techniques used in Forensic Sciences. The non-formal activities were developed as part of the activities of a Science Club and complemented with an interactive blog. The teaching resources developed by us were also used in a professional training course to physics and chemistry teachers aimed to teach how to introduce new teaching­ learning strategies. The enthusiasm of the students shown during the activities and the extremely positive results of the questionnaires, applied to students and teachers after the activities, clearly indicates that the learning resources developed in this thesis contribute to the student's motivation to learn Physic and Chemistry and to promote the scientific Iiteracy of the scholar community.

Estudio comparativo entre las metodologías de enseñanza–aprendizaje tradicional y el modelo constructivista fundamentado en el aprendizaje basado en problemas en las clases de educación física

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo realizar un estudio comparativo entre las metodologías de enseñanza-aprendizaje tradicional y el modelo constructivista fundamentado en el Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP) en las clases de Educación Física, con los alumnos de los décimos años de Educación General Básica de la Escuela José Rafael Arízaga de la ciudad de Cuenca. El estudio se realizó con la finalidad de constatar la problemática, inicialmente se aplicaron fichas de observación a los docentes de Educación Física de la institución. Posteriormente, para el análisis comparativo se escogieron dos grupos. El décimo año de EGB paralelo A (grupo 1 denominado grupo control) y el décimo B (grupo 2 experimental). El primer grupo trabajó con el docente de la institución desarrollando los temas de los bloques curriculares: Movimientos Naturales, Juegos y Movimiento Formativo, Artístico y Expresivo, el segundo desarrolló los mismos temas pero el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje se fundamentó en el ABP. Los resultados de la aplicación de las dos metodologías se evidenciaron en las evaluaciones a los estudiantes (Destrezas con criterio de desempeño). El análisis de los resultados obtenidos durante todo el proceso de evaluación, permitió comparar las metodologías evidenciando de ésta manera las ventajas y desventajas de su aplicación en las clases de Educación Física.

El aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP) para la enseñanza de las ciencias naturales en quinto año de educación general básica

La presente investigación pretende valorar la importancia de enseñar Ciencias Naturales a través de la estrategia del Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas (ABP), con la finalidad de mejorar las prácticas pedagógicas de los docentes, y a partir de la implementación del ABP desarrollar en los estudiantes aprendizajes significativos. Para esta investigación se utilizó una recopilación bibliográfica y se tomó como principal punto de partida el ABP y la Actualización y Fortalecimiento Curricular del 2010 en Ciencias Naturales, con la finalidad de responder a las siguientes preguntas: ¿Es posible planificar las clases de Ciencias Naturales a partir del ABP? ¿Cuáles son los pasos a seguir para implementar el ABP en Ciencias Naturales? Los resultados muestran que es posible implementar el ABP en las clases de Ciencias Naturales porque permite construir el nuevo conocimiento sobre la base de los conocimientos previos. En Ciencias Naturales es imprescindible generar en los estudiantes actitudes de protección y cuidado hacia el medio, aspectos que se consigue mediante la solución de problemas. Finalmente, se hizo una integración de varios autores sobre los pasos que se deben seguir para la implementación del ABP en Ciencias Naturales, el mismo que se organizó en nueve pasos.

Applying Problem-Based Project-Organized Learning in a traditional system

Nowadays, PBL is considered a suitable methodology for engineering education. But making the most of this methodology requires some features, such as multidisciplinary, illstructured teamwork and autonomous research that sometimes are not easy to achieve. In fact, traditional university systems, including curricula, teaching methodologies, assessment and regulation, do not help the implementation of these features. Firstly, we look through the main differences found between a traditional system and the Aalborg model, considered a reference point in PBL. Then, this work is aimed at detecting the main obstacles that a standing traditional system presents to PBL implementation. A multifaceted PBL experience, covering three different disciplines, brings us to analyse these difficulties, order them according to its importance and decide which should be the first changes. Finally, we propose a straightforward introduction of generic competences in the curricula aimed at supporting the use of Problem-Based Project-Organized Learning

Motores térmicos de vapor, gas y de combustión interna a través de PBL (Project Based Learning)

