Oceanographic Data of the 37th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition from November 1995 to March 1996

The results of oceanographic observations on board the icebreaker "Shirase" and tidal observations at Syowa Station, Antarctica, are presented in this report. The oceanographic observations were carried out by the summer party of the 37th Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE-37) during the austral summer of 1995/1996. The tidal observations were carried out by the winter party of JARE-36 from February 1995 to January 1996.

从1995年国际景观生态学大会看当前国内外景观生态学发展的现状

对１９９５年世界景观生态学大会和景观生态学发展的国内外现状进行了思考。当今景观生态学与国际生态学的研究热点（全球变化、生物多样性和持续发展）基本一致，但又有自己的特色，其重点领域包括：①生态空间理论与景观异质性研究；②景观变化模型与未来景观规划；③景观系统分析与ＧＩＳ应用等。由于经济发展和社会生态意识的不同，使得该学科在各地区间的发展很不平衡。着重就我国的本领域研究状况与国际水平作了比较

我国主要类型生态系统结构功能与提高生产力途径研究──KJ85－06项目1991～1995研究进展简介

ＫＪ８５－０６项目是“八五”期间由中国科学院资助的最大的生态学研究计划．１９个研究所、２０个试验站、５３０余名科技人员参加了该项计划，５年总经费１０００万元．研究工作取得了重大进展，迄今已发表论文４５０余篇、专著３部，尚有大量论文与多部专著将陆续出版．本文简要介绍了有关主要研究进展，并就生态系统优化管理研究和生态过程、人类活动影响联网研究提出了两点主张．

Panorama de la Inserción Internacional de América Latina y el Caribe 1996

Incluye Bibliografía

Evolução da área florestada na região de Botucatu-SP no período de 1996 a 2008 visando à implantação da reserva legal

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Energia na Agricultura) - FCA

Evaluación de la incidencia de enfermedades criptogámicas foliares en cereales de invierno y primavera en España. Periodo 1993-1996.

El trabajo presenta los resultados de evaluar las micosis foliares de los cereales durante tres campañas de cultivo consecutivas: 1993-94; 1994-95 y 1995-96. En la campaña 1993-1994 fueron evaluadas 154 variedades de trigo, triticale y cebada. Durante 1994-1995 se valoraron 145 variedades. En 1995-1996 fueron 161 las prospectadas y se ampliaron las observaciones a 9 cultivares de avena. Las variedades estuvieron cultivadas en ocho toponimias cerealícolas de España. Los resultados pusieron de manifiesto que las enfermedades más importantes fueron: Septoria tritici, Blumeria graminis f.sp.tritici, Puccinia recondita f.sp.tritici y Pyrenophora teres, en trigo blando o harinero(primavera e invierno),trigo duro y triticale. Muy discreta fue la presencia de la roya amarilla (Puccinia striiformis f.sp.tritici). En cebada (primavera y verano), Pyrenophora teres, Rhynchosporium secalis y Blumeria graminis f.sp.hordei fueron las especies fúngicas más importantes. Para las variedades de avena fue Puccinia coronata (roya coronada la enfermedad más frecuente. No pudieron establecerse diferencias entre variedades por su resistencia a alguno de los patógenos encontrados.

Shareholder values, not shareholder value : the role of 'ethical funds' and 'ethical entrepreneurs' in connecting shareholders' values with their investments

This article rebuts the still-common assumption that managers of capitalist entities have a duty, principally or even exclusively, to maximise the monetary return to investors on their investments. It argues that this view is based on a misleadingly simplistic conception of human values and motivation. Not only is acting solely to maximise long-term shareholder value difficult, it displays, at best, banal single-mindedness and, at worst, sociopathy. In fact, real investors and managers have rich constellations of values that should be taken account of in all their decisions, including their business decisions. Awareness of our values, and public expression of our commitment to exemplify them, make for healthier investment and, in the long term, a healthier corporate world. Individuals and funds investing on the basis of such values, in companies that express their own, display humanity rather than pathology. Preamble I always enjoyed the discussions that Michael Whincop and I had about the interaction of ethics and economics. Each of us could see an important role for these disciplines, as well as our common discipline of law. We also shared an appreciation of the institutional context within which much of the drama of life is played out. In understanding the behaviour of individuals and the choices they make, it seemed axiomatic to each of us that ethics and economics have a lot to say. This was also true of the institutions in which they operate. Michael ·had a strong interest in 'the new institutional economics' I and I had a strong interest in 'institutionalising ethics' right through the 1990s.' This formed the basis of some fascinating and fruitful discussions. Professor Charles Sampford is Director, Key Centre for Ethics, Law, Justice and Governance, Foundation Professor of Law at Griffith University and President, International Institute for Public Ethics.DrVirginia Berry is a Research Fellow at theKey Centre for Ethics, Law,Justice andGovernance, Griffith University. Oliver Williamson, one of the leading proponents of the 'new institutional economics', published a number of influential works - see Williamson (1975, 1995,1996). Sampford (1991),' pp 185-222. The primary focus of discussions on institutionalising ethics has been in public sectorethics: see, for example, Preston and Sampford (2002); Sampford (1994), pp 114-38. Some discussion has, however, moved beyond the public sector to include business - see Sampford 200408299

