Pensando o estatuto do idoso no âmbito da saúde: uma reflexão à prática da cidadania

Um envelhecer saudável compreende fundamentalmente, o atendimento de necessidades que vão além da manutenção de um bom estado de saúde física. Faz-se necessário valorizar o idoso como pessoa socialmente útil, favorecendo, direta e indiretamente, o idoso, a família e comunidade para o alcance de um estilo de vida desejável. Pautando-se nessas reflexões, a partir da importância de um estudo em que se procure avaliar até que ponto, segmentos da sociedade e o próprio idoso, conhecem os direitos deste, e com isto, procurar pontuar conceitos de cidadania, vinculando os idosos a essas práticas, tendo como ponto de partida neste estudo, a saúde, como prática muito questionada no cotidiano. Este estudo, portanto, tem como objetivo verificar o conhecimento de estudantes universitários sobre os direitos do idoso no que se refere à saúde, contemplados no Estatuto do Idoso e explorar os direitos do idoso no âmbito da saúde na concepção de estudantes universitários. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo, numa abordagem qualitativa, centrando-se na análise dos aspectos legais (jurídicos) sobre o conhecimento dos direitos do idoso no âmbito da saúde pelos estudantes e sua implicação na prática da cidadania. O estudo foi realizado na cidade de João Pessoa - Pb, estudantes universitários de diferentes cursos do Campus I da Universidade Federal da Paraiba. O instrumento utilizado para coleta de dados foi uma entrevista semi-estruturada. Os coletados foram qualitativamente, explorando-se as falas dos sujeitos, utilizando-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo temática categorial. Os resultados encontram-se apresentados em quadros e temas. A partir de diferentes artigos realizados no decorrer do curso. Diante da expressividade dos resultados encontrados nesta pesquisa, é possível afirmar que os estudantes universitários ainda conhecem pouco o direito dos idosos, em particular, no campo da saúde, mesmo os estudantes da referida área. No contexto interdisciplinar este estudo sugere ações dirigidas à população do estudo propiciando pesquisas com maior impacto na mídia dirigida tanto aos idosos como a sociedade em geral

Prática do enfermeiro do Programa Saúde da Família PSF na promoção da saúde do adolescente

Attention to the health of adolescents, based on paradigm flexneriano, needs to be overcome. Since the International Conference of Ottawa (1986), the literature is developing a discussion of the promotion of health, based on the paradigm of social production in health, suggests a design to overcome the health care traditional practices. Program Health of the Family PSF has this purpose to transmute the model of existing assistance, where the nurse is an essential element to the work done in the program. Around this context, it is our purpose to analyze the practice of nurse of the PSF for the promotion of health of adolescents, produced by a search of descriptive quantitative approach with the inclusion of qualitative data. Interviews were conducted with 9 nurses 3 units of health of the family USF, Mossoró-RN and applied questionnaires with 74 teenagers aged between 15 and 19 years old, with some nearby public schools where USF operate these nurses. The quantitative descriptions were transformed on tables, pictures and graphics using the program Excel (Microsoft) and the qualitative were worked through the technique of analyzing the content of Bardin (2004). The review was realized using the reference to promote health brought by the study. The results show that the most common problems that happen with teenagers are the drugs (33,8%), pregnancy (27,0%) and political problems-socio-economic-cultural issues (24,3%). Adolescents are spontaneous demand and rarely seek the USF. The actions presented by the nurses as, lectures and groups, are nothing comparing to the macro-problems presented by adolescents, and verticalized irregular. The nurses know the promotion of health generally, not explaining how operate it from its daily practice. Concluded that the practice of nurse of the PSF has not yet reach the promotion of health of the adolescent, being necessary to scheduling modules on the subject to continuous training of teams, professionals from USF, as well as teachers and other staff of schools, giving space to the participation of academic. The discussions should be socialized with the community to discuss possibilities of confrontation of the problems, which also require socio-structural changes. This research can contribute as work-diagnosis, which experienced the reality of care in nursing PSF to a specific group

Condutas de profissionais que realizam a consulta pré-natal na Estratégia Saúde da Família quanto à detecção, tratamento e acompanhamento da gestante com sífilis

