689 resultados para 996
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XYZ系统是一个以增强软件可靠性和提高软件生产率为目的的程序开发支撑系统 .它由时序逻辑语言(temporal logic language,简称 TLL) XYZ/ E和以该语言为基础的一组软件工程工具组成 .为了研究 XYZ系统在多媒体领域中的应用问题 ,介绍了一种依据多媒体对象时序描述自动生成用 XYZ/ RE表示的播放同步器的方法 ,XYZ/ RE是时序逻辑语言族 XYZ/ E中表示实时系统的子语言 .与相关工作比较 ,该方法不仅可以处理简单的时序关系 ,而且可以处理嵌套的时序关系 ,所产生的同步器可以复用于不同的节目 .
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选择植被自然恢复不同年限的阳坡梁坡地作为研究对象,采用时空互代法研究子午岭地区植被恢复过程中土壤养分和酶活性的变化。结果表明,植被恢复140 a内,不同土层土壤有机质含量、全氮含量、蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性增加,且表土层(0~20 cm)土壤养分含量和酶活性高于下层土壤(20~40 cm)。以裸露地为对照,土壤0~20 cm土层,有机质含量、全氮含量、蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性和过氧化氢酶活性分别增加了23.8%~534.9%、9.3%~300.0%、213.6%~521.5%、40.4%~286.5%、22.7%~232.2%和3.2%~22.4%,土壤速效磷含量呈现波动变化,过氧化氢酶活性变化幅度比其他三种酶低。土壤有机质含量与全氮、速效磷含量密切相关;土壤蔗糖酶与土壤有机质、全氮均为极显著的相关关系(0.930/0.918);土壤脲酶活性与全氮含量相关系数最高(0.804);土壤碱性磷酸酶活性与有机质、全氮含量都呈极显著相关(0.977/0.984);土壤过氧化氢酶活性与全氮含量极显著相关,相关系数达0.996。
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毛细管电泳以其强大的分离能力日益受到重视,特别是成功完成人类基因组计划的测定工作,随着微全分析系统的深入研究,毛细管电泳的理论和技术在各方面都需要突破,其中毛细管电泳检测器是制约发展毛细管电泳更广泛地用于实际工作的因素之一。本论文以发展新型的毛细管电泳电化学发光检测技术为出发点,在以下几个方面作了研究。1.三联吡啶钌在玻碳电极上的阴极电化学发光我们首次发现了一种新型的基于溶液中氧的还原引发的三联毗淀钉(TBR)阴极电化学发光,结果表明,这种阴极电化学发光的发光电位仅为-0.4V,从而大大地降低了电化学发光的激发电位。所有能够增强阳极电化学发光的物质如三丙胺(TPA)都能够增强阴极电化学发光。阴极电化学发光光谱证实,阴极发光是激发态的TBR跃迁回到基态所产生的发光行为,我们认为在电极上氧还原所产生的活性氧氧化了TBR分子和发光增强剂从而导致了阴极发光。一些不能够增强阳极电化学发光的物质如柠檬酸,也能够增强阴极电化学发光,从而扩展了电化学发光的检测范围。采用阴极电化学方法对TPA和柠檬酸根的检测结果表明,对TPA在1*10~(-7)-1*10~(-5)M之间的检测呈较好线性相关性,相关系数为0.9994,最低检测限(S/N=3)为7.5*10-8M,对柠檬酸根在1*10~(-5)-1*10~(-4)M之间呈较好的线性关系,相关系数为0.999,最低检测限(S/N=3)为1.2*10~(-6)M。2.毛细管电泳直接电化学发光离柱检测技术的研究研究在没有场分离器的情况下高压电场对电化学发光检测器的影响。基于此目的我们采用75件m内径的毛细管为分离柱,300μm直径的铂丝为工作电极,以不同电导率的溶液作为电泳流动相。在高压电场的影响下,动态循环伏安和与此相对应的电化学发光表明电泳电流并不会引起电化学发光信号的淬灭,高压电场只会导致电化学发光激发电位向更正方向的偏移。进一步的研究表明,毛细管与工作电极之间的间距是影响电化学发光信号和理论塔板数的重要因素。基于以上的认识,我们发展了无需电场分离器的毛细管电泳一电化学发光检测系统,从而大大地简便了毛细管电泳一电化学发光检测系统。以三丙胺(TPA)作为分析对象,对该系统进行了表征,该系统对TPA的检测在1*10~(-10)-1*10~(-5)mol/L之间的线性相关系数为0.998,峰高的相对标准偏差为5.6%,检测限(S加=3)达到5.0*10~(-11)mol/L。采用这一方法对尿样中的利多卡因进行了分析,在5.0*10~(-8)-1.0*10~(-5) mo/L之间的相关系数为:0.998,最低检测限(S/N=3)为2.0*10-8mo/L。3.毛细管电泳一固态电化学发光检测器检测的研究我们首次报道将TBR固定在聚苯乙烯磺酸-溶胶-凝胶-接枝共聚物构成的膜中,采用旋涂的方法涂敷在铂电极的表面,制备用于毛细管电泳的固态电化学发光检测器,以TPA和脯氨酸作为研究对象表征了毛细管电泳-固态电化学发光检测系统的特征,该系统可以稳定工作24小时,完全可以满足实际应用的需要。采用该系统实现了对TPA和脯氨酸的同时检测,对TPA和脯氨酸检测的相对标准偏差分别为8.7%和7.5%,分离的理论塔板数分别为70000和16000,对TPA和脯氨酸的测定的最低检测限分别为0.002μM和2μM。4.