Áreas de preservação permanente (APP) na sub-bacia hidrográfica do córrego do Marimbondo, Jales (SP): um estudo das condições ambientais

This work aimed to carry out a study of the environmental conditions of the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) in the sub-basin of Marimbondo Stream in the city of Jales (SP), through remote sensing techniques and taking as the basis Brazilian environmental legislation, the Forest Code Federal Law Nº 12,651/2012. Permanent Preservation Areas are inserted intrinsically improved conditions in the quantity and quality of water in the areas of springs and along water bodies in rural properties. Therefore, we also carried out studies on the new Forest Code compared to the old Federal Law Order no. 4771/1965 and the observation of its application in the area of sub-basin as well as carrying out the simulation. The results of this research allowed toverify the need for direct implementation of the monitoring measures with the Forest Code, and this water management tool in Brazil, which will ensure sustainable management practices of land use and land cover, with direct benefits to water production, mainly for public supply. Also there was a greater need for involvement by the public actors, the Basin Committee of the São José dos Dourados and the municipal government of Jales, in order to truly act aimed at the protection and maintenance of the water body Stream Wasp

Áreas de preservação permanente (APP) na sub-bacia hidrográfica do córrego do Marimbondo, Jales (SP): um estudo das condições ambientais

This work aimed to carry out a study of the environmental conditions of the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) in the sub-basin of Marimbondo Stream in the city of Jales (SP), through remote sensing techniques and taking as the basis Brazilian environmental legislation, the Forest Code Federal Law Nº 12,651/2012. Permanent Preservation Areas are inserted intrinsically improved conditions in the quantity and quality of water in the areas of springs and along water bodies in rural properties. Therefore, we also carried out studies on the new Forest Code compared to the old Federal Law Order no. 4771/1965 and the observation of its application in the area of sub-basin as well as carrying out the simulation. The results of this research allowed toverify the need for direct implementation of the monitoring measures with the Forest Code, and this water management tool in Brazil, which will ensure sustainable management practices of land use and land cover, with direct benefits to water production, mainly for public supply. Also there was a greater need for involvement by the public actors, the Basin Committee of the São José dos Dourados and the municipal government of Jales, in order to truly act aimed at the protection and maintenance of the water body Stream Wasp

Estudo do meio físico e caracterização da capacidade de suporte natural da região de Pirassununga/SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo prospectivo visando o uso de sistemas agroflorestais no município de São Carlos, SP

A crescente demanda por recursos naturais e a conseqüente perda de qualidade e quantidade dos mesmos, indica a necessidade do desenvolvimento de alternativas, nas diversas áreas do conhecimento e das atividades humanas. No caso dos agroecossistemas, as práticas convencionais provocaram ao longo do tempo a degradação do solo e dos recursos hídricos, a perda da biodiversidade e a desestruturação dos ecossistemas, que culminaram em desequilíbrios globais de balanço hídrico e temperatura. O presente estudo visa analisar o potencial de utilização de Sistemas Agroflorestais (SAFs). SAFs são práticas de manejo da terra há muito tempo conhecidas, que associam, deliberadamente, árvores com culturas agrícolas temporárias, permanentes e/ou animais simultaneamente ou sucedendo-se temporalmente no espaço; obtendo os benefícios de proteção ambiental e de produção proporcionados pelas árvores. Para a realização do estudo foram utilizadas as bases cartográficas digitalizadas das características ambientais (solo, topografia, hidrologia e clima) do município e as mesmas foram sobrepostas através do Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG). As características ambientais de São Carlos, indicam a necessidade da adoção de sistemas de produção sustentáveis, capazes de conservar a qualidade e a quantidade do solo e dos recursos hídricos disponíveis, bem como sua biodiversidade, por isso apresenta grande aptidão para a utilização dos SAFs e uma ampla variedade de espécies com potencial de uso. A prioridade de adoção de SAFs é para áreas degradadas e subutilizadas, áreas de preservação ambiental e adjacentes, reservas legais e áreas suscetíveis à erosão. Sugere-se novos estudos, em campo, para comprovação dos resultados teóricos obtidos.

