946 resultados para Finanças Locais
Resumo:
This thesis is composed of three essays referent to the subjects of macroeconometrics and Önance. In each essay, which corresponds to one chapter, the objective is to investigate and analyze advanced econometric techniques, applied to relevant macroeconomic questions, such as the capital mobility hypothesis and the sustainability of public debt. A Önance topic regarding portfolio risk management is also investigated, through an econometric technique used to evaluate Value-at-Risk models. The Örst chapter investigates an intertemporal optimization model to analyze the current account. Based on Campbell & Shillerís (1987) approach, a Wald test is conducted to analyze a set of restrictions imposed to a VAR used to forecast the current account. The estimation is based on three di§erent procedures: OLS, SUR and the two-way error decomposition of Fuller & Battese (1974), due to the presence of global shocks. A note on Granger causality is also provided, which is shown to be a necessary condition to perform the Wald test with serious implications to the validation of the model. An empirical exercise for the G-7 countries is presented, and the results substantially change with the di§erent estimation techniques. A small Monte Carlo simulation is also presented to investigate the size and power of the Wald test based on the considered estimators. The second chapter presents a study about Öscal sustainability based on a quantile autoregression (QAR) model. A novel methodology to separate periods of nonstationarity from stationary ones is proposed, which allows one to identify trajectories of public debt that are not compatible with Öscal sustainability. Moreover, such trajectories are used to construct a debt ceiling, that is, the largest value of public debt that does not jeopardize long-run Öscal sustainability. An out-of-sample forecast of such a ceiling is also constructed, and can be used by policy makers interested in keeping the public debt on a sustainable path. An empirical exercise by using Brazilian data is conducted to show the applicability of the methodology. In the third chapter, an alternative backtest to evaluate the performance of Value-at-Risk (VaR) models is proposed. The econometric methodology allows one to directly test the overall performance of a VaR model, as well as identify periods of an increased risk exposure, which seems to be a novelty in the literature. Quantile regressions provide an appropriate environment to investigate VaR models, since they can naturally be viewed as a conditional quantile function of a given return series. An empirical exercise is conducted for daily S&P500 series, and a Monte Carlo simulation is also presented, revealing that the proposed test might exhibit more power in comparison to other backtests.
Resumo:
Esta dissertação apresenta uma análise da proposição de ações de responsabilidade social empresarial em micro e pequenas empresas, a partir de uma orientação da governança de um Arranjo Produtivo Local. A atualidade do tema o aproxima do desenvolvimento sustentável, entendido como alternativa de inserção econômica e social num ambiente em que predominou a globalização de mercados sob orientação neoliberal. Para a pesquisa de campo foi escolhido o arranjo de moda íntima de Nova Friburgo e região, no Rio de Janeiro. O elevado grau de informalidade que ainda existe em empresas de confecção, bem como a quantidade de resíduos que geram, reforçam o interesse em se conhecer o escopo e o alcance das práticas de responsabilidade social. A hipótese é de que as ações existentes não estão consistentemente consolidadas na orientação da governança, nem se constituem em caminhos decisivos para um desenvolvimento sustentável.
Resumo:
A presente tese é composta de quatro ensaios sobre macroeconometria e finanças. Em cada ensaio, que corresponde a um capítulo, o objetivo é investigar e analisar as técnicas econometrias avançadas, aplicadas às questões macroeconômicas e financeiras relevantes.
Resumo:
Este estudo caracteriza as estratégias de internacionalização das grandes fabricantes mundiais de veículos, caracteriza as estratégias adotadas por suas filiais no Brasil e faz um confronto entre estratégias locais e internacionais. Através do estudo de caso de cinco grandes montadoras (General Motors, Volkswagen, Toyota, DaimlerChrysler e Renault-Nissan), mostra-se que as estratégias de internacionalização das matrizes dessas empresas são muito semelhantes entre si e que as estratégias seguidas por suas filiais, que parecem buscar alinhá-las com as estratégias das respectivas matrizes, também se parecem muito. São discutidas as implicações desses achados para o futuro do ramo no Brasil e as oportunidades que esta situação apresenta para o país.