离散小波分析去除毛细管电泳电化学发光检测信号的噪音毛细管电泳电化学发光检测信号因为TBR与溶液中的氢氧根的化学发光反应使得信号的噪音变得很大,从而影响了峰的定量,降低了检测灵敏度。这里我们采用离散小波'分析技术去除电泳中的噪音。对一些典型的小波基如HaaroDaublets,Coiflets和Symmlets去除噪音的效果作了比较。各种不同的计算阀值的方法和确定阀值的技术导致的去噪结果的差异作了比较。结果表明,采用Symmlet 4小波基和启发式无偏向风险估算法-软阀门确定阀值是最优的去噪方案,采用这一策略对毛细管电泳电化学发光电泳信号的去噪结果表明,噪音成功地得到了去除,同时电泳的峰型和轮廓得到了保留,该去噪技术明显地优于通常的SG和FT去噪技术。5.毛细管电泳柱端电化学发光同时检测尿样中的曲马多和利多卡因曲马多和利多卡因是手术中常用的镇静剂和麻醉剂,部分药物以原形从肾脏排除,我们研究了简单、快速的采用毛细管电泳柱端电化学发光同时检测曲马多和利多卡因的方法。我们使用25μm内径的毛细管作为分离柱,由于使用的毛细管内径很小,从而大大地降低了分离电压对检测器的影响,因此毛细管与电化学发光检侧器直接连接而无需电场分离器。使用300μm直径的铂盘电极作为工作电极,使得在毛细管的出口有足够的氧化态的TBR存在。为消除尿样中的离子强度对分析造成的影响,样品在分析前经萃取分离,以TPA为内标,采用两步萃取寻去对尿中的曲马多和利多卡因的测定回收率分别为94-96%和93-97%。在1.0*10-7to 1.0*10-4的浓度范围内曲马多和利多卡因的检测的线性相关系数为0.998,检测的相对标准偏差分别为2.9%和2.7%,对尿中曲马多和利多卡因测定的最低检测限(S/N=3)分别为6.0*10~(-8)mol/L和4.5*10~(-8)mol/L。应用该方法对临床两例术后病人尿样中的曲马多和利多卡因的代谢进行了测定。6.毛细管电泳电化学发光检测尿样中的利血平提出了一种快速、简便的毛细管电泳电化学发光法测定尿样中的利血平的方法。我们以25拼m内径的毛细管为分离柱,不用场分离器直接与300μm直径的铂二〔作电极连接,为提高检测的灵敏度和克服尿样中的离子强度对检测的影响,我于门采用场放大电动进样的技术用于毛细管电泳的直接进样和分离,样品不经任何预处理。由于利血平是中性分子,采用毛细管区带电泳不能将利血平与中性的干扰物分离出,因此我们在电泳流动相中加入十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS),成功地将利血平与中性干扰物质分离开。该方法对尿样中的利血平检测范围在l*10~(-6)~(-1)*10~(-4)mol/L 比的线性相关系数为0.996,相对标准偏差为4.3%,最低检测限为7.0*10~(-8)mol/L。
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用两步退火法在掺CdSeS的玻璃中制备了高密度的量子点,均匀性较好。量子点尺寸随第二步退火时间加长而增大,但组份基本不变。研究了量子点光学性质与退火时间的依赖关系,证明光致发光谱中的低能峰与量子点表面缺陷态有关。量子点尺寸越小,比表面越大,该峰相对强度越大。
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同源四倍体水稻(2N=4X=48,AAAA)是由二倍体水稻(2N=2X=24,AA)通过秋水仙素诱导染色体加倍后得到的新品系,具有优良的抗病性以及较高的蛋白质含量。因此,在四倍体水平上挖掘水稻的增产潜力成为水稻育种的新手段。同源四倍体水稻具有很强的遗传可塑性和很弱的遗传保守性,利用其作为水稻远缘杂交的桥梁,从野生物种中不断地引进有益的基因,这将有助于杂交水稻的多代利用和固定水稻的杂种优势。但是迄今为止,还没有关于同源四倍体水稻遗传多样性,遗传背景的报道。目前世界关于同源四倍体水稻的研究主要集中在中国,主要研究方向为培育、筛选结实正常的亲本材料,配置和筛选结实率正常或接近正常的组合。经过几十年研究,虽然在材料构建,细胞学研究等方面取得了较大进展,但同样由于结实率低的瓶颈问题未解决,而使多倍体水稻育种未能取得实质性进展。而近年来一些关于同源四倍体水稻低结实率机理的细胞学研究也由于缺乏统计学数据而缺乏说明性。本文用SSR标记,对选取的36个结实率正常同源四倍体水稻三系亲本和14个来源二倍体亲本,分析他们的遗传差异和群体遗传结构。本文还利用我们培育的高、低结实率的同源四倍体水稻恢复系、优良保持系和杂种F1及二倍体对照为材料,进行系统深入的细胞遗传学研究,进一步探讨同源四倍体水稻有性传递后代的发育过程,探索分裂期染色体行为特征与遗传性状稳定性的关系,为进一步选育多倍体水稻品种并将其应用于生产提供理论依据。同源四倍体水稻突变株D4063-1直链淀粉含量比来源二倍体明恢63下降一半,即其直链淀粉含量为5.23%,为研究其直链淀粉含量下降的原因,本文还根据普通水稻Wx基因设计引物,扩增测序获得了D4063-1Wx基因的全序列,与已报道Wx基因进行比对分析,并根据D4063-1和籼稻、粳稻的序列差异并根据D4063-1在该片段上的特征序列位点设计了用于识别D4063-1的寡核苷酸片段,为快速、准确的鉴别低直链淀粉的D4063-1创造了条件。 SSR标记具有基因组分布广泛、数量丰富、多态性高、容易检测、共显性、结果稳定可靠、实验重现性好、操作简单、经济、易于高通量分析等许多优点,被认为是用于遗传多样性、品种鉴定、物种的系统发育、亲缘关系及起源等研究的非常有效的分子标记。本研究选取了中国科学院成都生物所培育的同源四倍体和二倍体水稻亲本,并用36个微卫星标记进行了遗传差异和种群遗传结构分析。