Ferroelectric liquid crystal mixture integrated into optical waveguides

We report an on-chip integrated ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) waveguide structure suitable for telecommunication applications. Single gaps with different widths of 5, 10, and 20 μ m inside individual silica waveguides were filled with an FLC mixture. The waveguide devices operate as a binary switch or an attenuator in a temperature range from 30 °C to 60 °C. The FLC mixture exhibited a good alignment quality in these gaps without alignment layers. A good extinction ratio of up to 33.9 dB and a low insertion loss of <4.3 dB at λ = 1550 nm were observed. Switching times of <100 μs were obtained for the low electric fields applied in this experiment. © 2012 IEEE.

Vibration response of a wind-turbine planetary gear set in the presence of a localized planet bearing defect

In a wind-turbine gearbox, planet bearings exhibit a high failure rate and are considered as one of the most critical components. Development of efficient vibration based fault detection methods for these bearings requires a thorough understanding of their vibration signature. Much work has been done to study the vibration properties of healthy planetary gear sets and to identify fault frequencies in fixed-axis bearings. However, vibration characteristics of planetary gear sets containing localized planet bearing defects (spalls or pits) have not been studied so far. In this paper, we propose a novel analytical model of a planetary gear set with ring gear flexibility and localized bearing defects as two key features. The model is used to simulate the vibration response of a planetary system in the presence of a defective planet bearing with faults on inner or outer raceway. The characteristic fault signature of a planetary bearing defect is determined and sources of modulation sidebands are identified. The findings from this work will be useful to improve existing sensor placement strategies and to develop more sophisticated fault detection algorithms. Copyright © 2011 by ASME.

Kernel conditional quantile estimation via reduction revisited

Quantile regression refers to the process of estimating the quantiles of a conditional distribution and has many important applications within econometrics and data mining, among other domains. In this paper, we show how to estimate these conditional quantile functions within a Bayes risk minimization framework using a Gaussian process prior. The resulting non-parametric probabilistic model is easy to implement and allows non-crossing quantile functions to be enforced. Moreover, it can directly be used in combination with tools and extensions of standard Gaussian Processes such as principled hyperparameter estimation, sparsification, and quantile regression with input-dependent noise rates. No existing approach enjoys all of these desirable properties. Experiments on benchmark datasets show that our method is competitive with state-of-the-art approaches. © 2009 IEEE.

水生大型无脊椎动物的能量密度

测定了 72种大型水生无脊椎动物的能量密度 ,其中 6 9种是第一次测定 .底栖动物的能量密度随物种、季节、地区、年龄等的不同而存在差异 .绝大多数寡毛类的能量密度为 2 2 .99- 2 5 .0 8kJ/g(干重 ) ,软体动物的能量密度为 16 .72 - 2 2 .99kJ/g(干重 ) ,昆虫及其幼虫的能量密度变异较大 ,为 10 .4 5 - 2 5 .0 8kJ/g(干重 )左右 .

Thermal effects investigation and cavity design in passively mode-locked Nd:YVO4 laser with a SESAM

A diode-pumped passively mode-locked Nd YVO4 laser with a five-mirror folded cavity is presented by using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM). The temperature distribution and thermal lensing in laser medium are numerically analyzed to design a special cavity which can keep the power density on SESAM under its damage threshold. Both the Q-switched and continuous-wave mode-locked operation are experimentally realized. The maximum average output power of 8.94 W with a 9.3 ps pulse width at a repetition rate of 111 MHz is obtained under a pump power of 24 W, correspondingly the optical slope efficiency is 39.2%. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Transfer and detection of single electrons using metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors

A single-electron turnstile and electrometer circuit was fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator substrate. The turnstile, which is operated by opening and closing two metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) alternately, allows current quantization at 20 K due to single-electron transfer. Another MOSFET is placed at the drain side of the turnstile to form an electron storage island. Therefore, one-by-one electron entrance into the storage island from the turnstile can be detected as an abrupt change in the current of the electrometer, which is placed near the storage island and electrically coupled to it. The correspondence between the quantized current and the single-electron counting was confirmed.

Structural and optical characterization of Zn1-xCdxO thin films deposited by dc reactive magnetron sputtering

Zn1-xCdxO crystal thin films with different compositions were prepared on silicon and sapphire substrates by the dc reactive magnetron sputtering technique. X-ray diffraction measurements show that the Zn1-xCdxO films are of completely (002)-preferred orientation for x less than or equal to 0.6. For x = 0.8, the Elm is a mixture of ZnO hexagonal wurtzite crystals and CdO cubic crystals. For pure CdO, it is highly (200) preferential-oriented. Photoluminescence spectrum measurement shows that the Zn1-xCdxO (x = 0.2) thin film has a redshift of 0.14 eV from that of ZnO reported previously.