Evolução espaço-temporal da ocupação urbana sobre áreas naturais no município de Natal-RN

In this work the landscape morphodynamics was used to check the strength and importance of the changes carried out by man on the environment over time, in Natal-RN municipality. The occupation of partially preserved natural areas was analyzed, but environmentally fragile, such as riparian forests, vegetation on the banks of waterways, which play regulatory role of the water flow, and the dunes, which guarantee the rapid recharge of aquifers. The impacts of urban sprawl in Natal Southern and West zones Were identified and characterized, through a detailed mapping in the period between 1969 and 2013 the main Permanent Preservation Areas - PPA (banks of rivers and lagoons, and dunes remaining) and their temporal changes. For this were used aerial photographs and satellite imagery, altimetry data, and pre-existing information, which allowed the creation of a spatial database, and evolution of maps of impervious areas, evolution of the use and occupation and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) from contour lines with contour interval of 1 meter. Based on this study presents a diagnosis of the environmental situation and the state of conservation of natural areas, over the last 44 years, compared to human pressures. In general, it was found that the urban settlement has advanced about 60% of studied natural areas. This advance was growing by the year 2006, when there was a slowdown in the process, except for the Environmental Protection Zone (EPZ) 03, where the river Pitimbú and your PPA, which experienced a more significant loss area. The urban occupation affected the natural drainage and contributed to the contamination of groundwater Natal, due to increased sealed area, the release of liquid and solid waste, as well as the removal of riparian vegetation. Changed irreversibly the natural landscape, and reduced the quality and quantity of water resources necessary for the population. Thus, it is necessary to stimulate the adoption of use and protection of PPA planning measures, to the preservation of the San Valley Region inserted into the EPZ 01, and integrate more remaining dunes, in good condition, this EPZ, due to the importance of those remaining on the environment and the maintenance of quality of life. It is suggested, also, protection of catchment areas, such as PPA ponds and Pitimbú River. Finally, it is expected that this study can assist the managers in making decisions in urban and environmental planning of the municipality

Unidades geoambientais e áreas de preservação permanente como instrumentos de auxílio para o planejamento ambiental - o caso da via costeira de Natal-RN

Brazilian law provides a series of rules and policies which regulate space use and occupancy as well as guide environmental planning. Among those are the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) which purpose is to ensure the preservation of elements that are essential to maintain the environmental function and landscape. Another important instrument identifier of spaces are geoenvironmental units, which are synthesis elements grouping areas of similar characteristics and can be used for the analysis of risk, fragility and potential use of spaces. The geoenvironmental units are defined by more complex processes (information integration), focusing not only on individual elements, but being determined from a systemic analysis. Is It possible to identify and delineate APPs from the identification and determination of geoenvironmental units? The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of geoenvironmental units in the process of identification and delineation of APPs a see how much of the study area, the area by the Coast line in Natal/RN, is still good for occupation. It was used the physiognomic method, in which the limits of the units are plotted on a synthetic document (aerial photographs), valuing aspects of relief in a range of detail by the analysis of systemic categories (element, structure, function and interaction), observed. The methodology used allowed the identification and delineation of eleven geoenvironmental units and, from these, it was possible to identify and delineate four out of the five PPAs occurring in the study area. Only a small space of 1.2 ha of the study area is not considered APP by law. Thus, the occupation of the unoccupied area by the Coast line is not feasible from a legal standpoint. The geoenvironmental units as well as the identified and delineated APPs in the area by the Coast line are spaces which preservation is guaranteed by law in various scopes and are necessary to maintain the environmental functions of the area. The planning for the use and occupation of the area should involve the recovery of degraded areas and the creation of elements that make possible the use as well as attract the community, as provided in the initial planning, by ensuring the public utility and social interest in the Project.

