Accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades laborales de los mineros de socav��n en Boyac��, Cundinamarca y Norte de Santander

RESUMEN. Introducci��n: la miner��a a cielo abierto y la subterr��nea, presentan altas cifras de lesiones asociadas a esta industria a nivel internacional. Pa��ses como Australia, algunos de Europa y Estados Unidos tienen avances en seguridad minera, tanto en lesiones fatales como no mortales; sin embargo, otros pa��ses no muestran el mismo desarrollo, ejemplo de ello son algunos pa��ses de ��frica, China y pa��ses de Suram��rica. Colombia, muestra un paup��rrimo avance en seguridad minera, agravado por ausencia de registros de calidad para establecer pol��ticas en salud y seguridad minera. Objetivo: describir los accidentes de trabajo (AT) y enfermedades laborales (EL) de dichos trabajadores y sus relaciones con tiempo de exposici��n y oficio. Metodolog��a: estudio transversal con 476 trabajadores del el sector de miner��a. Se indago sobre los AT y EL de los mineros de socav��n en los departamentos de Boyac��, Cundinamarca y Norte de Santander. Se realiz�� an��lisis estad��stico con medidas de tendencia central y dispersi��n, estimaci��n de prevalencia de AT y EL y pruebas de asociaci��n Chi-cuadrado para identificar factores relacionados con las variables. Para las estimaciones de par��metros se emple�� un nivel de confianza del 95% y las pruebas de asociaci��n un nivel �� de 0,05. Resultados: La edad en a��os de los trabajadores vari�� entre 20 y 76 a��os con una media general de 43 �� 10. La antig��edad laboral en a��os vari�� entre 10 y 57 a��os con una media general de 19,3��9,1. Los trabajadores con mayor promedio de antig��edad laboral fueron los de Cundinamarca (valor_p< 0.000). La incidencia de AT fue de 52,3%, IC (95% 47,7% ��� 56,9%) en los tres departamentos, siendo mayor en Boyac��. Las regiones anat��micas m��s comprometidas fueron miembros inferiores 32,2%, miembros superiores 26,9%, la cabeza y espalda con 9,9% respectivamente. La enfermedad laboral que m��s se diagnostic��, fue hernia de disco. Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra la magnitud del problema de la accidentalidad observada en los tres departamentos; la distribuci��n de los accidentes en el sector minero, seg��n la regi��n anat��mica, el tipo de lesi��n y su agente causal, esto ser�� insumo para ayudar a la elaboraci��n de pol��ticas p��blicas, a nivel empresarial, de las Administradoras de Riesgos Laborales (ARL) y otros actores del Sistema de gesti��n de la Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo (SGSST). Palabras clave: miner��a, exposici��n profesional, accidentes de trabajo, enfermedad laboral, Colombia.

Desenlace intrahospitalario temprano del trauma ocupacional agudo, atendido ���Entre Semana/Fin de Semana���, en una instituci��n hospitalaria de III nivel, Bogot��, 2007 -2010