Community voices, votes and action

The diversity of community voices in the SEQ ‘bellwether region’ has grown from a muted murmur in the mid twentieth century supporting provision of urban services, rural conservation and green belts, to the current clamour against over-development, and in favour of protecting local and regional open space, wetlands and natural habitats. This in turn has often resulted in vigorous campaigns against unpopular roads, dams, dumps and tall buildings. In the last twenty years community issues have played a major part in local government elections throughout the region and have even helped unseat (in 1995-1996) a state government which discounted their authenticity and community resolve.

Prevalence and determinants of respiratory symptoms, asthma, chronic bronchitis and allergic sensitization in Helsinki : A comparison between Finland, Sweden and Estonia. The FinEsS studies - Helsinki I

Objectives: To assess the prevalence and risk factor profiles of respiratory symptoms, asthma and chronic bronchitis in Helsinki, and to compare these results with those for Sweden and Estonia. Other important aims were to evaluate the prevalence and determinants of type 1 sensitization in Helsinki. Materials and methods: This presentation is a part of a large epidemiological study in Finland, Estonia and Sweden (FinEsS). The first part of the study consisted of a postal questionnaire in 1995-1996 distributed to subjects in eight study centres. The study population in each centre was a population-based random sample designed to be representative of the general population. The original study sample in Helsinki consisted of 8000 subjects aged 20-69 years, 6062 (76%) of whom participated. Comparisons between countries were based on a narrower age group, 20-64 years, since 64 years was the upper age limit used in the original study in Estonia. Thus, altogether 58 661 subjects aged 20-64 years were invited to participate in Finland, Sweden and Estonia, and 44 483 (76%) did so. The second part of the study was a clinical study with a structured interview, lung function measurements and skin-prick tests with 15 common allergens. This thesis reports only the results of the prick tests in Helsinki. Of the 1200 subjects invited to participate in Helsinki, 643 (54%) consented. Skin-prick tests were performed on subjects ≤ 60 years of age; thus, a total of 498 tests were done. Results: In Helsinki, the prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma was 6.6% and of physician-diagnosed chronic bronchitis 3.7% among subjects aged 20-69 years. Comparison of the results between Finland, Sweden and Estonia in subjects 20-64 years of age revealed the highest prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma in Sweden, 7.8%, while the prevalence in Finland was 5.9% and in Estonia 2.0% (p<0.001). The prevalence of physician-diagnosed asthma among those aged 20-29 years was 7.9% in Stockholm, 6.3% in Helsinki and 2.8% in Tallinn. Asthma-related symptoms were most common in Estonia, and among those with typical asthma symptoms the diagnosis of asthma was least likely in Estonia. Physician-diagnosed chronic bronchitis was reported to be 10.7% in Estonia, 3.1% in Sweden and 2.9% in Finland among subjects aged 20-64 years (p<0.001). Among those aged 20-29 years, 7.6% in Tallinn reported physician-diagnosed chronic bronchitis, while the prevalence estimates were 1.4% in Stockholm and 1.3% in Helsinki. The prevalence of smoking was similar for women in all three countries, around 30%, but large differences in smoking habits were present among men; 60% of Estonian, 39% of Finnish and 28% of Swedish men smoked. Skin-prick tests in Helsinki revealed a high prevalence of sensitization, 46.9%. For subjects aged 26-39 years, the prevalence was highest, 56.8%, and 23.7% were sensitized to at least four allergens. The most common sensitizing allergen was the dog. Sensitization to multiple allergens was associated with a high prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis. Conclusions: Compared with earlier Finnish studies, a higher prevalence of asthma and a lower prevalence of chronic bronchitis were found in Helsinki. The prevalence of physician-diagnosed chronic bronchitis was low in Helsinki, with only one-fifth of subjects fulfilling the symptom criteria for chronic bronchitis reporting having a diagnosis of chronic bronchitis. The prevalences of asthma and chronic bronchitis were similar in Finland and Sweden, but in Estonia physician-diagnosed asthma was less common and physician-diagnosed chronic bronchitis more common, particularly among young subjects. Further analyses revealed that the diagnosis of asthma was favoured in Finland and Sweden, while the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis was more likely in Estonia for subjects with the same symptoms. Allergic sensitization was common in Helsinki. Our findings of multiple sensitization also speak in favour of evaluating the degree of sensitization when assessing allergies.