Nivel educativo: Grado. Duración (en horas): De 31 a 40 horas

PBL and B-Learning for Civil Engineering Students in a Transportation Course

The results of a pedagogical strategy implemented at the University of Sao Paulo at Sao Carlos are presented and discussed. The initiative was conducted in a transportation course offered to Civil Engineering students. The approach is a combination of problem-based learning and project-based learning (PBL) and blended-learning (B-learning). Starting in 2006, a different problem was introduced every year. From 2009 on, however, the problem-based learning concept was expanded to project-based learning. The performance of the students was analyzed using the following elements: (1) grades in course activities; (2) answers from a questionnaire designed for course evaluation; and (3) cognitive maps made to assess the effects of PBL through the comparison of the responses provided by the students involved and those not involved in the experiment. The results showed positive aspects of the method, such as a strong involvement of several students with the subject. A gradual increase in the average scores obtained by the students in the project activities (from 6.77 in 2006 to 8.24 in 2009) was concomitant with a better evaluation of these activities and of the course as a whole (90 and 97% of options "Good" or "Very good" in 2009, respectively). A growing interest in the field of transportation engineering as an alternative for further studies was also noticed. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EI.1943-5541.0000115. (C) 2012 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Measuring the influence of Cooperative Learning and Project Based Learning on problem solvin skill.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects obtained after applying two active learning methodologies (cooperative learning and project based learning) to the achievement of the competence problem solving. This study was carried out at the Technical University of Madrid, where these methodologies were applied to two Operating Systems courses. The first hypothesis tested was whether the implementation of active learning methodologies favours the achievement of ?problem solving?. The second hypothesis was focused on testing if students with higher rates in problem solving competence obtain better results in their academic performance. The results indicated that active learning methodologies do not produce any significant change in the generic competence ?problem solving? during the period analysed. Concerning this, we consider that students should work with these methodologies for a longer period, besides having a specific training. Nevertheless, a close correlation between problem solving self appraisal and academic performance has been detected.

The user query based learning system for lifetime prediction of metallic components

Real-World Data Mining Applications generally do not end up with the creation of the models. The use of the model is the final purpose especially in prediction tasks. The problem arises when the model is built based on much more information than that the user can provide in using the model. As a result, the performance of model reduces drastically due to many missing attributes values. This paper develops a new learning system framework, called as User Query Based Learning System (UQBLS), for building data mining models best suitable for users use. We demonstrate its deployment in a real-world application of the lifetime prediction of metallic components in buildings

New perspectives on context-based chemistry education : using a dialectical sociocultural approach to view teaching and learning

Context-based chemistry education aims to improve student interest and motivation in chemistry by connecting canonical chemistry concepts with real-world contexts. Implementation of context-based chemistry programmes began 20 years ago in an attempt to make the learning of chemistry meaningful for students. This paper reviews such programmes through empirical studies on six international courses, ChemCom (USA), Salters (UK), Industrial Science (Israel), Chemie im Kontext (Germany), Chemistry in Practice (The Netherlands) and PLON (The Netherlands). These studies are categorised through emergent characteristics of: relevance, interest/attitudes motivation and deeper understanding. These characteristics can be found to an extent in a number of other curricular initiatives, such as science-technology-society approaches and problem-based learning or project based science, the latter of which often incorporates an inquiry-based approach to science education. These initiatives in science education are also considered with a focus on the characteristics of these approaches that are emphasised in context-based education. While such curricular studies provide a starting point for discussing context-based approaches in chemistry, to advance our understanding of how students connect canonical science concepts with the real-world context, a new theoretical framework is required. A dialectical sociocultural framework originating in the work of Vygotsky is used as a referent for analysing the complex human interactions that occur in context-based classrooms, providing teachers with recent information about the pedagogical structures and resources that afford students the agency to learn.

From “somatic scandals” to “a constant potential for violence”? The culture of dissection, brain-based learning, and the rewriting/rewiring of “the child”

This article analyzes the “messy and numberless beginnings” of the hope placed upon neurological foundationalism to provide a solution to the “problem” of differences between students and to the achievement of educational goals. Rather than arguing for or against educational neuroscience, the article moves through five levels to examine the conditions of possibility for subscribing to the brain as a causal organological locus of learning.