Resumen Objetivo. El desenlace temprano del trauma ocupacional agudo (TOA) puede estar condicionado al desarrollo industrial local en relaci��n con el momento de la semana donde se presente el evento, por lo que evaluamos las diferencias en los desenlaces cl��nicos tempranos de trabajadores que presentaron TOA en diferentes momentos de la semana. Metodolog��a. Se realiz�� un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo utilizando una base de datos administrativa de trabajadores atendidos por TOA, entre enero/2007-diciembre/2010, en una instituci��n hospitalaria de III nivel de Bogot��. Se compar�� la distribuci��n del TOA entre semana (ES) y en fin de semana (FdS) seg��n variables sociodemogr��ficas/cl��nicas y la mediana de estancia hospitalaria (EH), el riesgo de muerte o de un trauma espec��fico. Resultados. Se incluyeron 65169 trabajadores, la mayor��a hombres (78,4%), adultos j��venes (83,7%), edad mediana 31 a��os, con raz��n de ingreso ES:FdS 3:1, predominantemente durante el d��a (81,3%). La EH mediana (horas) en FdS (0,48) fue mayor que ES (0,43) (p: 0,000) en general y al evaluar por las sub-categor��as de sexo, grupo de edad, momento de ingreso, ��rea de manejo y estado al alta. Se presentaron 35 muertes, con mayor riesgo (OR;IC95%) en el grupo 45-64 a��os (3,47;1,71-6,76), en los ingresados en la noche (3,27;1,64-6,40) o durante el FdS (4,57;1,25-18,4). Durante el FdS se identific�� mayor riesgo de TOA con compromiso de Cabeza/Cuello, traumas m��ltiples y de causadas por veh��culos en movimiento. Durante el FdS disminuy�� la frecuencia de trabajadores atendidos por Ortopedia/Oftalmolog��a/Cirug��a General (p: < 0,05). Conclusi��n. Evidenciamos que los trabajadores ingresados por TOA durante el FdS presentaron mayor EH y riesgo de muerte; adem��s se identific�� una redistribuci��n en el Servicio de atenci��n en el FdS, con una baja frecuencia de atenciones prestadas por m��dicos especialistas.

Dzieje wsp����pracy ameryka��skich i polskich zwi��zkowc��w, 1918-1989

Wydzia�� Historyczny

Folsomia candida (Collembola): A "standard" soil arthropod

Folsomia candida Willem 1902, a member of the order Collembola (colloquially called springtails), is a common and widespread arthropod that occurs in soils throughout the world. The species is parthenogenetic and is easy to maintain in the laboratory on a diet of granulated dry yeast. F. candida has been used as a "standard" test organism for more than 40 years for estimating the effects of pesticides and environmental pollutants on nontarget soil arthropods. However. it has also been employed as a model for the investigation of numerous other phenomena such as cold tolerance, quality as a prey item, and effects of microarthropod grazing on pathogenic fungi and mycorrhizae of plant roots. In this comprehensive review. aspects of the life history, ecology, and ecotoxicology of F candida are covered. We focus on the recent literature, especially studies that have examined the effects of soil pollutants on reproduction in F candida using the protocol published by the International Standards Organization in 1999.

'A load too heavy': Critical reflections on the child labor problem in Africa's small-scale mining sector

This paper provides an extended analysis of the child labor problem in the artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) sector, focusing specifically on the situation in sub-Saharan Africa. In recent years, the issue of child labor in ASM has garnered significant attention from the International Labor Organization (ILO), which has been particularly active in raising public awareness of the problem; and, has proceeded to implement policies and collaborative project work aimed at Curtailing children's participation in ASM activities in a number of African countries. The analysis concludes with a critical appraisal of an ILO project recently launched in the Talensi-Nabdam District in the Upper East Region of Ghana, which sheds light on how the child labor problem is being tackled in practice in ASM communities in sub-Saharan Africa. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Folsomia candida (Collembola): A "standard" soil arthropod

Folsomia candida Willem 1902, a member of the order Collembola (colloquially called springtails), is a common and widespread arthropod that occurs in soils throughout the world. The species is parthenogenetic and is easy to maintain in the laboratory on a diet of granulated dry yeast. F. candida has been used as a "standard" test organism for more than 40 years for estimating the effects of pesticides and environmental pollutants on nontarget soil arthropods. However. it has also been employed as a model for the investigation of numerous other phenomena such as cold tolerance, quality as a prey item, and effects of microarthropod grazing on pathogenic fungi and mycorrhizae of plant roots. In this comprehensive review. aspects of the life history, ecology, and ecotoxicology of F candida are covered. We focus on the recent literature, especially studies that have examined the effects of soil pollutants on reproduction in F candida using the protocol published by the International Standards Organization in 1999.