在50个品系中,我们观察到较高水平的多态性,每基因等位基因数(Ae)分布于2至6之间(平均值3.028),多态性信息含量(PIC)分布于0.04至0.76之间(平均值0.366);期望杂合度(He)分布于0.04至0.76之间(平均值0.370),Shannon指数(I)分布于0.098至1.613之间(平均值0.649)。同源四倍体品系的等位基因数,期望杂合性和Shannon指数都比二倍体品系高。在供试50个品系中,较多材料均发现Rare基因,根据SSR多态性指数我们构建了同源四倍体和二倍体水稻的核心指纹库。F-统计值表明遗传差异主要存在于同源四倍体品系中(Fst=0.066)。聚类分析结果表明50个品系可以分为4个组。I组包括所有的同源四倍体和二倍体籼稻保持系,以及一个同源四倍体籼稻雄性不育系及其来源二倍体。II组仅包括IR来源的品系。III组比II组和IV组更复杂,包括同源四倍体和二倍体籼稻恢复系品系。IV组包括同源四倍体和二倍体粳稻品系。此外,由于等位基因及配子的遗传差异,同源四倍体与二倍体品系中存在单位点和双位点的遗传差异。分析结果表明,二倍体和四倍体水稻基因库的不同,其中遗传变异可以区分四倍体与二倍体水稻。同源四倍体水稻具有长期而独立的遗传性,我们能够选育并得到与二倍体亲本相比有特殊优良农艺性状的品系。 本研究以高结实率的同源四倍体水稻恢复系DTP-4、D明恢63及优良保持系D46B为材料进行农艺性状及细胞遗传学比较研究。DTP-4、D明恢63及保持系D46B的的染色体组成均为2N=4X=48,花粉母细胞具有较为理想的减数分裂行为,配对染色体的比率在99%以上,这与理论染色体组构成相符。DTP-4和D明恢63PMC减数分裂各个时期单价体和三价体的比例都非常低,而在MI, PMC观察到较多的二价体和四价体且四价体多以环状形式出现,其最大频率的染色体构型分别为12II 6IV和10II 7IV。恢复系DTP-4和D明恢63在MI四价体频率分别为2.00/PMC和2.26/PMC,而保持系D46B在MI四价体频率为6.00/PMC,极显著地高于恢复系品系,表明保持系D46B具有更好的染色体配对性质;AI保持系D46B的染色体滞后频率为10.62%,远低于恢复系材料DTP-4和D明恢63的19.44%和23.14%,接近二倍体对照明恢63的7.30%水平;TI保持系D46B具有比恢复系更低频率的微核数。而在TII,D46B的正常四分小孢子比率不但高于恢复系品系甚至高于二倍体对照。对高低结实率的同源四倍体水稻恢复系和杂种F1代的花粉育性,结实率和细胞遗传学行为进行了比较研究。DTP-4, D明恢63, D46A´DTP-4和D46A´D明恢63的花粉育性和结实率比D什香和D46A´D什香显著提高。减数分裂分析的结果表明,DTP-4,D明恢63,D什香,D46A´DTP-4,D46A´D明恢63和D46A´D什香其减数分裂染色体构型分别为:0.05I +19.96 II (9.89棒状+10.07环状) +0.01III + 2.20 IV, 0.11I +19.17 II (8.90 棒状+10.37 环状) +0.09III + 2.26 IV + 0.01 VI, 1.33I +9.46 II (4.50 棒状+4.96 环状) +0.44III + 6.02 IV + 0.09VI + 0.09 VIII, 0.02I +14.36 II (6.44 棒状+7.91 环状) +0.01III + 4.80IV + 0.01VIII, 0.06 I +17.67 II (11.01 棒状+6.67 环状) +0.06 III + 3.10 IV + 0.01 VI and 1.11 I +11.31 II (5.80 棒状+5.51 环状) +0.41 III + 5.63 IV+0.03VI+0.03VIII。在同源四倍体水稻恢复系和杂种F1代材料中,最常见的染色体构型为16II +4IV和12II +6IV。在减数分裂过程中,结实率较高的材料染色体异常现象较少而结实率较低的材料染色体异常现象较严重。在杂种F1代中,二价体的比例要低于其相应的恢复系亲本,同样的,单价体,三价体和多价体的比例相比其恢复系亲本也偏低。然而,在减数分裂MI,杂种F1代中四价体的比例要显著高于其恢复系亲本。在中期I,每细胞单价体的比例和花粉育性呈现出极高的负相关(-0.996),当单价体数目升高时,花粉育性下降。其次是每细胞三价体的比例(-0.987),之后则是每细胞多价体的比例与花粉育性的负相关(-0.948)。但是统计分析表明,二价体和四价体的比例对花粉育性和结实率没有显著影响。这一结果表明出了花粉育性和细胞减数分裂行为的相关性,同源四倍体的减数分裂行为为筛选高结实率的同源四倍体种系提供了理论依据。 突变体是遗传学研究的基本材料。利用突变体克隆水稻基因,并进而研究基因的生物学功能是水稻功能基因组学的重要研究内容。本课题组在多年的四倍体水稻育种研究中已获得多个低直链淀粉含量突变体,其中一些突变体在直链淀粉含量下降的同时,胚乳外观也发生了显著改变,呈半透明或不透明。同源四倍体水稻突变株D4063-1直链淀粉含量比来源二倍体明恢63下降一半,即其直链淀粉含量为5.23%。为研究其直链淀粉含量下降的原因,我们根据普通水稻Wx基因设计引物,扩增测序获得了D4063-1Wx基因的全序列,与已报道Wx基因进行比对分析;同源四倍体水稻D4063-1Wx基因最显著变化为在外显子序列中发生了碱基缺失,导致移码突变,在第9外显子终止密码子提前出现。