Synthesis and Characterization of Lactic Acid Oligomers: Evaluation of Performance as Poly(Lactic Acid) Plasticizers

The use of fully bio-based and biodegradable materials for massive applications, such as food packaging, is an emerging tendency in polymer research. But the formulations proposed in this way should preserve or even increase the functional properties of conventional polymers, such as transparency, homogeneity, mechanical properties and low migration of their components to foodstuff. This is not always trivial, in particular when brittle biopolymers, such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), are considered. In this work the formulation of innovative materials based on PLA modified with highly compatible plasticizers, i.e. oligomers of lactic acid (OLAs) is proposed. Three different synthesis conditions for OLAs were tested and the resulting additives were further blended with commercial PLA obtaining transparent and ductile materials, able for films manufacturing. These materials were tested in their structural, thermal and tensile properties and the best formulation among the three materials was selected. OLA with molar mass (Mn) around 1,000 Da is proposed as an innovative and fully compatible and biodegradable plasticizer for PLA, able to replace conventional plasticizers (phthalates, adipates or citrates) currently used for films manufacturing in food packaging applications.

Mesostructured zeolites: bridging the gap between zeolites and MCM-41

Surfactant-templating is one of the most versatile and useful techniques to implement mesoporous systems into solid materials. Various strategies based on various interactions between surfactants and solid precursors have been explored to produce new structures. Zeolites are invaluable as size- and shape-selective solid acid catalysts. Nevertheless, their micropores impose limitations on the mass transport of bulky feed and/or product molecules. Many studies have attempted to address this by utilizing surfactant-assisting technology to alleviate the diffusion constraints. However, most efforts have failed due to micro/mesopore phase separation. Recently, a new technique combining the uses of cationic surfactants and mild basic solutions was introduced to synthesise mesostructured zeolites. These materials sustain the unique characteristics of zeolites (i.e., strong acidity, crystallinity, microporosity, and hydrothermal stability), including tunable mesopore sizes and degrees of mesoporosity. The mesostructured zeolites are now commercially available through Rive Technology, and show superior performance in VGO cracking. This feature article provides an overview of recent explorations in the introduction of mesoporosity into zeolites using surfactant-templating techniques. Various porous materials, preparation methods, physical and catalytic properties of mesostructured zeolites will be discussed.

Whole rock analytical techniques and glas analytical techniques of silicic magmas from the South East Rift, Manus Basin

There has been much recent interest in the origin of silicic magmas at spreading centres away from any possible influence of continental crust. Here we present major and trace element data for 29 glasses (and 55 whole-rocks) sampled from a 40 km segment of the South East Rift in the Manus Basin that span the full compositional continuum from basalt to rhyolite (50-75 wt % SiO2). The glass data are accompanied by Sr-Nd-Pb, O and U-Th-Ra isotope data for selected samples. These overlap the ranges for published data from this part of the Manus Basin. Limited increases in Cl/K ratios with increasing SiO2, La-SiO2 and Yb-SiO2 relationships, and the oxygen isotope data rule out models in which the more silicic lavas result from partial melting of altered oceanic crust or altered oceanic gabbros. Rather, the data form a coherent array that is suggestive of closed-system fractional crystallization and this is well simulated by MELTS models run at 0.2 GPa and QFM (quartz-fayalite-magnetite buffer) with 1 wt % H2O, using a parental magma chosen from the basaltic glasses. Although some assimilation of altered oceanic crust or gabbro cannot be completely ruled out, there is no evidence that this plays an important role in the origin of the silicic lavas. The U-series disequilibria are dominated by 238U and 226Ra excesses that limit the timescale of differentiation to less than a few millennia. Overall, the data point to rapid evolution in relatively small magma lenses located near the base of thick oceanic crust; we speculate that this was coupled with relatively low rates of basaltic recharge. A similar model may be applicable to the generation of silicic magmas elsewhere in the ocean basins.

Ordo examinationis orationum quae dicunntur in infirmitatibus seu praecantationum quae Hispané dicuntur empsalmos /

Aliqua carmina, h. 52-56 ; De la perfeccion y sinificacion [sic] de los numeros por la composicion de sus partes, h. 57-71.

Manual de anatomía quirúrgica ó descripción del cuerpo humano dividido en regiones... /

Contiene: T. 1 (VII, 390 p.) ; T. 2 (387 p.)

Iwo Jima Photo Album, Image 70

Three Marines in pith helmets with a Browning machine gun. Official Photograph, U.S. Marine Corps, No. 8900-113. (Appears to be different from Iwo Jima photgraphs taken by Douglas H. Page.)

Bulk density, ash content, humification, peat accumulation and selected lithogenic data of Store Mosse peat bog

This datafile presents chemical and physical as well as age dating information from the Store Mosse peat bog in southern Sweden. This record dates back to 8900 cal yr BP. The aim of the research was to reconstruct mineral dust deposition over time. As such we have only presented the lithogenic element data (Al, Ga, Rb, Sc, Ti, Y, Zr, Th and the REE) as the sample preparation method was tailored to these. This data is supported by parameters describing the deposit including bulk density, humification, ash content and net peat accumulation rates.

Abundance and exploitation of loggerhead turtles nesting in Boa Vista Island, Cape Verde: The only substantial rookery in the eastern Atlantic.

[EN] The main nesting area for loggerhead turtles in the eastern Atlantic is in the Cape Verde Islands, largely restricted to the island of Boa Vista. Extensive monitoring demonstrated a globally significant population for the species despite a sustained high level of anthropogenic take of nesting females for local consumption. Through an extensive stratified monitoring program across the island in the seasons 2007-2009, we estimated a total of 13955, 12028 and 19950 clutches in the 3 years, respectively. These values indicate that the mean number of nesting females averaged 3700. Considering that a female breed, on average, every 2.4 years, we estimate that the overall number of adult females in the population during these three seasons was 8900.

L'offre de services du bilan de compétences

Le bilan de compétences permet à l’adulte de faire le point sur les compétences développées, notamment au fil de sa vie professionnelle, et d’établir un plan d’action qui en tient compte. Au Québec, cet outil intéresse autant les adultes, pour mieux valoriser leurs expériences de travail et les aider dans des décisions d’orientation, que les acteurs du domaine de l’orientation. Cependant, nombreux sont les adultes qui, lorsqu’ils veulent effectuer une démarche de bilan de compétences s’ils en connaissent l’existence, ne savent pas à qui s’adresser. Cet essai vise donc à répondre à la question : Comment le monde de l’orientation fait-il la promotion du bilan de compétences? L’analyse de contenu quantitative et qualitative de 49 sites Web de conseillères et conseillers d’orientation annonçant, dans le cadre de leur pratique privée, offrir le service de bilan de compétences a mené à trois principaux constats. Tout d’abord, non seulement le bilan de compétences n’est pas promu auprès de la population sur les sites Web, mais c’est aussi le cas pour les services d’orientation en général. Ensuite, malgré que peu ou pas de stratégies de communication soient utilisées pour faire la promotion du bilan de compétences, certaines le sont pour la promotion des services de façon générale. Enfin, l’autre constat est la grande variété dans la forme et le contenu des sites Web analysés. Il y a de petits et de grands sites, des modernes et des conventionnels. Certains sont très détaillés, d’autres sont plutôt sommaires.