Resumo:
Este estudo de caso tem o objetivo de analisar o procedimento do orçamento participativo na viabilização da nova política de desenvolvimento adotada pelo Município de Ribeirão Pires. Esta política baseia-se na sustentabilidade econômica, incorporando os aspectos sociais e resgatando a questão ambiental. A sua implementação nesse Município está muito vinculada à institucionalização do Orçamento Participativo, que possibilita uma maior participação dos cidadãos na definição das prioridades de investimento dos recursos disponíveis e, por essa razão, tem grande potencial para tornar-se um valioso instrumento para a concretização da política de desenvolvimento sustentável.
Resumo:
Esta pesquisa investiga a questão da evolução das configurações organizacionais. As mudanças ocorridas no ambiente competitivo brasileiro nos últimos anos levaram muitas empresas a buscar novos modelos de organização e gestão. Tal movimento pode representar uma superação, ou alternativamente uma evolução, do paradigma taylorista-fordista em direção a formatos mais orgânicos. Este projeto compreende uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema e uma pesquisa exploratória de campo, envolvendo organizações locais. São discutidos padrões genéricos de mudança e tendências, estabelecendo-se proposições a serem avaliadas em trabalho posterior.
Resumo:
Esta pesquisa mostra que há uma relação entre a economia e a política no estudo da escolha pública e coletiva. Mais precisamente, eu defendo que a política governamental (ou planejamento estratégico) é influenciada pelo processo político e depende da organização da sociedade em grupos de pressão caçadores de renda. A primeira parte analisa as limitações exógenas à ação individual no Estado; a segunda parte refere-se ao problema de agenciamento, estudando o papel das limitações internas à ação individual dentro da organização. A conclusão discute como essa visão sobre política governamental introduzida aqui deve complementar o ponto de vista tradicional sobre a análise do processo político e as ações dos agentes públicos.
Resumo:
Descontinuidade administrativa, ou o rompimento de atividades e programas na troca de governos e autoridades federais, estaduais e municipais, tem sido tópico constante de comentário e elemento central da imagem da área pública Brasileira presente na conversa quotidiana. Curiosamente, são poucos os estudos empíricos sobre a questão como também são poucas as reflexões sobre os fatores que podem contribuir para a continuidade. O estudo busca contribuir nos dois eixos a partir da análise de ações governamentais em 89 prefeituras no período de 1995 a 1997.
Resumo:
Além de realizar um balanço da literatura internacional relativa a reformas econômicas em novas democracias e aos programas de ajuste fiscal, o presente projeto de pesquisa visa analisar as transformações ocorridas na área fiscal no Brasil ao longo das duas últimas décadas no contexto de constrangimentos econômicos internos e externos e da democratização política.
Resumo:
Este trabalho busca estudar e sistematizar aspectos metodológicos relacionados a sistemas locais de informação e indicadores de qualidade de vida, bem como diferentes arranjos político-institucionais de órgãos destinados a produção, armazenamento, coleta, análise e disseminação de informações relacionadas à qualidade de vida em nível local. São analisadas experiências diferenciadas realizadas no Brasil e no exterior, atentando especialmente para o seu impacto no processo de formulação, gestão e avaliação de políticas públicas.