D4063-1Wx基因碱基位点的变化还导致了其序列上的酶切位点的变化,对常用限制性内切酶位点分析分析结果表明同源四倍体水稻相对于籼稻和粳稻多了2个sph1酶切位点,相对于粳稻减少了6个Acc1,增加了4个Xba1,1个Xho1,1个Pst1和1个Sal1酶切位点。聚类分析表明D4063-1Wx基因序列与籼稻亲源关系较近,由此推测D4063-1Wx基因来源于籼稻的Wxa基因型。另外,根据D4063-1Wx基因的碱基差异,我们推测D4063-1Wx基因外显子碱基变化导致的RNA加工障碍是其直链淀粉降低的主要原因,并可能与其米饭较软等品质相关。本文还根据D4063-1和籼稻、粳稻的序列差异并根据D4063-1在该片段上的特征序列位点设计了用于识别D4063-1的寡核苷酸片段,并作为PCR反应的引物命名为AUT4063-1,将该引物与我们设计的扩增普通籼稻、粳稻的Wx基因引物F5配合使用建立了识别D4063-1的显性和共显性两种检测方式的分子标记,为快速、准确的鉴别低直链淀粉的D4063-1创造了条件。 研究同源四倍体水稻基因组的遗传差异,探索同源四倍体水稻的遗传规律,研究分裂期染色体行为特征与遗传性状稳定性的关系,旨在揭示四倍体水稻中同源染色体配对能力的遗传差异,为进一步选育多倍体水稻品种并将其应用于生产提供理论依据。 Autotetraploid rice (2N=4X=48, AAAA) is a new germplasm developed from diploid rice (2N=2X=24, AA) through chromosomes doubling with colchicines and is an excellent resource for desirable resistance genes to the pathogens and high protein content. Therefore, heterosis utilization on polyploidy is becoming a new strategy in rice breeding. At present, the main research on autotetraploid rice centralizes in China. Breeding effort has been made to improve autotetraploid rice genetically, however, the progresses are limited due to higher degree of divergence between hybrid sterility and polygenic nature. But to date, almost nothing is reported about the genetic diversity, original and genetic background of autotetraploid rice. Despite several reports on cytological analysis of the mechanisms of low seed set in autotetraploid rice still the results are inconclusive due to lack the statistical evaluation. Therefore, the study on the mechanisms of low seed set in autotetraploid is a priority for rice breeding. Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are the widely used marker for estimating genetic diversity in many species, including wild, weedy, and cultivated rice. In our research, genetic diversity and population genetic structure of autotetraploid and diploid populations collected from Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences were studied based on 36 microsatellite loci. For the total of 50 varieties, a moderate to high level of genetic diversity was observed at population levels with the number of alleles per locus (Ae) ranging from 2 to 6 (mean 3.028) and PIC ranging from 0.04 to 0.76 (mean 0.366). The expected heterozygosity (He) varied from 0.04 to 0.76 with the mean of 0.370 and Shannon’s index (I) ranging from 0.098 to 1.613 (mean 0.649). The autotetraploid populations showed a slightly higher level of effective alleles, the