Estudo de viabilidade técnico-ambiental para implantação de parques eólicos: um estudo de caso em um fragmento do litoral setentrional do Rio Grande do Norte/Brasil

The use of energy from renewable sources is increasingly demanded by society, especially aeolian - whose raw material is wind. Investments in wind power have become significant in Brazil with emphasis on the Northeast and in particular the Rio Grande do Norte state. According to the Empresa de Pesquisa Energética (Energy Research Company) (2012 ) , investments in the state grew significantly since 2002 with a total accumulated power, by 2013, of approximately 3,400 MW . Even with the early experiences of exploitation of wind energy in 2002, it is still considered new and requires further study referring to the likely changes in the environment and society. In this case, it is of growing and urgent importance to deeply study the wind still in the survey phase of the project, ie , at the beginning of decision making on the most feasible to implement these parks site. Given the above, the question is: from a technical and environmental analysis, how to identify viable areas to install Aeolian parks, taking into account the factors of the environmental dynamics that are relevant to minimize the negative results to the environment and the society? Thus, this study conducted a study on technical and environmental feasibility, proposing a methodology of exploration of feasible wind farms in coastal areas. The study area was a fragment of the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte and its natural landscape units were identified through the environmental characterization of the area, as well as it was elaborated the map of the land cover, restriction homes and urban areas and Permanent Preservation Areas - PPAs. The environmental fragility was subdivided in the fragility of the natural dynamic, mapped through relief, soils and geology of natural units, and the fragility of the ecosystem, originated by the land cover map. In addition to these maps, it was generated the wind resource for an area from a height of 50 and 100 meters. The intersection between the fragility maps, PPAs and Restriction of homes superimposed on maps of wind potential, provided the map of feasibility of Aeolian parks, resulting in the most favorable areas for its facilities in a technical and environmental point of view. From this study, the entrepreneur can evaluate whether or not to proceed with the studies in this area and especially decrease potential conflicts with society.

Aplicação do exame da proporcionalidade diante da implantação de empreendimentos eólicos em áreas de preservação permanente

The setting up of wind power enterprises at Permanent Preservation Areas reflects the obvious conflict and necessary convergence between free market and energy security on the one hand, and the promotion of environmental quality on the other. From the perspective of energy sustainability, and in order to achieve development (in its complex meaning, which converges economic, social, environmental and cultural aspects), the harmonization between free market and an ecologically sustainable environment is required. This work aims to identify the link between the protection system of the Permanent Preservation Areas and the current constitutional order, by analyzing the implementation of wind power enterprises in these protected zones focusing on the proportionality aspects. A legal and purposeful research was developed, from a theoretical method, followed by collecting and analyzing both primary and secondary data. From these data, the law, the legal literature and judicial decisions were cross-examined, under the light of the Constitution and guided by the theory of proportionality and related development imperatives. In this context, the present study identified the link between the principles of the economic order, environment and energy law, finding their basis under the Federal Constitution and development. By reproducing this interrelationship and by means of post-crisis institutional reforms, the guiding objectives of the Brazilian electric sector began to corroborate the precepts of development, although issues regarding its sustainability still persist. The appraisal of proportionality indicates that the Permanent Preservation Areas protection system is insufficient to materialize the right to a healthy quality of life upon the implementation of wind projects at Permanent Preservation Areas, albeit seeking the harmonization between free market and environmental protection.

Aplicação do exame da proporcionalidade diante da implantação de empreendimentos eólicos em áreas de preservação permanente

The setting up of wind power enterprises at Permanent Preservation Areas reflects the obvious conflict and necessary convergence between free market and energy security on the one hand, and the promotion of environmental quality on the other. From the perspective of energy sustainability, and in order to achieve development (in its complex meaning, which converges economic, social, environmental and cultural aspects), the harmonization between free market and an ecologically sustainable environment is required. This work aims to identify the link between the protection system of the Permanent Preservation Areas and the current constitutional order, by analyzing the implementation of wind power enterprises in these protected zones focusing on the proportionality aspects. A legal and purposeful research was developed, from a theoretical method, followed by collecting and analyzing both primary and secondary data. From these data, the law, the legal literature and judicial decisions were cross-examined, under the light of the Constitution and guided by the theory of proportionality and related development imperatives. In this context, the present study identified the link between the principles of the economic order, environment and energy law, finding their basis under the Federal Constitution and development. By reproducing this interrelationship and by means of post-crisis institutional reforms, the guiding objectives of the Brazilian electric sector began to corroborate the precepts of development, although issues regarding its sustainability still persist. The appraisal of proportionality indicates that the Permanent Preservation Areas protection system is insufficient to materialize the right to a healthy quality of life upon the implementation of wind projects at Permanent Preservation Areas, albeit seeking the harmonization between free market and environmental protection.