O milh��o restante, o Brasil e a evolu����o da prote����o internacional a refugiados (1946-1952)

Quando a II Guerra Mundial chegou ao fim, calcula-se que havia at�� 40 milh��es de europeus deslocados de seu local de origem. Inicialmente, coube �� Ag��ncia das Na����es Unidas para Aux��lio e Restabelecimento (ANUAR) repatriar essas pessoas. Diante da crescente resist��ncia de muitas em retornar para casa, foi criada pela ONU a Organiza����o Internacional de Refugiados (OIR). De 1947 a 1951, quando foi substitu��da pelo ACNUR, foi respons��vel por reassentar mais de 1 milh��o de pessoas em diferentes pa��ses. O Brasil foi um deles. Diante deste quadro, a presente disserta����o busca compreender, em primeiro lugar, a constru����o do maquin��rio internacional de prote����o de refugiados surgido no p��s-guerra no ��mbito da ONU. Em seguida, analisar de que maneira o Brasil se inseriu nele. Qual o papel que teve na cria����o do regime? Quais interesses tinha em vista ao receber os refugiados? S��o algumas das perguntas para as quais o presente estudo procurou encontrar respostas.

A quest��o do petr��leo em terras ind��genas: uma an��lise constitucional �� luz do desenvolvimento sustent��vel

Recognizing the need to preserve a national ethnic minority, the Constitution, inspired by the pluralistic values of the Constitutional Law State, stipulated a series of rights and guarantees for the conservation of indigenous cultural singularity, disciplining in article 231 the Indians right to maintain their social organization, customs, languages, beliefs and traditions, as well as safeguarding the rights to the lands they traditionally occupy, and the exclusive use of the wealth existing in them, premise of ensuring their physical and cultural continuity, breaking decisively with the paradigm the assimilation of the Indian national civilization. However, despite the Indian policy of ethnic and cultural preservation, the Constitution allowed the exploitation of minerals in aboriginal territory, incorporated herein hydrocarbons, provided they meet certain predetermined requirements, leaving it to the legislature the discipline of ordinary matter. However, this law has not yet been published, with some projects in the National Congress, leaving thus precluding the indigenous subsurface oil exploration until the enactment of enabling legislation. Meanwhile, this paper carries out an integrated analysis of the constitutional protection of ethnic and cultural uniqueness of indigenous peoples, Convention N�� 169 of the International Labour Organization and the bill presented by Deputy Eduardo Valverde, in an attempt to consolidate sustainable development practices in the sector, through developing a system of social and environmental responsible oil exploration, aligning with national energy needs to maintain a balanced environment and preservation of socio-cultural organization of a minority so weakened and beaten over five centuries of domination

Terceiriza����o versus agenda do trabalho decente : estudo de caso a partir do Banco do Brasil s.a. na Para��ba

This Dissertation examines outsourcing in Bank of Brazil SA, the state of Paraiba. The central research question is to what extent this flexibility of labor relations incorporates items claimed by ��recent�� Decent Work Agenda of the International Labour Organization (OIT) or, on the contrary, the ��epidemic�� of outsourcing makes it even more challenging the world of work in the third millennium. The research hypothesis is that the Bank of Brazil has a growing subcontracting / outsourcing of labor (companies and individuals) and that not only contributes to the deterioration of working conditions, but also opposes the Work Agenda decent. Aiming to prove or disprove the hypothesis, the study includes a survey and secondary field. The literature review focuses on the trend towards casualization of labor in capitalism, and yet, in an effort to systematize data and analysis on ��outsourcing�� from the viewpoint of different actors. This theoretical framework is anchored in important classical sources and present that address the topic in the world and in Brazil. The field research was conducted with the actors related to the theme of ��outsourcing�� the Bank of Brazil - Paraiba, precisely branch managers, permanent employees of the bank, union representatives (bank workers), union bank and outsourced. The results confirm, in part, the study hypothesis, by demonstrating that there are several meanings and forms of precariousness that the contractors surveyed are submitted, highlighting the issue of salaries, the work environment, union representation and health worker. All these themes, each for himself, are contemplated by the Decent Work Agenda of the ILO and show, according to field research, rather fragile

A produ����o das desigualdades: an��lise da rela����o entre trabalho infantil e indicadores sociais