湿地松色二孢菌和可可球二孢菌根腐病研究

松树根腐病在我国首次发现于雷州半岛10年生左右的湿地松林分。病原菌被鉴定为松色二孢菌Diplodia pinea，另外还发现可可球二孢菌Botryodiplodia theobromae不侵染马尾松，但对湿地松、火炬松和加勒比松也是一种病原菌。 松色二孢菌在林间土病根内以菌丝体方式可存活150天以上，在室内5～50%含水量自然土中，菌丝体和分生孢子可存活120天以上。 松色二孢菌在含水量为40%的湿地松离体根内扩展较快.在含水量为50～70%的离体根内扩展较慢。不论接种前或接种后调节土壤的含水量，一年生松苗的死亡率在含水量为50%土壤中较低，在含水量为5～25%土壤中较高。苗木要经过约20天的干旱影响后，才显示出较易受病菌的侵染。

黄土丘陵区退耕撂荒地土壤微生物量演变过程

土壤微生物量是表征土壤生态系统中物质和能量流动的重要参数,研究黄土丘陵区坡耕地撂荒后微生物量及其活性的变化过程对认识该地区生态恢复过程中土壤质量的演变及其效果评价具有重要意义。【方法】采用时空互代法,以典型侵蚀环境纸坊沟流域生态恢复过程中不同年限的撂荒地为研究对象,选取坡耕地和天然侧柏林为参照,通过室内测试分析,并运用统计和相关分析等方法,研究坡耕地撂荒后土壤微生物量、呼吸强度、代谢商(qCO2)及土壤理化性质的演变特征。【结果】侵蚀环境下的坡耕地土壤微生物量含量偏低,土壤理化性质较差,撂荒后理化性质得到显著改善,微生物量碳(Cmic)在撂荒1a后显著增大,前7a较为剧烈,增幅较大,随后呈波动式上升,50a达到最大值;微生物量氮(Nmic)在撂荒初期增长缓慢,40a时才达到显著水平,微生物量磷(Pmic)在撂荒初期显著降低,5～7a达到最低值,随后逐渐上升,20～25a时和坡耕地没有显著差异,50a时达到最大值。撂荒50a时土壤Cmic、Nmic和Pmic分别较坡耕地增加166%、146%和52%,但仅为侧柏林的43.42%、45.06%和51.47%。呼吸强度在撂荒初期迅速增加,随后趋于稳定,与侧柏...

可溶性甲壳素制取及其稀溶液性质的研究

从螃蟹壳中提取出甲壳素，并进一步进行脱乙酰基反应，制得了脱乙酰度（D.D）在49－100％范围的阳离子聚电解质可溶性甲壳素－壳聚糖。首次通过壳聚糖乙酸溶液的超声波降解快速制得了各个脱乙酰度系列，不同分子量的壳聚糖样品。将不同系列的各个样品在0.2M CH_3COOH + 0.1M CH_3COONa溶液中进行粘度和光散射（L.S）的研究，订定出了不同D.D壳聚糖的Mark-Houwink方程（30±0.05℃）如下：69％：[η]=0.1036*10~(-3) M_w~(1.12) (ml/g) 84%: [η]=1.424*10~(-3) M_w~(0.96) (ml/g) 91%: [η]=11.27*10~(-3)M_w~(0.84) (ml/g) 100%: [η]=16.80*10~(-3)M_w~(0.81) (ml/g)同时，对壳聚糖的其它某些稀溶液性质，如分子尺寸，第二维利系数，扩散因子等进行了求算，并对结果进行了讨论。将胶体滴定法应用到聚电解质壳聚糖的脱乙酰度（D.D）分析上，取得了满意的结果，建立了完整的测试方法，推导出了计算公式：D.D=(N_(PVSK)*ΔV*M_壳)/(5*C)*100%式中：N_(PVSK)-PVSK的当量浓度M_壳－完全脱乙酰基的壳聚糖链节分子量：161.15ΔV－消耗掉PVSK的体积差ΔV=V_1-V_2（升）C－壳聚糖溶液的浓度(g/ml)实验表明，不同D.D值的壳聚糖有着不同的折光指数增量dn/dc，由此创立了一个根据测dn/dc值求壳聚糖脱乙酰度的新方法。在0.2M CH_3COOH/0.1M CH_3COONa中，436nm，25±0.05℃时的计算公式如下：y=9.397*0.943式中：x-dn/dc (ml/g) y-D.D (%)。

形状空间中模型变化的插值生成

在形状空间中,由三角形网格构成的模型可视为空间中的一个点,可以借助黎曼度量对形状空间进行操作,从而实现对模型的变换.改进了已有的操纵形状空间的方法,根据输入模型顶点的位置变化判断是否需要利用黎曼度量计算插值位置,降低了形状空间的维数,提高了运算速度.实验结果显示,混合利用线性插值和利用形状空间计算2种方法的生成模型具有良好的效果.

低功率氩电弧加热发动机内传热与流动的数值模拟

<正>电弧加热发动机是通过阴极和阳极之间直流放电产生的电弧加热推进剂,产生的高温部分电离气体经喷管加速产生推力。国外早在上个世纪50年代就对电弧加热发动机开始研究,经过几十年努力,先后攻克了电极烧蚀、电弧稳定等一系列难题,终于研制成功千瓦量级的用于同步卫星位置保持和姿态调整的推进系统,并得到了广泛的商业应