Comunidades tradicionais em áreas protegidas: convergências e lacunas da Política Urbana e Ambiental na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Estadual Ponta do Tubarão/RN

This work presents a reflection on possibilities and boundaries of consolidation and expansion of human settlements characterized as traditional communities that are located within protected areas, using as study reference the State Sustainable Development Reserve Ponta do Tubarão, at Rio Grande do Norte state. The main topics highlight the conflict between the right to housing and the prevalence of fundamental rights of traditional populations, opposed to the diffuse right to environment, according to the regulatory framework of the Brazilian Urban and Environmental Policies. At the same time that these settlements, historically built, are substantiated by the principles of recognition of rights to traditional populations, they are in a condition of complexity to the resolution of conflicts in its urban dimension and lead to an impairment of natural sites. This work questions how the instruments of land use and occupation are defined and relate to environmental planning, especially considering that the settlements are located in Permanent Preservation Areas (APP). It aims to further the discussion of the urban dimension in settlements, characterizing its formation and growth process, to identify the gaps and convergences between the Urban and Environmental Policy, under the foundations of a socio-environmental approach. The results spotlights the conflicts between occupation and natural areas, inferring that the definition of Urban Policies instruments and its integration with Environmental Policies instruments account for essential and priority actions to the achievement to the rights to a sustainable city, as determined in the Cities Statute and environmental protection goals, defined for the Conservation Units

Análise das mudanças espaciais e temporais nos padrões de paisagem na região do oeste da Bahia sobre a formação do grupo urucuia (1988-2011) e suas implicações para a conservação do Cerrado

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Humanas, Departamento de Geografia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Geografia, 2015.

Parques lineares ao longo de corpos hídricos urbanos : conflitos e possibilidades; o caso da orla do lago Paranoá – DF

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Programa de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, 2016.

Comunidades tradicionais em áreas protegidas: convergências e lacunas da Política Urbana e Ambiental na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Estadual Ponta do Tubarão/RN

This work presents a reflection on possibilities and boundaries of consolidation and expansion of human settlements characterized as traditional communities that are located within protected areas, using as study reference the State Sustainable Development Reserve Ponta do Tubarão, at Rio Grande do Norte state. The main topics highlight the conflict between the right to housing and the prevalence of fundamental rights of traditional populations, opposed to the diffuse right to environment, according to the regulatory framework of the Brazilian Urban and Environmental Policies. At the same time that these settlements, historically built, are substantiated by the principles of recognition of rights to traditional populations, they are in a condition of complexity to the resolution of conflicts in its urban dimension and lead to an impairment of natural sites. This work questions how the instruments of land use and occupation are defined and relate to environmental planning, especially considering that the settlements are located in Permanent Preservation Areas (APP). It aims to further the discussion of the urban dimension in settlements, characterizing its formation and growth process, to identify the gaps and convergences between the Urban and Environmental Policy, under the foundations of a socio-environmental approach. The results spotlights the conflicts between occupation and natural areas, inferring that the definition of Urban Policies instruments and its integration with Environmental Policies instruments account for essential and priority actions to the achievement to the rights to a sustainable city, as determined in the Cities Statute and environmental protection goals, defined for the Conservation Units

Inoculum sources and Preservation in Soils of Phytophthora parasitica from Cherry Tomato in Continental Crop Areas in Southeast Spain

Inoculum sources and Preservation in Soils of Phytophthora parasitica from Cherry Tomato in Continental Crop Areas in Southeast Spain