The International Labor Organization (OIT) estimates that there are around 118 million children subjected to child labor around the world. In Brazil, there are 3.5 million workers aged between 5 and 17. This exploitation practice constitutes a serious social problem, including of Public Health, since these workers are exposed to a wide range of risks, such as those related to health, physical integrity and even to life, which may cause them to become sick adults and/or interrupt their lives prematurely. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the relationship between the frequency of child labor in the age group of 10 to 13 years and some socio-economic indicators. It is a quantitative research in an ecological study whose levels of analysis are the Brazilian municipalities grouped in 161 regions, defined from socioeconomic criteria. The dependent variable of this study was the prevalence of child labor in the age group of 10 to 13 years. The independent variables were selected after a correlation between the 2010 Census of child labor in the age group of 10 to 13 years and secondary data had been conducted, adopting two main independent variables: funds from the Family Allowance Program (PBF) per 1,000 inhabitants and Funds from the Child Labor Eradication Program (PETI) per a thousand inhabitants. Initially, it was conducted a descriptive analysis of the variables of the study, then, a bivariate analysis, and the correlation matrix was built. At last, the Multiple Linear Regression stratified analysis was performed. The results of this survey indicate that public policies , like the Bolsa Familia Program Features per 1000 inhabitants and Resources Program for the Eradication of Child Labour to be allocated to municipalities with HDI < 0.697 represent a decrease in the rate of child labor ; These programs have the resources to be invested in municipalities with HDI > = 0.697 have no effect on the rate of child labor. Other adjustment variables showed significance, among these the municipal Human Development Index (IDH), years of schooling at 18 years of age, illiteracy at 15 years of age or more, employees without employment contract at 18 years of age and the Gini Index. It is understood that the child labor issue is complex. The problem is associated, although not restricted to, poverty, the social exclusion and inequality that exist in Brazil, but other factors of cultural and economic nature, as well as of organization of production, also account for its aggravation. Fighting child labor involves a wide intersectoral articulation, shared and integrated with several public policies, among them health, sports, culture, agriculture, labor and human rights, with a view to guaranteeing the integrality of the rights of children and adolescents in situation of labor and of their respective families

Water sorption, solubility, and bond strength of two autopolymerizing acrylic resins and one heat-polymerizing acrylic resin.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Because water sorption of autopolymerizing acrylic reline resins is accompanied by volumetric change, it is a physical property of importance. As residual monomer leaches into the oral fluids and causes tissue irritation, low solubility of these resins is desired. Another requirement is a satisfactory bond between the autopolymerizing acrylic resins and the denture base acrylic resin. PURPOSE: This study compared the water sorption, solubility, and the transverse bond strength of 2 autopolymerizing acrylic resins (Duraliner II and Kooliner) and 1 heat-polymerizing acrylic resin (Lucitone 550). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The water sorption and solubility test was performed as per International Standards Organization Specification No. 1567 for denture base polymers. Bond strengths between the autopolymerizing acrylic resins and the heat-polymerizing acrylic resin were determine with a 3-point loading test made on specimens immersed in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 50 hours and for 30 days. Visual inspection determined whether failures were adhesive or cohesive. RESULTS: Duraliner II acrylic resin showed significantly lower water sorption than Kooliner and Lucitone 550 acrylic resins. No difference was noted in the solubility of all materials. Kooliner acrylic resin demonstrated significantly lower transverse bond strength to denture base acrylic resin and failed adhesively. The failures seen with Duraliner II acrylic resin were primarily cohesive in nature. CONCLUSIONS: Autopolymerizing acrylic reline resins met water sorption and solubility requirements. However, Kooliner acrylic resin demonstrated significantly lower bond strength to denture base acrylic resin.

Sustainable development 20 years on from the earth summit: progress, gaps and strategic guidelines for Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Millennium development goals: advances in environmentally sustainable development in Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Aplica����o de meta-heur��sticas na resolu����o do problema de balanceamento e designa����o de trabalhadores com defici��ncia em linha de produ����o

Coordena����o de Aperfei��oamento de Pessoal de N��vel Superior (CAPES)