Desenvolvimento local, cidadania e arranjos produtivos locais: um estudo no estado do Rio de Janeiro
Resumo:
The aim of the present study was to verify how the participation and interaction of the local government public and private instittutions and civil society, might promote sustainable development, taking as a reference the Local Productive Arrangements (LPA) of Nova Friburgo and its Region. This work was conducted after a theoretical discussion concerning local development, citizenship, local development with citizenship and local productive arrangements. Afterwards, semi-structured interviews were realized with 32 citizens from five cities that were part of the Fashion Development Council, using the discourse analysis to data treatment. It was verified that the productive arrangement in the Centro-Norte Fluminense region of the Rio de Janeiro State has one of its main competitive advantages the pool of institutions, that articulate and support the underwear fashion sector. However, the APL presents many other characteristics making impossible to classify it as a cluster or an industrial district since there is still a need for cooperation among institutions and undertakers. In addition, there is no integration between the government instances and civil society in relation to the LPA development. So, it is concluded that there is a need for more union and dialogue among all of these involved actors, to overcome ¿bottle-necks¿ in the sector of underwear fashion in the region, such as informality of a huge number of companies and the low qualification of employees and undertakers.
Resumo:
In recent years, clusters have become a central part in discussions about local and regional economic development, as well as in the elaboration of public policies for generating jobs and income. Concurrent with the discussions about clusters, the subject globalization has also received growing attention from the media in the academic and government fields. Different aspects are considered in the discussions regarding globalization and one of the subjects is the insertion of local economies into international commerce. One of these ways of insertion is by global value chains. This term began to be used at the end of 90s, and refers to the productive value chains dispersed throughout the world, but with integrated production and commercialization. The aim of this thesis is to understand how the exportation process influences the development of fashion clusters, this being done by the insertion of these clusters into the global value chains. Each year, the Brazilian fashion sector seeks to broaden their participation in the global economy by means of insertion into the global value chains. This insertion, however, has caused impacts in specialized clusters of garment manufacturers, such as beach fashion, jeans and women¿s clothing. As a way of identifying these impacts, three cluster manufacturers were studied in the state of Rio de Janeiro, namely Cabo Frio, São Gonçalo and Niterói. The impacts of internationalization on the companies integrated into these three clusters were explored by means of a six-month field study, including semistructured interviews. This internationalization occurs either by direct exportation or by means of inserting these companies into the global value chains. The results of the study points out the opportunities and threats to these companies, as well as shows the importance of more adequate public policies for the development of Brazilian fashion clusters. Among these threats, the possibility of inserting these cluster companies into the global value chains in a captive manner (Gereffi, Humphrey, Sturgeon, 2005) was singled out, placing them ¿under control¿ of the exporting companies. As for opportunities, the participation of government support agencies and improvements in fashion show good alternatives for inserting these companies into the global value chains, making possible autonomous and competitive performance.
Resumo:
In the last decade, the debate concerning more adequate means of promoting social and economic development, through policies of firm supporting, has been gaining strength. Among several means of support, there is one that addresses issues related to credit and funding. At the same time, interest on the phenomenon of firm agglomeration, known by clustering, is increasing, as well as one of its advantages - facilitating the development and strengthening of its firms. Additionally, there can be spotted advantages on clustering that allow tailoring financial instruments, specifically to firms in it, based on collective solutions, with better conditions. This dissertation focuses on how the capture of these opportunities is being done, in the presence of specific financial products to Brazilian clusters. The present analysis is conducted from the cluster located in Nova Friburgo and Region, specialized in women underwear. This study sought to capture advantages from three main collective solutions: information systems, guarantees systems, alternative funding. These solutions address to the following issues: information asymmetries, absence of guarantees from the credit taker, limited sources of funding. Semi-structured interviews were made with members of the cluster, when it was possible to identify that the capture of advantages is in its early stages, being limited by other issues, such as: adequate degree of human capital, governance framework and process inefficiencies.
Resumo:
The Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU) is the agency that assists the BraziIian National Congress in the externaI controI of the PubIic Adrninistration. The AnaIyst of Finance and ExternaI ControI is the professionaI inside TCU that performs its primary activities. This study aims to investigate how intrinsically motivating is his work. It is supposed that the AnaIyst' s generic professionaI education and TCU' s procedures Iimit his controI on the work, with negative motivation impact. This controI presents two dimensions: the first one is reIative to technicaI knowIedge; the second one is reIative to the controI on the results of the work.