La rondalla (o com voldr??em que fos la vida)

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

La escuela, futuro del medio rural

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

La responsabilidad del Estado por la falta de efectividad del proceso de integración andino (Tema Central)

Aunque ha existido un notable crecimiento del comercio en la Comunidad Andina, la integración se encuentra en una fase imperfecta de unión aduanera. No existe una verdadera solidaridad subregional, ya que cada Estado mantiene su posición en cuanto a la política exterior. Esta visión estatalista se contrapone a la integracionista. La falta de voluntad política es también la causa de una ausencia de efectividad de la Comunidad, cuya consecuencia es la responsabilidad de los países sobre la base de la protección de los derechos de los particulares que se encuentren vulnerados, por cuanto ellos son los principales destinatarios del proyecto integracionista. Por ello, cabe derivar un derecho de reparación por los daños que provoque el incumplimiento de las disposiciones comunitarias.

TNF-alpha Promotes an Odontoblastic Phenotype in Dental Pulp Cells

Dental pulp cells can differentiate toward an odontoblastic phenotype to produce reparative dentin beneath caries lesions. However, the mechanisms involved in pulp cell differentiation under pro-inflammatory stimuli have not been well-explored. Thus, we hypothesized that the pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) could be a mediator involved in dental pulp cell differentiation toward an odontoblastic phenotype. We observed that TNF-alpha-challenged pulp cells exhibited increased mineralization and early and increased expression of dentin phosphoprotein (DPP), dentin sialoprotein (DSP), dentin matrix protein-1, and osteocalcin during a phase of reduced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression. We investigated whether these events were related and found that p38, a mitogen-activated protein kinase, differentially regulated MMP-1 and DSP/DPP expression and mediated mineralization upon TNF-alpha treatment. These findings indicate that TNF-alpha stimulates differentiation of dental pulp cells toward an odontoblastic phenotype via p38, while negatively regulating MMP-1 expression.

Inserción laboral, mercados de trabajo y protección social

Incluye Bibliografía

Transmisión de precios en los mercados de maíz y arroz en América Latina

Incluye bibliografía

Impacto económico de un acuerdo parcial de libre comercio entre Colombia y Estados Unidos

Incluye Bibliografía

Determinantes económicos del salario mínimo en países pequeños y abiertos: una aplicación para Centroamérica

Incluye Bibliografía

Los impactos del ALCA en el MERCOSUR: una revisión analítica de la literatura existente

Incluye Bibliografía

Hacia una visión integrada para enfrentar la inestabilidad y el riesgo

Incluye Bibliografía

Inserción laboral, mercados de trabajo y protección social

Incluye Bibliografía

Hacia una visión integrada para enfrentar la inestabilidad y el riesgo

Incluye Bibliografía

Utilização de células de linhagem odontoblástica (MDPC-23) em estudos de citotoxicidade e na avaliação do efeito de fatores de crescimento sobre a expressão de genes específicos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Hipomineralización incisivo Y molar: diagnóstico diferencial

Hypomineralized first molar often in combination with hypomineralized incisors (MIH - molar incisor hypomineralization) is a common finding in everyday practice. In this condition, hypomineralized dental enamel is fragile and soft, and it can break easily leading to an exposed dentin, and causing dental sensitivity and progression of caries lesions. The prevalence of MIH range from 3.6 to 25% in North of Europe that consider this condition a public health problem. No conclusive information was reported about the etiologic factors of MIH, however, systemic causes seem to be of importance. Several aetiological factors are mentioned as the cause of this condition and they are frequently associated with complications during pregnancy and childhood diseases during the first three years of life. MIH is frequently misinterpreted as fluorosis, hypoplasia or amelogénesis imperfect, however, this condition presents defined clinical aspects that can distinct it from the other defects.

Enamel microabrasion: an overview of clinical and scientific considerations

Superficial stains and irregularities of the enamel are generally what prompt patients to seek dental intervention to improve their smile. These stains or defects may be due to hypoplasia, amelogenesis imperfecta, mineralized white spots, or fluorosis, for which enamel microabrasion is primarily indicated. Enamel microabrasion involves the use of acidic and abrasive agents, such as with 37% phosphoric acid and pumice or 6% hydrochloric acid and silica, applied to the altered enamel surface with mechanical pressure from a rubber cup coupled to a rotatory mandrel of a low-rotation micromotor. If necessary, this treatment can be safely combined with bleaching for better esthetic results. Recent studies show that microabrasion is a conservative treatment when the enamel wear is minimal and clinically imperceptible. The most important factor contributing to the success of enamel microabrasion is the depth of the defect, as deeper, opaque stains, such as those resulting from hypoplasia, cannot be resolved with microabrasion, and require a restorative approach. Surface enamel alterations that result from microabrasion, such as roughness and microhardness, are easily restored by saliva. Clinical studies support the efficacy and longevity of this safe and minimally invasive treatment. The present article presents the clinical and scientific aspects concerning the microabrasion technique, and discusses the indications for and effects of the treatment, including recent works describing microscopic and clinical evaluations.