expected heterozygosity and Shannon’s index than that of diploid populations. Rare alleles were observed at most of the SSR loci in one or more of the 50 accessions and core fingerprint database of the autotetraploid and diploid rice was constructed. The F-statistics showed that genetic variability mainly existed among autotetraploid populations rather than among diploid populations (Fst=0.066). Cluster analysis of the 50 accessions showed four major groups. Group I contained all of the autotetraploid and diploid indica maintainer lines and a autotetraploid and its original diploid indica male sterile lines. Groups II contained only original of IR accessions. Group III was more diverse than either group II or IV and comprised of both autotetraploid and diploid indica restoring lines. Group IV included japonica cluster of the autotetraploid and diploid rices. Furthermore, genetic differences at the single-locus and two-locus levels, as well as components due to allelic and gametic differentiation, were revealed between autotetraploid and diploid varieties. This analysis indicated that the gene pools of diploid and autotetraploid rice are somewhat dissimilar, which made a variation that distinguishes autotetraploid from diploid rices. Using this variation, we can breed new autotetraploid varieties with some new important agricultural characters but the diploid rice has not. Cytogenetic characteristics in restorer lines DTP-4, DMinghui63 and maintainer line D46B of autotetraploid rices were studied. DTP-4, DMinghui63 and D46B showed the advantage of high seed set and biological yield. The meiotic chromosome behavior was slightly irregular in DTP-4, DMinghui63 and D46B. We observed less univalent, trivalent and multivalent at MI, but more bivalent and quadrivalent were observed. The most frequent chromosome configurations were 12II 6IVand 10II 7IV in restorer and maintainer lines, respectively. The quadrivalent frequency of DTP-4 and Dminghui63 at metaphase(MI) was respectively 2.00/PMC and 2.26/PMC. However that frequency of D46B was 6.00/PMC, which was greatly significantly higher than DTP-4 and Dminghui63. That indicates the maintainer D46B has better chromosome pairing capability in metaphase (MI). The frequency of lagging chromosomes of the maintainer D46B at anaphaseI (AI) was 10.62%, which was significantly lower than that of DTP-4(19.44%) and Dminghui63(23.14%) and