Evaluación del insecticida botánico NIM-20 (Azadirachtina) y dos insecticidas microbiales a base de bacillus thuringiensis en el manejo de la broca (Thecla basalides geyer) en el fruto de la piña (Ananas comosus (L) Merr)

El presente estudio se realizó en el año 1995-1996 en el período comprendido de Noviembre 95 a Abril 96 en el Municipio de Ticuantepe, Managua, con el objetivo de evaluar dos insecticidas biológicos y uno botánico para el control de la plaga Thecla basalides (perforador de la fruta), en elcultivo de la Piña, Este estudio de cuatro tratamientos (Nim 20, Dipel 8 L, Agree 50 WP y testigo), se estableció en un diseño de Bloques Completamente al Azar (B.C.A) con seis repeticiones "Los resultados demuestran que, las aplicaciones de insecticidas biológicos y Nim-20, son efectivos en el control del barrenador del fruto de Piña

Role of G protein coupled inwardly rectifier K+ channels (GIRK) on the neurobiology depression

353 págs.

Zusammenhang zwischen Schadstoffen aus der Elbe und missgebildeten Fischembryonen in der Deutschen Bucht.

The trends of malformation prevalence in embryos of dab, Limanda limanda, in the southern North Sea after the year 1990 mirrored the drop in major pollutants in the rivers draining into the German Bight. Despite this general decline we detected a pollution event in the southern North Sea in winter 1995/1996 employing the prevalence of malformations in dab embryos as an indicator. An abrupt rise in malformation prevalence in the embryos of dab, corresponded to a dramatic increase in DDT levels in parent fish from the same area, indicating a hitherto unnoticed introduction of considerable quantities of DDT into the system. This input could be traced back to discharges of unknown origen into the River Elbe.

Electric fishing survey of the gravel addition sites on the River Wyre, Grizedale Beck and Joshua's Beck.

Although geographically the River Wyre lies between two rivers containing major migrations of adult salmon and sea trout, its rod & line fisheries have for a number of years produced exceptionally low catches. In order to determine the causes of this the Wyre Salmon and Sea trout Restoration Group (WSSRG) was conceived in 1994 as a partnership between the then National Rivers Authority (now Environment Agency), local landowners, angling clubs and interested parties. Two studies of 1994 and 1995 stated that there is a shortage of useable spawning gravels on the river. This is compounded by Abbeystead Reservoir acting as a gravel trap, the siltation of gravels on several side becks and problems with access to available gravels by returning adults. There was also perceived to be a need for accurate fishery data from the river encompassing redd counts, catch data and surveys of fry populations. The 1995 report suggested a number of management proposals which might be adopted in order to improve and create available spawning habitat for migratory salmonids. Funding was made available to create three spawning gravels on each of two side becks (Grizedale Beck and Joshua's Beck) and the addition of gravels to a site oh the main river below Abbeystead Reservoir. Modifications were also made to the fish pass at Abbeystead to allow easier passage of fish. These improvements were made in the autumn of 1995. Salmonid spawning redd counting was undertaken on the whole Wyre catchment in 1995/1996 and specific surveys by electric fishing on the gravel enhancement sites in the summer of 1996. This report details the current state of the improvement works that were undertaken and presents the results of electric fishing surveys in September 1996. A number of lessons have been learnt which will be of great benefit to the Fisheries Function in other parts of the Wyre catchment and the Central Area in general.

Reviving the Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) fishery in Vembanad Lake, India

In Vembanad Lake and its confluent rivers (Kerala, India), the catches of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) were reported to have dwindled to a mere 39 t in the 1980s from average landings of 300 t during the 1960s. This decline is due to the impact of a number of human interventions affecting the ecosystem and, hence, the stocks of M. rosenbergii. Monitoring of landings in 1994-1995 and 1995-1996 indicates an improvement in catches. This paper discusses the reasons for the decline and revival in stocks and suggestions for their replenishment.

Safety Training and Oceanic Fishing

This paper reports on the cultural adaptation of Atlantic commercial fishermen to the danger of their occupation and efforts to ameliorate that danger through safety training programs. The research is directed towards measuring fishermen's patterns of subjective perceived danger and assessing the impact of safety training on these patterns of thinking. Safety training for commercial fishermen has unique problems owing to a culture that relies heavily on the trivialization or denial of the dangers associated with the work (Binkley, 1995; Poggie et al., 1995, 1996; Pollnac et al., 1995). Hence, understanding the efficacy of various approaches to safety training is important in promoting greater safety at sea, for this understanding will help create the most effective programs.