The objective of this exploratory descriptive quantitative study was to analyze the behaviors in the detection, treatment and followup of the pregnant woman with syphilis, by health professionals that conduct the pre-natal consultation in the Family Health Strategy, as to the adherence to the recommendations of the Ministry of Health. The study was conducted in nine municipalites of the Trairi region in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Data were collected during the months of July through September 2007, by means of a questionnaire with a population of 53 health professionals, 30 nurses and 23 physicians. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The results were organized in three major items: knowledge of the health professionals about the symptomatology of syphilis and their actions in the detection of the disease; actions in the treatment of the pregnant woman with syphilis; and the actions of followup of the desease. We identified that 81,2% of the professionals have knowledge about the symptomatology of syphilis in the pregnant woman;79,2% request the VDRL exam in the adequate intervals and approximately 50% conduct the treatment in conformity with the recommendations of the Ministry of Health. For the followup care of the infected woman, 79,2% request a monthly VDRL examination, 69,8% explain the disease to the pregnant woman, and 20,7% affirm that they conduct a proper reception to the woman.We conclude that the majority of the health professionals have knowledge of the detection, treatment and followup of the pregnant woman with syphilis. However, the actions of some professionals diverge from the conduct procedures recommended by the Ministry of Health, as to the requesting of the examinations, medication prescription and notification of the iesease. This indicates the need for improved

Representações sociais sobre a prática do cuidado para enfermeiros da saúde indígena: um estudo transcultural

The desire to research on this subject arisen from the experience as nursing in the indigenous health, where I observed that many professionals from all regions of Brazil chose to work within this zone. It was notorious the nurse s difficult to settle in only one place for a long length of time. Probably due to health care in indigenous zones happens from a cultural confront. This confront materialize because both sides are imbued with their own culture: in one hand the nurse professional with its scientific knownledgment on the other the indigenous with their rituals and peculiars habits. In this context nurses should delineate and negotiate the reality through symbolic representations of life, and then make questions on the new reality. In this way, this study set out with the aim of apprehends the nurse s social representations of transcultural care in indigenous health. This knownledgment is important to avoid possible conflicts, shocks, difficulties and health care incongruence within this context. The data collect was carried out on a range of non structured interview guided by a pre-elaborated questionnaire with four questions and a hand drawing related to nurse s health care in the indigenous health. This research had a sample of 17 nurses from the Indigenous Sanitary District of Manaus in the Amazon State. To interpret data we used the Discourse of the Collective Subject, which findings were presented in three chapters: characterization of participants, discussion on themes prevalent in discourse; social representation of nursing care through infographics. The analysis revealed that the care in the indigenous health is challenging because the native people imbued in its world are perceived and processed according to the nurse s cultural lens, leading to materialize of some strangeness and adaptation difficulties, especially in the first contacts. The Social Representation on nursing practice, in many cases, is projected and contrived on the basis of scattered believes and on perception derived from common sense. The findings shows that representions are essential to mitigating the initial strangeness and help nurses to better situate themselves in the new universe. The nurse s practice in the indigenous health care should merge into each other. From the Social Representations is possible to perceive that assimilation, also comprehension on indigenous health system and its traditional knowledge are important to developing strategies to improve access and quality of care for indigenous peoples. After analysis the nurse s discourses and drawings, it is possible to represent the nurse s practice in the indigenous health as anthropophagism, since nurses should literally consuming its patients culture, digesting it and seize it as means to provide culturally congruent care. We highlight the urgent need for preparation and training of professionals to work more effectively with indigenous peoples

A busca de sintomáticos respiratórios de tuberculose na prática e perspectiva do agente comunitário de saúde nos distritos sanitários de Natal

The objective of this work - which is characterized analyze the search for symptomatic tuberculosis in practice and perspective of the Community Health Agent (ACS) in the districts of Natal. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The study population was 646 professionals, and conducted a probabilistic random sampling, stratified by districts. The data were collected from one instrument to collect data based on Primary Care Assesment Toll (PCAT) and analyzed by descriptive statistics. The sample consisted of ACS was 87% female. Among the study participants 58% completed high school and 120 months of exercise training (95% CI 111.9 to 129.5) on average. 90% were USF. The average follow-up of cases found were 2 cases of TB since the beginning of the career of the ACS and the last three years the average is presented in a case accompanied. The ACS received satisfactory ratings on the bond of trust with the user, so as access to homes in the community. The ACS reported for denying the fear of being positive result was the biggest reason for not performing the sputum. All units have a professional that responds to the Tuberculosis Control Program. Regarding the structural capacity of primary care settings for the diagnosis of TB, we observed satisfactory levels in different districts of pots for sputum collection, however, a point that deserves attention from managers is lack of materials for packaging sputum. Fear of positive result was one of the reasons for the refusal of sputum collection, followed by alcoholism. With regard to TB suspects, all responded that ACS always suspect when the user has TB coughs, but in all districts were noticed at low delivery of requests for applications for smear. BSR in TB control, is characterized in practice as a complex action goes beyond technical expertise and contact with the family that breaks with the Cartesian. The BSR is part of the ACS can perform them from the daily visits. We conclude that the ACS is difficult to achieve. This practice should not be the privilege of this actor, but the entire team of primary care. We must rethink the practices of TB care, seeing the health surveillance while aegis of the working process of primary care teams for early diagnosis and thereby reduce TB in communities