nearly reaching the level of diploid CK(7.30%). In telophaseI (TI) maintainer D46B showed lower frequency of microkernel at TI and lower frequency of abnormal spores at telophaseII(TII). We also studied pollen fertility, seed set and cytogenetic characteristics of restorer lines and F1 hybrids of autotetraploid rice. DTP-4, DMinghui63, D46A´DTP-4 and D46A´DMinghui63 showed significantly higher pollen fertility and seed set than DShixiang and D46A´DShixiang. Pairing configurations in PMC of DTP-4, DMinghui63, DShixiang, D46A´DTP-4, D46A´DMinghui63 and D46A´DShixiang were 0.05 I+19.96 II (9.89 rod+10.07 ring)+0.01 III+2.20 IV, 0.11 I+19.17 II (8.90 rod+10.37 ring)+0.09 III+2.26 IV+0.01 VI, 1.33 I+9.46 II (4.50 rod+4.96 ring)+0.44 III+6.02 IV+0.09 VI+0.09 VIII, 0.02 I+14.36 II (6.44 rod+7.91 ring)+0.01 III+4.80 IV+0.01V III, 0.06 I+17.67 II (11.01 rod+6.67 ring)+0.06 III+3.10 IV+0.01 VI and 1.11 I+11.31 II (5.80 rod+5.51 ring)+0.41 III+5.63 IV+0.03 VI+0.03 VIII, respectively. Configuration 16 II+4 IV and 12 II+6 IV occurred in the highest frequency among the autotetraploid restorers and hybrids. Meiotic chromosome behaviors were less abnormal in the tetraploids with high seed set than those with low seed set. The hybrids had fewer frequencies of bivalents, univalents, trivalents and multivalents than the restorers, but higher frequency of quatrivalents than the restorers at MI. The frequency of univalents at M1 had the most impact on pollen fertility and seed set, i.e., pollen fertility decreased with the increase of univalents. The secondary impact factors were trivalents and multivalents, and bivalents and quatrivalents had no effect on pollen fertility and seed set. The correlative relationship between pollen fertility and cytogenetic behaviors could be utilized to improve seed set in autotetraploidy breeding. The amylose content of autotetraploid indica mutant Rice D4063-1 dropped by half than diploid Minghui 63, that is, its amylose content of 5.23%.The whole sequence of Waxy gene of D4063-1 is amplified and sequenced. And the discrepancy of bases is found comparing to the reported Waxy gene. The Waxy gene of autotetraploid Rice D4063-1 had a base deletion in exon sequence, which resulted frameshift mutation in exon 9 and termination codon occur early. The mutation of Wx also led to the change of some common restriction endonuclease sites. Results showed compared