Razão e Fé: estudo do grupo de oração como prática complementar na promoção à saúde

The World Health Organization (WHO) has given special attention to therapeutic procedures other than those practiced in conventional therapy, including homeopathy, phytotherapy, spiritual therapies and prayers, making possible the transition from a mere medicalizating model to a holistic view of the human being. This trend, earmarked in 1978 at the Alma-Ata Conference, questions the ability of technological and specialized medicine to solve the health problems of humankind. In Brazil, the onset of the Brazilian unified health system in 1988, introduced changes in the population s health care model where, within the scope of basic care, emphasis has been given to the Family Health Program since 1994. In this scenery, there is a broad area of complementary practices used in promoting health and preventing and treating diseases to support an understanding of the habits and beliefs underpinning popular practices. The purpose of this study was to analyze the perception users participating in the Peace and Balance group of the Family Health Unit of Nova Cidade, in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, started in 1999, have of the relationship between the experience of prayer and the changes that may have taken place in their lives after joining the group. It is a case study of descriptive nature and qualitative approach. The data were collected during focus group interviews between January and February 2007, using as tools a questionnaire to describe the research participants and a discussion outline. The theoretical support approached the following: religion and the evolution of thought; complementary health practices; and religion as a complementary health practice. Those interviewed reported, as results of such experience, a reduction in stress and depression, an increase in socialization and self-esteem, improved family interaction, comfort, safety, assurance, improved blood pressure levels and a decrease in the use of antihypertension medication and psychopharmacs. Although most professionals do not consider attention to the religious and spiritual aspects an effective therapeutical complement in health care, its understanding and practice may democratize knowledge and relationships, out of which they can learn how to make health production more effective, strengthening assurance and confidence, and developing and expanding soft technologies aimed at health care promotion and wholeness

Prática profissional e ética no contexto das políticas de saúde

Foram estudadas práticas profissionais em saúde, no contexto das poilítcas sociais em um município paulista. Objetivou-se conhecer as influências dessas políticas nas práticas profissionais e na observância de princípios éticos e de preceitos legais do Sistema Único de Saúde. Foram entrevistados profissionais de saúde, responsáveis pela gestão do sistema de saúde do município, coordenação de instituições de saúde e chefias de unidades. Os entrevistados fizeram referências à gravidade da situação atual do sistema de saúde, manifestando percepção fatalista e visão mecanicista dos fatos, influenciadas pela concepção liberal. Como conseqüência, buscam soluções alternativas individuais, nem sempre lícitas ou éticas.

Fatores associados à prática de atividade física global e de lazer em idosos: Inquérito de Saúde no Estado de São Paulo (ISA-SP), Brasil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Prática de atividades físicas e custo do tratamento ambulatorial de diabéticos tipo 2 atendidos em unidade básica de saúde

OBJETIVOS: Observar se existem diferenças nos valores monetários destinados aos procedimentos de saúde para o tratamento de pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 quando estratificados em diferentes níveis de atividade física habitual. SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Cento e vinte um diabéticos tipo 2 foram avaliados em duas unidades básicas de saúde de Bauru, SP. Atividade física foi avaliada por meio de entrevista. Retroagindo um ano ao dia da avaliação, por meio de notas fiscais, foram computados valores de exames, medicamentos e consultas médicas e de enfermagem. RESULTADOS: Quando comparados aos diabéticos ativos, os sedentários apresentaram gastos com consultas em clínico-geral 63% superiores (p = 0,017). Gastos com medicamentos para o tratamento de outras doenças também foram superiores em diabéticos sedentários (p = 0,001). CONCLUSÕES: Quando comparados de acordo com a prática de atividades físicas, diabéticos tipo 2 com menor prática de atividades físicas apresentam maiores custos com serviços médicos e consumo de medicamentos.

Diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e esquema terapêutico: impacto da prática de atividades físicas sobre o custo do tratamento ambulatorial em Unidade Básica de Saúde da cidade de Bauru -SP

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Atividade física habitual, barreiras para prática de atividade física e indicadores de saúde de pacientes em hemodiálise

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Influência da prática de atividades físicas sobre os gastos com saúde de pacientes vinculados a uma cooperativa médica

Pós-graduação em Ciências da Motricidade - IBRC

Programa Saúde da Família: analisando a prática do enfermeiro

Pós-graduação em Enfermagem (mestrado profissional) - FMB