to indica and japonica, D4063-1 had two adding sph1 sites. Compared to japonica, D4063-1 had six decreasing Acc1, a adding Xho1, Pst1 and Sal1 restriction sites. Phylogeny analysis shows that the DNA sequence of Waxy gene of D4063-1 is closer to Indica, and we suppose that the Waxy gene of D4063-1 is origin from genotype Wxa. In addition, according to the base differences of Wx in D4063-1, we deduce that RNA processing obstacle led by base change of intron is the main cause to low the amylose content, and related to phenotype of its soft rice. Based on analysis of fragments of D4063-1, indica and japonica and according to the special point of the three species, primers as markers-AUT4063-I were designed for distinguishing the D4063-1 from other rice. Combining with primer pair F5, dominant and codominant ways were established for discriminating them., rapid and correct identification of D4063-1 from other rice could be done. The genetic analysis is important to ensure the original of autotetraploid rice, for maintaining the “distinctiveness” of autotetraploid varieties, and to differentiate between the various genetic background of autotetraploid rice. The autotetraploid breeding will benefit from detailed analysis of genetic diversity in the germplasm collections. Further investigation on mechanisms of meiotic stability should benefit polyploid breeding. These findings demonstrated opportunity to improve meiotic abnormalities as well as grain fertilities in autotetraploid rice.
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给出10MeV质子等时性回旋加速器的等时性磁场设计,中心区的设计以及加速后最终的束流品质,该加速器可作为正电子断层扫描装置的配套设备,用于生产中短寿命放射性同位素等.它沿半径方向只用一套线圈励磁,等时性磁场的建立完全由磁极形状决定.中心区的设计满足了轨道中心化的要求,并给出较大的横向和纵向接受度,以获得足够的束流强度.经过172圈加速后,最终的束流品质满足要求.
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前人曾用重离子束注入生物小分子 ,借助先进的仪器分析手段 ,对重离子注入质量沉积进行了初步研究 ,但质量沉积对处于生命状态下的活生物体组织细胞和生物大分子所带来的生物学效应 ,即质量沉积效应的研究还未见报道。将来可用放射性重离子束注入活细胞和生物分子 ,借助放射自显影示踪、放射性测量和分子生物学等研究技术对重离子注入质量沉积效应开展进一步研究
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1994~ 1 996年开展了 5种不同模式水稻田生态系统主要养分 N、P、K在整个生育期间随渗漏水淋失规律的研究。结果表明 :不同模式的水稻田生态系统中 ,淋失的 N素养分主要以 NO- 3- N为主 ,NH+ 4 - N淋失仅占很少部分 ,并且随着深度的增加 ,NO- 3- N的淋失逐渐增大 ,而NH+ 4 - N的淋失则逐渐减小。淋失的 P、K养分量很小 ,且随深度的变化其变化量亦不大
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<正> 硒是人体健康必需的微量元素之一。对维持正常代谢起着重要的调节作用。长期缺硒可导致克山病发生,会使受孕率显著下降,频繁出现流产、难产和死胎,还会并发贫血症等。然而,过量的硒对人体也有害,能导致胃肠疾病,神经过敏和紫斑病的发生。由此可见,硒和人体健康有着十分密切的关